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Team:Tokyo-NoKoGen/Project/solubilization
From 2010.igem.org
Introduction
Bitumen is hydrocarbon which adhered to oil sand. Bitumen is consisted of poisonous organic compounds such as naphthalene, phenanthrene, benzopyrene and so on. It is difficult to recycle bitumen as fuels because it is hard to extract target compound from bitumen.
Surfactants enable to solubilize organic compound, but it is difficult to biodegradate artificial surfactants which we usually use. On the other hand, biosurfactants which microbes produce by themselves are able to biodegradate. That is why, biosurfactants are very ecology.
We try to extract organic compound such as naphthalene from bitumen using solubilization device. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is known to produce biosurfactants called as rhamnolipids. Rhamnolipids form micelle with organic compound and micelle were able to solubilize. Then, we cloned RhlA and RhlB genes which are necessary to produce rhamnolopids from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. E. coli was transformed with plasmid involved RhlA or RhlB gene. We tried to construct solubilization device which E. coli encoded rhamnolopids genes.
Objectives
We tried to construct solubilization device and evaluate it.
Due to this device, toxic organic compounds were solubilized and enabled to uptake into E. coli, so toxic organic compounds were able to eliminate from bitumen. In the case of using Eco Tanker, solubilization device makes various compounds solubilized, then, these are enabled to uptake by Eco Tanker.
That is why we hope that this device is applied to bioremediation.
Why is this device needed?
For the first of all, we have to make the target be easily taken up from an mixture. Oil sand is a good example. It is a naturally occurring mixture of sand, clay and several minerals, and bitumen. This bitumen is a material for a usable fuels such as gasoline and diesel, though it is too viscous to produce fuels. One of the solutions is to solubilize a object from a mixture. This is because solubilization system is the first necessary step in Eco Tanker.
What is this device composed inside it?
Transacylase:
RhlA is required to two molecules of β-Hydrocyacyl-ACP to 
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Rhamnosyltransferase:
RhlB is rhamnolipid by the consecutive attachment of rhamnosyl groups. 
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Device component
Our objective construct is as above. We ligate it to pSB1C3 and transform E. coli DH5α.
P(H)const.:
Progress
At first, we cultured P. aeruginosa on agar plates including nutrient broth and we did cloning of the two genes, RhlA and RhlB from the colonies of P. aeruginosa respectively by colony PCR. Secondly, in order to add promoter, RBS and terminator to RhlA or RhlB respectively, we made mega-primer by PCR. Using the primers, we amplified the genes, promoter-RBS-RhlA-terminator and promoter-RBS-RhlB-terminator. After digested by EcoRI and PstI, we ligated the PCR products to
References
1) UrsA. Ochsner et al. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 1994
2) Gloria soberon et al. Appl Microbiol Biotechol 2005
3) Kun Zhu et al. Journal of Bacteriology 2008
