"
Team:MIT toggle
From 2010.igem.org
iGEM 2010
bacterial toggle |
A genetic switch or toggle follows the general form of two proteins that inhibit the others' transcription. Because of this arrangement, the toggle has two stable states -- on or off -- and can switch between the states with certain inputs. This pseudo-binary, reversible setup implies a simple but powerful control over a genetic system.  The Bacterial team focused on implementing and improving the Collins toggle, pTSMa. pTSMa switches on if the cell is exposed to UV, and switches off with the addition of IPTG. The ultimate goal was to use the toggle to fine-tune our control over the growth of our polymerizing phage M13. We created a biobrick that fluoresced red when exposed to UV light, or when the toggle was turned "on" to represent where phage would be produced when our modules are connected. As an intermediate in our project, we have managed to create what is essentially an improved bacterial camera capable of instantaneous photography.  We implemented part of the Collins toggle in our bacteria, improving upon previous iGEM bacterial cameras by shortening the exposure time from hours (UT-Austin 2005) to seconds. However, during our experiments, we noticed two problems. Problem 1: Cell Death in Exposed Areas  Noticeable cell death in UV-exposed regions was immediately noticed in our cell lawns. According to established protocol, cells were exposed to UV power 80 J/m^2 in order to switch the Collins toggle to the "on" state. When we performed a drip assay to deduce the effect of this exposure on cell viability, we got the following death curve.  Solution: Low Power Toggle While searching literature, we found evidence that with a single site-directed mutagenesis reaction, we could increase toggle sensitivity to UV exposure. In doing this, we created a Low Power Toggle. Our bacterial circuit improves upon the Collins toggle in that the power of UV light required to switch the toggle is reduced 8x, resulting in significantly more cells surviving the image capture process.  Problem 2: Leaky Expression Secondly, we noticed that even in areas that were not induced by UV, a low amount red fluorescence appeared. Looking back at all of our parts, we found on the parts registry page for R0065 that it is characterized as "very leaky". Analyzing its features, we noticed a second -10 promoter region in the hybrid promoter. Solution: Less Leaky Promoter By removing one of these -10 sequences, we were able to reduce the leakiness of our signal, and increase the binary response of our circuit.  In this FACS scatter, the x-axis represents green fluorescence, and the y-axis represents red fluorescence with zero UV exposure. Theoretically, there should be no red fluorescence. The red fluorescence in part K415023 is controlled by the original R0065, and in K415069 is controlled by our less leaky promoter K415031. You can see that the original promoter is more leaky than our fixed promoter: 3% of K415069 fluoresce red, while 15% of K415031 cells fluoresce red. |
