From 2010.igem.org

Project Overview

Project overview of E. lemming. This animation illustrates how the molecular mechanism and information processing together create E. lemming.

E. lemming aims to modify the chemotaxis property of E.coli such that, instead of response to a chemical attractant or repellent, the bacterium responds to a light stimulus. Furthermore, this light sensitivity is used to control E.coli’s movement by deciding, at any given time, which type of motion the bacterium will adopt (tumbling or straight run). This leads to a controllable E.coli, which can move to a defined direction, as a result of the combination of tumbling and straight run. The bacteria in the experiment are imaged and, by image processing, the position of a single tracked cell is inferred. By activating a light switch, the user decides whether the bacterium should continue running or should change direction.

Strategy

Setup to control E. lemming movements. An automatized microscope images E. lemming. A connected computer system detects and tracks the cells. The direction of movement of E. lemming is compared to the desired direction defined by the user, e.g. with a joystick. If the direction of movement deviates too much from the desired direction, the digital controller induces tumbling by sending a red light pulse. Otherwise, tumbling is repressed by sending a far-red light pulse.

Information processing on the basis of the E. lemming

Inspired by the video game lemmings we want to navigate an E. coli bacterium across the perilous downs of a micro fluidic chamber. The player observes his bacterium on the screen of a microscope and directs it into any desired direction using a joystick.
Our project is divided in two important parts: creating the E. lemming and establishing controller software as an interface between player and microscope.
The E. lemming relies on a modified chemotactic pathway, which is tunable by light pulses. Mathematical models predicted the best layout of the pathway which was then implemented into E. coli. To learn more about the E. lemming see the E. lemming section.
The controller software assesses the position and the direction the bacterium swims to and processes the input of the player into appropriate light pulses. To learn more about controller software please see the Information Processing section.