| Spider Silk
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| World’s strongest spider silk comes from species of the genus Nephila
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| (The golden orb spider: the largest spider in this genus is Nephila maculata)
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| Its impressive web can be up to 6metres long and 2metres wide and last several years.
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| It has long been used by man; tribal people wrapped around a stick to catch fish.
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| In a modern setting its uses are becoming more and more valuable from parachutes to bullet proof vests and in this
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| project as measure to help fix cracks in concrete.
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| http://www.naturia.per.sg/buloh/inverts/nephila.htm
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| Spider silk is comparable in strength to carbon fibres
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| Highly structured at the nanometre scale – not good for synthetic materials
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| Repetitive structures- GXG motif
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| Glycine rich segments – hard and soft segments alternating
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| Hard= hydrogen bonding cross-linked crystallites (polyalanine) forming an amorphic beta sheet structure,
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| Soft= flexibility (Glycine rich)
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| Major protein from Nephila clavipes – MaSP1 tandem variants of
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| A GQG GYG GLG SQG A GRG GLG GQG A GA6GGx
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| MaSP2 also has a repetitive structure – difference soft segment contains proline containing pentamers: The consensus repeat is _GPGGY GPGQQ.3GPSGPGS A8. Similar structure to Elastin – elastic properties of drag-line by the folding of pentamer structure.
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| In the spider – silk in 3 phases
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| 1) Extremely viscous (withstand shear forces inside spider),
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| 2) Liquid crystallite lower viscosity (near exit duct/glycine rich may be involved),
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| 3) Insoluble fibre (result of dehydration and drawing).
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| MaSP1 and MaSP2 – Drag line
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| MaSP1-Auxilary
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| MaSP2- Glue silk only
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| Neither- Cocoon silk
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| Super contraction associated with pentamer motif when wet: low visco-elasticity
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| Mimic natural proteins or simplify – Mimic structural significance still uncertain for some sequences
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| DPB1- Optimised for B.subtilis
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| B.subtilis potential host as simple secretion system compared to yeast. Secretion has advantages over expression in E.coli however; insufficient proportion of protein was secreted by yeast.
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| Fahnestock, S. R., Yao, Z., & Bedzyk, L. a. (2000). Microbial production of spider silk proteins. Journal of biotechnology, 74(2), 105-19. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11763501.
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