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Team:Cambridge/ProjectBioluminescence/Luciferase/WikiGeneticsLuxCDABE
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(→The Genetics of the Vibrio Lux operon - a short introduction (adapted from wikipedia)) |
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| - | + | =The Genetics of the Vibrio Lux operon - a short introduction (adapted from wikipedia)= | |
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(Meighen, 1991) | (Meighen, 1991) | ||
| - | [[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC372803/?tool=pubmed|Molecular biology of bacterial bioluminescence, Meighen, 1991]] - a very complete article on the nature of bioluminescence in this system | + | [[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC372803/?tool=pubmed|Molecular biology of bacterial bioluminescence, Meighen, 1991]] - a very complete article on the nature of bioluminescence in this system. |
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| + | ==Operon Structure== | ||
| + | |||
| + | * LuxCDABE => Emission system | ||
| + | * LuxRI => Regulation system (several external and intrinsic factors appear to induce and inhibit the transcription of this gene set) | ||
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| + | |||
| + | The lux operon has a known gene sequence of luxCDAB(F)E: | ||
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lux A and lux B code for the components of luciferase | lux A and lux B code for the components of luciferase | ||
lux CDE codes for a fatty acid reductase complex that makes the fatty acids necessary for the luciferase mechanism: | lux CDE codes for a fatty acid reductase complex that makes the fatty acids necessary for the luciferase mechanism: | ||
| - | Lux C codes for the enzyme acyl-reductase | + | *Lux C codes for the enzyme acyl-reductase |
| - | lux D codes for acyl-transferase | + | *lux D codes for acyl-transferase |
| - | lux E makes the proteins needed for the enzyme acyl-protein synthetase. | + | *lux E makes the proteins needed for the enzyme acyl-protein synthetase. |
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| + | ==Luciferase== | ||
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| + | Luciferase produces blue/green light through the oxidation of reduced flavin mononucleotide and a long chain aldehyde by diatomic oxygen. | ||
| - | + | Reaction: | |
| - | Reaction: | + | FMNH2 + O2 + R-CHO ------> FMN + R-COOH + H2O + Light (Silverman et al, 1984) |
| - | FMNH2 + O2 + R-CHO ------> FMN + R-COOH + H2O + Light (Silverman et al, 1984) | + | |
In order to generate the aldehyde needed in the reaction above, three additional enzymes are needed. | In order to generate the aldehyde needed in the reaction above, three additional enzymes are needed. | ||
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R-COOH is reduced by a two-enzyme system to an adehyde. | R-COOH is reduced by a two-enzyme system to an adehyde. | ||
| - | Reaction: | + | Reaction: |
| - | R-COOH + ATP + NADPH ------> R-CHO + AMP + PPi + NADP+ (Winfrey et al., 1997). | + | R-COOH + ATP + NADPH ------> R-CHO + AMP + PPi + NADP+ (Winfrey et al., 1997). |
Although the lux operon encodes the enzymes necessary for the bacteria to glow, bioluminescence is regulated by autoinduction and quorum sensing. | Although the lux operon encodes the enzymes necessary for the bacteria to glow, bioluminescence is regulated by autoinduction and quorum sensing. | ||
Revision as of 15:27, 19 July 2010
The Genetics of the Vibrio Lux operon - a short introduction (adapted from wikipedia)
(Meighen, 1991) [biology of bacterial bioluminescence, Meighen, 1991] - a very complete article on the nature of bioluminescence in this system.
Operon Structure
- LuxCDABE => Emission system
- LuxRI => Regulation system (several external and intrinsic factors appear to induce and inhibit the transcription of this gene set)
The lux operon has a known gene sequence of luxCDAB(F)E:
lux A and lux B code for the components of luciferase
lux CDE codes for a fatty acid reductase complex that makes the fatty acids necessary for the luciferase mechanism:
- Lux C codes for the enzyme acyl-reductase
- lux D codes for acyl-transferase
- lux E makes the proteins needed for the enzyme acyl-protein synthetase.
Luciferase
Luciferase produces blue/green light through the oxidation of reduced flavin mononucleotide and a long chain aldehyde by diatomic oxygen.
Reaction: FMNH2 + O2 + R-CHO ------> FMN + R-COOH + H2O + Light (Silverman et al, 1984)
In order to generate the aldehyde needed in the reaction above, three additional enzymes are needed. The fatty acids needed for the reaction are pulled out from the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway by the enzyme acyl-transferase.
Acyl-trasferase reacts with acyl-ACP to release R-COOH, a free fatty acid.
R-COOH is reduced by a two-enzyme system to an adehyde.
Reaction: R-COOH + ATP + NADPH ------> R-CHO + AMP + PPi + NADP+ (Winfrey et al., 1997).
Although the lux operon encodes the enzymes necessary for the bacteria to glow, bioluminescence is regulated by autoinduction and quorum sensing.
