Team:USTC/Project/protein/protein

Part Ⅰ: Fusion Proteins to Identify the Localization of BMC

As stated above, PduA encodes one of the seven shell proteins. In the earlier project, we have successfully linked the genes encoding the seven pdu BMC proteins by two standards and locked them into position within a vector. After transformation of this plasmid into E.coli cells, the resultant strain was grown, induced with IPTG, and incubated overnight. The cells were subsequently analyzed for the production of recombinant proteins by SDS-PAGE and the appearance of microcompartments by electron microscopy.

Through the fusion of GFP or RFP with the shell protein, we can easily observe the localization of BMC and distinguish whether it is right or not. The details of enzyme digestion and ligation can be seen in Fig 1a. We used pduA plasmid as a vector and RFP plasmid as an insert. Through the 4h enzyme digestion of the new standard, we got two expected segments. However, the base pairs of the two segments are not complementary. Thus, when came to the ligation, a linker (10*GS) was used. The functional fusion protein can be seen in Fig 1b.

                          
                            Fig 1a: Ligation of RFP and PduA        
                        
                            Fig 1b: Fusion protein of RFP and PduA

If the BMC is constructed rightly, it can be detected by Western blotting and observed in fluorescence microscopy.

Part Ⅱ: Fusion Proteins for Transportation into BMC

It is reported that a short N-terminal peptide is necessary and sufficient for packing enzymes into the lumen of the BMC. Fusion of the 14, 18 or 64 N-terminal amino acids from PduP to GFP or RFP resulted in their encapsulation within BMCs.

Each fusion protein (PduP[1-14]- GFP, PduP[1-18]- GFP, PduP[1-64]- GFP) was produced by the new standard. Our new standard, as it is stated above, consists of three restriction enzyme cut sites --- SacⅠ(CCTCG)，EarⅠ(CTCTTC) and SapⅠ(GCTCTTC). The details of enzyme digestion and ligation can be seen in Fig 2a. We used GFP plasmid as a vector and P_L plasmid as an insert. Through the 4h enzyme digestion of the new standard, we got two expected segments. However, the base pairs of the two segments are not complementary. Thus, when came to the ligation, a linker (10*GS) was used. The functional fusion protein can be seen in Fig 2b.

 Fig 2a: Ligation of Pdu P_L and GFP 

 Fig 2b: Fusion protein of Pdu P_L and GFP 

When 14/18/64 amino acids from the N terminus of PduP were fused to GFP, the fusion protein was readily detected by Western blotting.

These results, in conjunction with the above studies, indicate that a short region of the N terminus of PduP is necessary and sufficient for packing proteins to the lumen of the BMC.

Part Ⅲ: Fusion Proteins for BMC Purification

As we know that the N-terminal region of PduV plays an important role in directing the protein to the BMC. We combined Pdu V_S, which encodes the 1-98 amino acids of the N terminus pduV protein, with GFP and GST/HIS to localize and purify BMC protein.

The fusion protein (Pdu V_S-GFP) was also produced by the new standard. The details of enzyme digestion and ligation can be seen in Fig 3a. We used GFP plasmid as a vector and V_S plasmid as an insert. Through the 4h enzyme digestion of the new standard, we got two expected segments. However, the base pairs of the two segments are not complementary. Thus, when came to the ligation, a linker (10*GS) was used. The functional fusion protein can be seen in Fig 3b.

 Fig 3a: Ligation of Pdu V_S and GFP 

 Fig 3b: Fusion protein of Pdu V_S and GFP 

GST-tag and HIS-tag are both standard methods for high-throughput protein purification. Compared to GST-tag, we recognized that His-tag is better for protein purification because of the smaller size and less charged. Then we also carried a series of experiments to fulfill both of them. However, with the restrictions of time and many other aspects, we did not finish them.

The recombinant proteins of Pdu V_S and GFP was readily detected by Western blotting and observed by electron microscopy.