Team:TU Delft/Project/alkane-degradation/results

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Alkane Degradation Results & Conclusions

Figure 1. – Schematic description of the alkane degradation pathway with the corresponding genes.

Characterization of the alkane hydroxylase system (AlkB2-system)

From the ratios hexadecane/undecane obtained from GC chromatograms, we may conclude that the samples obtained from the E.coli strain, carrying the AH system, contain relatively less octane than the control strain. By comparing peak ratios we were able to estimate the specific enzymatic activity of the system, which was found to be 0.045 U/mg.

For more information about our findings, read the detailed alkane hydroxylase results page.

Figure 2. Enzyme activity [U/mg total protein] of alkane hydroxylase system as compared to the negative control E.coli K12 strain

Characterization of the long-chain alkane monooxygenase (LadA)

The analysis of the obtained GC graphs allowed us to estimate the enzymatic activity. We observed a significant increase in enzyme activity in the strains carrying the ladA protein generator compared to the negative control strain. The highest enzyme activity value was found to be 3.33E-03 U/mg protein. In order to know more about the characterization of this system, read the detailed LadA results page.

Figure 3. Enzyme activity [U/mg lysate] of the alkane monooxygenase LadA as compared to the negative control E.coli K12 strain

Characterization of Alcohol Dehydrogenase (ADH)

According to our results, the E. coli cell extract has a dodecanol-1 dehydrogenase activity of 9.64e-12 kat/mg (0.58 mU/mg); whereas our recombinant strain expressing the Biobrick [http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_K398018 BBa_K398018] has an activity of 2.93e-11 kat/mg (1.76 mU/mg), an improvement of 2-fold compared to the wild type activity; which also means 3% of the activity of the positive control Pseudomonas putida.

If you are interested in knowing more about our findings, read the detailed ADH results page.

Figure 4. Comparison between E. coli ADH activity and our recombinant strain.

Characterization of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH)

Our results suggest that the recombinant strains E. coli 029A and E. coli 030A functionally express our biobricks. The expression of ALDH under the promoter-rbs combination [http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_J13002 BBa_J23100]-[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_J13002 BBa_J61117] increases the dodecanal dehydrogenase activity in E. coli cell extracts 2-fold; whereas the expression of the same protein using the part [http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_J13002 BBa_J13002] as promoter-rbs combo increases the same activity 3-fold.

Moreover, the enzymatic activities measured for the constructs [http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_K398029 BBa_K398029] and [http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_K398030 BBa_K398030] were equivalent to 33.98% and 42.01% of the Pseudomonas putida aldehyde dehydrogenase activity, respectively.

If you want to know more about of our findings, read the detailed ALDH results page.

It is worthy to mention that our part expresses the protein in a lower amount, meaning that cells express a highly active protein. Thus the cellular resources are spent in a more efficient way than in the strain that overproduces ALDH.

Figure 5. Comparison of ALDH activities in the different strains tested in this study

References

Kato T. et al. "Gene cloning and characterization of an aldehyde dehydrogenase from long-chain alkane-degrading Geobacillus thermoleovorans B23" Extremophiles (2010) 14:33-39.
http://mbel.kaist.ac.kr/lab/research/protein_en1.html
Hoffmann F. and Rinas U. "Stress Induced by Recombinant Protein Production in Escherichia coli" Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology, 2004, Vol. 89/2004, pp. 73-92.

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 <html><center><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2010/0/00/TU_Delft_project_navigation.jpg" usemap="#projectnavigation" border="0" /></center><map id="projectnavigation" name="projectnavigation"><area shape="rect" alt="Characterization" title="" coords="309,3,591,45" href="https://2010.igem.org/Team:TU_Delft#page=Project/alkane-degradation/characterization" target="" /><area shape="rect" alt="Results" title="" coords="609,3,891,44" href="https://2010.igem.org/Team:TU_Delft#page=Project/alkane-degradation/results" target="" /><area shape="rect" alt="Parts" title="" coords="9,3,290,44" href="https://2010.igem.org/Team:TU_Delft#page=Project/alkane-degradation/parts" target="" /></map></html>
 ==Alkane Degradation Results & Conclusions==
-[[Image:TUDelft_Alkane_degradation_route.png|600px|thumb|center|'''Figure 1''' – Schematic description of the alkane degradation pathway with the corresponding genes.]]
+[[Image:TUDelft_Alkane_degradation_route.png|600px|thumb|center|'''Figure 1.''' – Schematic description of the alkane degradation pathway with the corresponding genes.]]
-===Characterization of the alkane hydroxylase system===
+===[https://2010.igem.org/Team:TU_Delft/Project/alkane-degradation/results/alkane_hydroxylase Characterization of the alkane hydroxylase system (AlkB2-system)]===
-===Characterization of the long-chain alkane monooxygenase; LadA===
-====Enzyme activity assay based on NADH absorbance====
-Curves of the NADH absorbance for the blank, negative control and strains of interest displayed no significant differences, thus this method was abandoned. The reason for this could be explained by a lack of cofactors, a substrate diffusion limitation or even substrate inhibition.
-====Enzyme activity assay based on GC-analysis====
-Our enzyme activity [https://2010.igem.org/Team:TU_Delft#page=Notebook/protocols&anchor=Enzyme_activity_assay_for_LadA_by_GC protocol] for LadA was loosely based an article by Maeng et al,1996. Homogenization of the alkane in the 50mM Tris buffer was achieved by adding Triton-X100, boiling and sonication. After 12 hours the residual alkane was extracted using EtOAc.
-The following are typical examples of the chromatographs obtained:
-<html><span style="display:block;width:100%;clear:both;"> </span></html>
-[[Image:TUDelft_Blank C-16.png|400px|thumb|left|Chromatograph of blank containing hexadecane]]
-[[Image:TUDelft_J13.png|400px|left|thumb|Chromatograph of the negative control for the enzyme kinetics of the alkane monooxygenase. The negative control consisted of ''E.coli'' K12 carrying [http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_J13002 BBa_J13002] in pSB1A2.]]
+From the ratios hexadecane/undecane obtained from GC chromatograms, we may conclude that the samples obtained from the ''E.coli'' strain, carrying the AH system, contain relatively less octane than the control strain. By comparing peak ratios we were able to estimate the specific enzymatic activity of the system, which was found to be 0.045 U/mg.
-[[Image:TUDelft_017-7.png|400px|left|thumb|Chromatograph of sample obtained from ''E.coli'' K12 carrying [http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_K398017 BBa_K398017] in pSB1A2.]]
+For more information about our findings, read the [[Team:TU_Delft/Project/alkane-degradation/results/alkane_hydroxylase|detailed alkane hydroxylase results]] page.
-[[Image:TUDelft_027.png|400px|left|thumb|Chromatograph of sample obtained from ''E.coli'' TOP10 carrying [http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_K398027 BBa_K398027] in pSB1A2.]]
+[[Image:TUDelft_AlkB2_Total.png|600px|thumb|center|'''Figure 2.''' Enzyme activity [U/mg total protein] of alkane hydroxylase system as compared to the negative control ''E.coli'' K12 strain]]
-<html><span style="display:block;width:100%;clear:both;"> </span></html>
+===[https://2010.igem.org/Team:TU_Delft/Project/alkane-degradation/results/LadA Characterization of the long-chain alkane monooxygenase (LadA)]===
-The peaks shown in the chromatographs belong to the following compounds:
+The analysis of the obtained GC graphs allowed us to estimate the enzymatic activity. We observed a significant increase in enzyme activity in the strains carrying the ladA protein generator compared to the negative control strain. The highest enzyme activity value was found to be 3.33E-03 U/mg protein. In order to know more about the characterization of this system, read the [[Team:TU_Delft/Project/alkane-degradation/results/LadA|detailed LadA results]] page.
-{| style="color:black; background-color:white;" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" border="1"
-|<b>Retention time [min]</b>
-|<b>Compound</b>
-|-
-|~2.2
-|Ethyl acetate (solvent)
-|-
-|~11.8
-|Undecane (internal standard, 0.1% v/v of solvent)
-|-
-|~20.0
-|Hexadecane (substrate)
-|-
-|}
-The analysis of the GC graphs was analogous to that of the AH system, described above. We made use of the internal standards present in each sample to determine the ratio of the surface areas of hexadecane vs. internal standard. These ratios can be related to the amounts of hexadecane added to eventually estimate the enzymatic activity. The following table displays the average ratios found and the enzyme activity estimates. Strains numbers 1 and 2 are two positive colonies taken from the same plate.
+[[Image:TUDelft_LadA Total.png|600px|thumb|center|'''Figure 3.''' Enzyme activity [U/mg lysate] of the alkane monooxygenase LadA as compared to the negative control ''E.coli'' K12 strain]]
-{| style="color:black; background-color:white;" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" border="1"
+===[https://2010.igem.org/Team:TU_Delft/Project/alkane-degradation/results/ADH Characterization of Alcohol Dehydrogenase (ADH)]===
-|<b>Strain</b>
+According to our results, the ''E. coli'' cell extract has a dodecanol-1 dehydrogenase activity of 9.64e-12 kat/mg (0.58 mU/mg); whereas our recombinant strain expressing the Biobrick  [http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_K398018 BBa_K398018] has an activity of 2.93e-11 kat/mg (1.76 mU/mg), an improvement of 2-fold compared to the wild type activity; which also means 3% of the activity of the positive control ''Pseudomonas putida''.
-|<b>Average ratio hexadecane/undecane</b>
-|<b>Standard deviation [%]</b>
-|<b>Hexadecane converted [umol]</b>
-|<b>Protein [mg]</b>
-|<b>Enzymatic activity [U/mg protein]
-|-
-|Blank
-|0.900
-|3.19
-|0.00
-|0.00
-|0.00
-|-
-|''E.coli'' K12 negative control ([http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_J13002 J13002])
-|0.807
-|3.48
-|1.76
-|4.46
-|5.49E-04
-|-
-|''E.coli'' K12 strain #1 ([http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_K398017 K398017])
-|0.600
-|15.4
-|5.68
-|4.58
-|1.72E-03
-|-
-|''E.coli'' K12 strain #2 ([http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_K398017 K398017])
-|0.532
-|4.25
-|6.95
-|3.18
-|3.03E-03
-|-
-|''E.coli'' TOP10 strain ([http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_K398027 K398027])
-|0.492
-|2.98
-|7.71
-|3.22
-|3.33E-03
-|}
-====Conclusions====
+If you are interested in knowing more about our findings, read the [[Team:TU_Delft/Project/alkane-degradation/results/ADH|detailed ADH results]] page.
-LadA was characterized succesfully using an enzyme kinetics assay coupled to gas chromatography. We see a significant increase in enzyme activity in the strains carrying the ladA protein generator BioBrick compared to the negative control strain. The highest enzyme activity value was found to be 3.33E-03 U/mg protein compared to 0.55E-03 of the negative control strain.
-Further studies into the enzymatic activity needed to sustain growth could be performed in future. This will give us information on the implementation of this BioBrick into our complete alkane degradation chassis.
-===[https://2010.igem.org/Team:TU_Delft/Project/alkane-degradation/results/ADH Characterization of the Alcohol DeHydrogenase (ADH) system]===
+[[Image:TUDelftADH_final.jpg|600px|thumb|center|'''Figure 4.''' Comparison between E. coli ADH activity and our recombinant strain. ]]
-===[https://2010.igem.org/Team:TU_Delft/Project/alkane-degradation/results/ALDH Characterization of the ALdehyde DeHydrogenase system]===
+===[https://2010.igem.org/Team:TU_Delft/Project/alkane-degradation/results/ALDH Characterization of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH)]===
+Our results suggest that the recombinant strains ''E. coli'' 029A and ''E. coli'' 030A functionally express our biobricks. The expression of ALDH under the promoter-rbs combination [http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_J13002 BBa_J23100]-[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_J13002 BBa_J61117] increases the dodecanal dehydrogenase activity in ''E. coli'' cell extracts 2-fold; whereas the expression of the same protein using the part [http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_J13002 BBa_J13002] as promoter-rbs combo increases the same activity 3-fold.
-====USEFUL LITERATURE AND REFERENCES====
+Moreover, the enzymatic activities measured for the constructs [http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_K398029 BBa_K398029] and [http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_K398030 BBa_K398030] were equivalent to 33.98% and 42.01% of the ''Pseudomonas putida'' aldehyde dehydrogenase activity, respectively.
+If you want to know more about of our findings, read the [[Team:TU_Delft/Project/alkane-degradation/results/ALDH|detailed ALDH results]] page.
+It is worthy to mention that our part expresses the protein in a lower amount, meaning that cells express a highly active protein. Thus the cellular resources are spent in a more efficient way than in the strain that overproduces ALDH.
+[[Image:TUDelftALDH_final.jpg|600px|thumb|center|'''Figure 5.''' Comparison of ALDH activities in the different strains tested in this study]]
+===References===
 #Kato T. et al. "Gene cloning and characterization of an aldehyde dehydrogenase from long-chain alkane-degrading ''Geobacillus thermoleovorans'' B23" Extremophiles (2010) 14:33-39.
 #http://mbel.kaist.ac.kr/lab/research/protein_en1.html