Team:St Andrews/project/objectives

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<h1> Project Description </h1>
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<li class="current"><a href="https://2010.igem.org/Team:St_Andrews">Home</a></li>
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<li class="current"><a href="https://2010.igem.org/Team:St_Andrews/FAQ">About/FAQ</a>
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<li><a href="https://2010.igem.org/Team:St_Andrews/FAQ#who">Who we are?</a></li>
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=The Problem=
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<li><a>Team</a>
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<li><a href="https://2010.igem.org/Team:St_Andrews/team/members">Students</a>
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<li><a href="https://2010.igem.org/Team:St_Andrews/team/members#Rachael Blackburn">Rachael Blackburn</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://2010.igem.org/Team:St_Andrews/team/members#Lukas Ly">Lukas Ly</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://2010.igem.org/Team:St_Andrews/team/members#Alasdair Morton">Alasdair Morton</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://2010.igem.org/Team:St_Andrews/team/members#Patrick Olden">Patrick Olden</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://2010.igem.org/Team:St_Andrews/team/members#David Owen">David Owen</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://2010.igem.org/Team:St_Andrews/team/members#Fatemeh Salimi">Fatemeh Salimi</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://2010.igem.org/Team:St_Andrews/team/members#Sarah Shapiro">Sarah Shapiro</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://2010.igem.org/Team:St_Andrews/team/members#James Taylor">James Taylor</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://2010.igem.org/Team:St_Andrews/team/members#Jonathan Ward">Jonathan Ward</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://2010.igem.org/Team:St_Andrews/team/advisors">Advisors</a>
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<li><a href="https://2010.igem.org/Team:St_Andrews/team/advisors#Chris Hooley">Chris Hooley</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://2010.igem.org/Team:St_Andrews/team/advisors#Olivia Mendivil">Olivia Mendivil</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://2010.igem.org/Team:St_Andrews/team/advisors#John Mitchell">John Mitchell</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://2010.igem.org/Team:St_Andrews/team/advisors#Anne Smith">Anne Smith</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://2010.igem.org/Team:St_Andrews/team/advisors#Wim Verleyen">Wim Verleyen</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://2010.igem.org/Team:St_Andrews/official">Official Team Profile</a></li>
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</li>
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<li><a>Project</a>
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<li><a href="https://2010.igem.org/Team:St_Andrews/project/objectives">Objectives</a></li>
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<li><a <!--href="https://2010.igem.org/Team:St_Andrews/project/laboratory"-->Laboratory</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://2010.igem.org/Team:St_Andrews/project/modelling">Modelling</a>
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<li><a href="https://2010.igem.org/Team:St_Andrews/project/modelling#introduction">Introduction</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://2010.igem.org/Team:St_Andrews/project/modelling#bonnet">Under the Bonnet</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://2010.igem.org/Team:St_Andrews/project/modelling#overview">Basic Overview</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://2010.igem.org/Team:St_Andrews/project/modelling#results">Results</a></li>
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<li><a <!--href="https://2010.igem.org/Team:St_Andrews/project/notebook"-->Notebook</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://2010.igem.org/Team:St_Andrews/team/sponsors#Wellcome Trust">Wellcome Trust</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://2010.igem.org/Team:St_Andrews/team/sponsors#New England Biolabs">New England Biolabs</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://2010.igem.org/Team:St_Andrews/team/sponsors#Fermentas">Fermentas</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://2010.igem.org/Team:St_Andrews/team/sponsors#Mr Gene">Mr Gene</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://2010.igem.org/Team:St_Andrews/team/sponsors#University of St Andrews">University of St Andrews</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://2010.igem.org/Team:St_Andrews/team/sponsors#SULSA">SULSA</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://2010.igem.org/Team:St_Andrews/team/sponsors#SALTIRE">SALTIRE</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://2010.igem.org/Team:St_Andrews/team/sponsors#School of Biology">School of Biology</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://2010.igem.org/Team:St_Andrews/team/sponsors#School of Chemistry">School of Chemistry</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://2010.igem.org/Team:St_Andrews/team/sponsors#School of Physics and Astronomy">School of Physics and Astronomy</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://2010.igem.org/Team:St_Andrews/team/sponsors#School of Computer Science">School of Computer Science</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://2010.igem.org/Team:St_Andrews/team/sponsors#B. Jannettas">B. Jannettas</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://2010.igem.org/Team:St_Andrews/project">Project</a></li>
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<li>Objectives</li>
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The Problem
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The St Andrews iGEM team plan is to do something useful with quorum sensing – the method by which bacteria make decisions in a cell density dependent manner. They do this by secreting autoinducer molecules, which diffuse back into the cells and regulate their own biosynthesis. Certain concentrations of autoinducer represent to a bacterium an amount of fellow-bacteria in the environment and the response is activation or deactivation of a set of genes.
The St Andrews iGEM team plan is to do something useful with quorum sensing – the method by which bacteria make decisions in a cell density dependent manner. They do this by secreting autoinducer molecules, which diffuse back into the cells and regulate their own biosynthesis. Certain concentrations of autoinducer represent to a bacterium an amount of fellow-bacteria in the environment and the response is activation or deactivation of a set of genes.
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We are interested in the quorum sensing system of Vibrio cholerae, the bacterium understood to be responsible for the deadly diarrhoeal disease, <dfn>cholera</dfn>. <dfn>Cholera</dfn> is extremely rare in the developed world, but in areas with poor sanitation it affects people who drink unsafe water. Young children are the most at risk, and left untreated death can occur by dehydration. According to the WHO, cholera kills between 100,000 and 120,000 people every year. Efforts have been made towards an effective cholera vaccine suitable for young children, but they have not yet been successful. It is now suggested that synthetic probiotic bacteria could be a safe and economical way to confer resistance to cholera.
 
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We are interested in the quorum sensing system of Vibrio cholerae, the bacterium understood to be responsible for the deadly diarrhoeal disease, cholera. Cholera is extremely rare in the developed world, but in areas with poor sanitation it affects people who drink unsafe water. Young children are the most at risk, and left untreated death can occur by dehydration. According to the WHO, cholera kills between 100,000 and 120,000 people every year. Efforts have been made towards an effective cholera vaccine suitable for young children, but they have not yet been successful. It is now suggested that synthetic probiotic bacteria could be a safe and economical way to confer resistance to cholera.
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Quorum Sensing in <dfn>Vibrio cholerae</dfn>
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Most <dfn>cholera</dfn> cells are killed off by stomach acid, but those that remain alive attach to the gut wall and multiply. At this low cell density, autoinducer concentration is low, and virulence factors are expressed. Once high cell density is reached, enough toxin is present to cause severe diarrhoea. At this point, the autoinducer concentration is high, and virulence factors are repressed. The now avirulent V. Cholerae detach from the gut wall and are flushed out of the body to infect a new host.
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Our idea is to synthesise <dfn>Escherichia coli</dfn> bacteria that will use this ingenious mechanism to communicate with <dfn>Vibrio cholerae</dfn>. Our engineered <dfn>Escherichia coli</dfn> will harmlessly colonise the gut, and in large numbers secrete the cholera autoinducer, CAI-1. This will cause an immediate high autoinducer concentration to be detected by incoming <dfn>Vibrio cholerae</dfn> cells which then become avirulent and harmlessly pass out of the body.
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=Quorum Sensing in Vibrio cholerae=
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Most cholera cells are killed off by stomach acid, but those that remain alive attach to the gut wall and multiply. At this low cell density, autoinducer concentration is low, and virulence factors are expressed. Once high cell density is reached, enough toxin is present to cause severe diarrhoea. At this point, the autoinducer concentration is high, and virulence factors are repressed. The now avirulent Vibrio cholerae detach from the gut wall and are flushed out of the body to infect a new host.
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Our idea is to synthesise Escherichia coli bacteria that will use this ingenious mechanism to communicate with Vibrio cholerae. Our engineered Escherichia coli will harmlessly colonise the gut, and in large numbers secrete the cholera autoinducer, CAI-1. This will cause an immediate high autoinducer concentration to be detected by incoming Vibrio cholerae cells which then become avirulent and harmlessly pass out of the body.
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=Our Plan=
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Our Plan
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The wet work will focus on two challenges. The first being to add new functionality to the signalling parts present in the registry by re-engineering the existing <dfb>LuxR</dfn> quorum sensing system to create a bistable switch. This will allow us to infer a signalling molecule concentration required to deactivate the system much lower than the concentration required to activate it. We will characterise this system by using a fluorescent protein reporter and measuring fluorescence at different cell densities. The second challenge will be adding the cholera autoinducer synthase gene CqsA to <dfn>Escherichia coli</dfn> so that CAI-1 is secreted. The eventual aim is that the bistable switching system will be used to control CqsA expression, so that the ability to compete with other bacteria in the human gut is not compromised by this metabolic burden.
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The computational side of the team are focusing on generating ordinary differential equations to model quorum sensing in <dfn>Vibrio cholerae</dfn> and on modelling more complex problems such as bistability and multiple quorum loops working in tandem of our parts.
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The wet work will focus on two challenges.
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The first being to add new functionality to the signalling parts present in the registry by re-engineering the existing LuxR quorum sensing system to create a bistable switch. This will allow us to infer a signalling molecule concentration required to deactivate the system much lower than the concentration required to activate it. We will characterise this system by using a fluorescent protein reporter and measuring fluorescence at different cell densities.
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The second challenge will be adding the cholera autoinducer synthase gene CqsA to Escherichia coli so that CAI-1 is secreted. The eventual aim is that the bistable switching system will be used to control CqsA expression, so that the ability to compete with other bacteria in the human gut is not compromised by this metabolic burden.
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The computational side of the team are focusing on generating ordinary differential equations to model quorum sensing in Vibrio cholerae and on modelling more complex problems such as bistability and multiple quorum loops working in tandem of our parts.

Revision as of 16:59, 4 September 2010


St Andrews from East Sands

University of St Andrews iGEM 2010

Welcome!

The Saints

University of St Andrews iGEM 2010

Our first year at iGEM!


Project Description

The Problem

The St Andrews iGEM team plan is to do something useful with quorum sensing – the method by which bacteria make decisions in a cell density dependent manner. They do this by secreting autoinducer molecules, which diffuse back into the cells and regulate their own biosynthesis. Certain concentrations of autoinducer represent to a bacterium an amount of fellow-bacteria in the environment and the response is activation or deactivation of a set of genes.

We are interested in the quorum sensing system of Vibrio cholerae, the bacterium understood to be responsible for the deadly diarrhoeal disease, cholera. Cholera is extremely rare in the developed world, but in areas with poor sanitation it affects people who drink unsafe water. Young children are the most at risk, and left untreated death can occur by dehydration. According to the WHO, cholera kills between 100,000 and 120,000 people every year. Efforts have been made towards an effective cholera vaccine suitable for young children, but they have not yet been successful. It is now suggested that synthetic probiotic bacteria could be a safe and economical way to confer resistance to cholera.

Quorum Sensing in Vibrio cholerae

Most cholera cells are killed off by stomach acid, but those that remain alive attach to the gut wall and multiply. At this low cell density, autoinducer concentration is low, and virulence factors are expressed. Once high cell density is reached, enough toxin is present to cause severe diarrhoea. At this point, the autoinducer concentration is high, and virulence factors are repressed. The now avirulent Vibrio cholerae detach from the gut wall and are flushed out of the body to infect a new host. Our idea is to synthesise Escherichia coli bacteria that will use this ingenious mechanism to communicate with Vibrio cholerae. Our engineered Escherichia coli will harmlessly colonise the gut, and in large numbers secrete the cholera autoinducer, CAI-1. This will cause an immediate high autoinducer concentration to be detected by incoming Vibrio cholerae cells which then become avirulent and harmlessly pass out of the body.

Our Plan

The wet work will focus on two challenges.

The first being to add new functionality to the signalling parts present in the registry by re-engineering the existing LuxR quorum sensing system to create a bistable switch. This will allow us to infer a signalling molecule concentration required to deactivate the system much lower than the concentration required to activate it. We will characterise this system by using a fluorescent protein reporter and measuring fluorescence at different cell densities. The second challenge will be adding the cholera autoinducer synthase gene CqsA to Escherichia coli so that CAI-1 is secreted. The eventual aim is that the bistable switching system will be used to control CqsA expression, so that the ability to compete with other bacteria in the human gut is not compromised by this metabolic burden. The computational side of the team are focusing on generating ordinary differential equations to model quorum sensing in Vibrio cholerae and on modelling more complex problems such as bistability and multiple quorum loops working in tandem of our parts.

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