Team:WITS-South Africa

From 2010.igem.org

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Our project attempts to create an artificial biological system to detect a pathogen, namely human papillomavirus (HPV.)
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<strong>Project description<strong/><p>
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The development of a whole-cell biosensor for the immediate, in vivo detection of Human Papillomavirus (HPV), in the form of an engineered commensal vaginal bacterium. This mechanism would be safe, low-cost and easily administrable; and is intended primarily for women in resource-poor settings.
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The link between HPV and cervical cancer is well-established. Although much progress has been made in developing a vaccine, the vaccines that are currently available have some limitations (mainly due to high cost, inadequate accessibility) in their ability to prevent disease burden in developing countries, where 80% of cervical cancer deaths occur annually.<p>
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This inspired the search for a method of detecting the virus that will not only alert the infected individual in a discreet yet persistent manner but has the ability to neutralise the virus and prevent the infection from spreading.  Basically, the machine that we wish to design will be able to detect an infectious agent, inform neighbouring bacteria - as well as the host - as to the presence of that pathogen and  produce a neutralising molecule. <p>
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The chassis of the machine, Lactobacillus gasseri, is a predominant commensal vaginal microbe and is ideally situated to detect and deter HPV. Interbacterial communication is achieved by quorum sensing, which has been studied in detail in various organisms such as gram positive bacilli and thus we have elected to use one of these pathways as the means of propagating the response signal throughout the population. The greatest challenge facing us is primarily the mechanism of specifically identifying HPV - ideally through a receptor unique to HPV, resulting in the intracellular activation of our circuitry. Currently, this form of direct recognition and reaction to a virus does not exist in bacteria and introduction of this mechanism into bacteria has never been achieved.
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Revision as of 11:57, 15 July 2010


Synthetic biology
Synthetic biology is a revolutionary, dynamic field resulting from the fusion of engineering and molecular biology that has the potential to impact many facets of society. It is an inter-disciplinary field involving chemists, biologists, engineers, physicists, mathematicians, computer scientists and even philosophers. This dynamic field can also be defined as the use of artificial molecules to reproduce emergent behaviour from natural biology, with the goal of creating artificial life forms or otherwise to seek interchangeable biological parts with the intention of assembling them into devices or systems that function in a manner not found in nature (Shmidt). Because humans are living, biological entities - the greatest benefits of synthetic biology may result from its application to medicine.
 


Project description

The development of a whole-cell biosensor for the immediate, in vivo detection of Human Papillomavirus (HPV), in the form of an engineered commensal vaginal bacterium. This mechanism would be safe, low-cost and easily administrable; and is intended primarily for women in resource-poor settings. The link between HPV and cervical cancer is well-established. Although much progress has been made in developing a vaccine, the vaccines that are currently available have some limitations (mainly due to high cost, inadequate accessibility) in their ability to prevent disease burden in developing countries, where 80% of cervical cancer deaths occur annually.

This inspired the search for a method of detecting the virus that will not only alert the infected individual in a discreet yet persistent manner but has the ability to neutralise the virus and prevent the infection from spreading. Basically, the machine that we wish to design will be able to detect an infectious agent, inform neighbouring bacteria - as well as the host - as to the presence of that pathogen and produce a neutralising molecule.

The chassis of the machine, Lactobacillus gasseri, is a predominant commensal vaginal microbe and is ideally situated to detect and deter HPV. Interbacterial communication is achieved by quorum sensing, which has been studied in detail in various organisms such as gram positive bacilli and thus we have elected to use one of these pathways as the means of propagating the response signal throughout the population. The greatest challenge facing us is primarily the mechanism of specifically identifying HPV - ideally through a receptor unique to HPV, resulting in the intracellular activation of our circuitry. Currently, this form of direct recognition and reaction to a virus does not exist in bacteria and introduction of this mechanism into bacteria has never been achieved.



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