http://2010.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:UCSF/Project/Precision&feed=atom&action=historyTeam:UCSF/Project/Precision - Revision history2024-03-28T09:32:23ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.16.5http://2010.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:UCSF/Project/Precision&diff=206412&oldid=prevMaven at 03:00, 28 October 20102010-10-28T03:00:54Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>For our project we have designed two main gates: ANDN and AND gate.</p></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>For our project we have designed two main gates: ANDN and AND gate.</p></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><h4 style="color:black; font-weight:bold;">i. ANDN gate</h4></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><h4 <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">id="andn" </ins>style="color:black; font-weight:bold;">i. ANDN gate</h4></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>In order to understand the ANDN gate, let us set up a hypothetical situation in which antigen A and antigen B are expressed on the membrane surface of healthy cells. Since cancer cells typically discard many surface proteins as a result of genetic mutation, we represent this discarded protein as antigen B in our scenario. Our ANDN gate is designed to address this issue by triggering cytotoxicity in the presence of antigen A and absence of antigen B. Therefore, cancerous cells that express antigen A and “hide” antigen B will be targeted. Healthy cells expressing both antigen A and B will not set off the activation of the ANDN gate. This concept is valuable for ensuring a level of specificity that prevents the overly indiscriminate activation of killer cells.</p><br></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>In order to understand the ANDN gate, let us set up a hypothetical situation in which antigen A and antigen B are expressed on the membrane surface of healthy cells. Since cancer cells typically discard many surface proteins as a result of genetic mutation, we represent this discarded protein as antigen B in our scenario. Our ANDN gate is designed to address this issue by triggering cytotoxicity in the presence of antigen A and absence of antigen B. Therefore, cancerous cells that express antigen A and “hide” antigen B will be targeted. Healthy cells expressing both antigen A and B will not set off the activation of the ANDN gate. This concept is valuable for ensuring a level of specificity that prevents the overly indiscriminate activation of killer cells.</p><br></div></td></tr>
</table>Mavenhttp://2010.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:UCSF/Project/Precision&diff=202328&oldid=prevCpladmin at 00:24, 28 October 20102010-10-28T00:24:58Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p><b>Devices</b>:<br></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p><b>Devices</b>:<br></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>1. <b>ANDN gate</b> - we have successfully developed devices for this type of logic gate, and we have confirmed through testing data their ability to increase precision.<br></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>1. <b>ANDN gate</b> - we have successfully developed devices for this type of logic gate, and we have confirmed through testing data their ability to increase precision.<br></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>2. <b>AND gate</b> - we have <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">successfully built </del>devices for this type of logic gate, and we are now working on optimizing the assay to measure their effects on precision.</p><br></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>2. <b>AND gate</b> - we have <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">constructed potential </ins>devices for this type of logic gate, and we are now working on optimizing the assay to measure their effects on precision.</p><br></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>Cancer cells are prone to overexpressing proteins on their cell surfaces. This fact allows us to detect the presence of cancer cells using AND gates. In our new hypothetical situation, normal cells express either antigen C or antigen D. In contrast, the overproduction characteristic of cancerous cells allows for the expression of both of these proteins <a href="#references">[6]</a>. AND gates are useful in this situation because they become activated only in the presence of two defined antigens. In the case of our new situation, the AND gate will trigger cytotoxicity only in the presence of antigen C and D, a condition that only applies to cancerous cells.</p><br></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>Cancer cells are prone to overexpressing proteins on their cell surfaces. This fact allows us to detect the presence of cancer cells using AND gates. In our new hypothetical situation, normal cells express either antigen C or antigen D. In contrast, the overproduction characteristic of cancerous cells allows for the expression of both of these proteins <a href="#references">[6]</a>. AND gates are useful in this situation because they become activated only in the presence of two defined antigens. In the case of our new situation, the AND gate will trigger cytotoxicity only in the presence of antigen C and D, a condition that only applies to cancerous cells.</p><br></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>Applying the AND gate scenario and concept to the lab, we have <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">manipulated </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">function of </del>activation adaptor DAP10. In normal killer cells, DAP10 recruits two different proteins to two different motifs along its main body when activated. This recruitment will trigger the killing response only when both proteins are present. In order to ensure that killer cells will only kill in the presence of two specific antigens, we used two mutant versions of DAP10, each of which has a different motif that does not allow its complementary protein to bind. Each mutant version is fused to a different extracellular part that recognizes specific antigens on cell surfaces. As a result, when such CARs only recognize one antigen on healthy cells, they will not be able to trigger activation because only one motif is activated. When both CARs bind to both antigens found on cancerous cells, both motifs are able to become activated to induce cell cytotoxicity.</p><br></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>Applying the AND gate scenario and concept to the lab, we have <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">explored using </ins>the activation adaptor DAP10. In normal killer cells, DAP10 recruits two different proteins to two different motifs along its main body when activated. This recruitment will trigger the killing response only when both proteins are present. In order to ensure that killer cells will only kill in the presence of two specific antigens, we used two mutant versions of DAP10, each of which has a different motif that does not allow its complementary protein to bind. Each mutant version is fused to a different extracellular part that recognizes specific antigens on cell surfaces. As a result, when such CARs only recognize one antigen on healthy cells, they will not be able to trigger activation because only one motif is activated. When both CARs bind to both antigens found on cancerous cells, both motifs are able to become activated to induce cell cytotoxicity.</p><br></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>Due to time constraints, we have not been able to evaluate our AND gate design. We could not measure the AND gate’s effect in killer cells using the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">GFP </del>reporter assay <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">described above because DAP10 signaling does not induce NFAT expression</del>. We attempted to test our AND gate using assays directly measuring the level of target cell killing. However, we faced a major technical obstacle that prevented us from obtaining informative results before the summer ended. The technical challenge was that only a small percentage of killer cells expressed the logic gate CARs after transfection. Due to this low transfection efficiency, the vast majority of killer cells used in target cell killing assays did not express our constructs. This was problematic because untransfected killer cells have an innate ability to kill, which produces a high killing background that makes it difficult to pinpoint the killing ability of transfected cells.</p><br><br></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>Due to time constraints, we have not been able to evaluate our AND gate design. We could not measure the AND gate’s effect in killer cells using the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">NFAT promoter </ins>reporter assay. We attempted to test our AND gate using assays directly measuring the level of target cell killing. However, we faced a major technical obstacle that prevented us from obtaining informative results before the summer ended. The technical challenge was that only a small percentage of killer cells expressed the logic gate CARs after transfection. Due to this low transfection efficiency, the vast majority of killer cells used in target cell killing assays did not express our constructs. This was problematic because untransfected killer cells have an innate ability to kill, which produces a high killing background that makes it difficult to pinpoint the killing ability of transfected cells.</p><br><br></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><h3 style="font-weight:bold;">Future Directions</h3></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><h3 style="font-weight:bold;">Future Directions</h3></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>Our <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">immediate </del>goal <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">is </del>to <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">optimize </del>the efficiency for transfecting the killer cells and hopefully to obtain cells stably expressing our logic gate parts. This <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">will </del>allow us to test both the ANDN and AND gate designs directly based on cell killing efficiency with a significantly reduced basal killing level.</p><br><br></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>Our <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">future </ins>goal <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">would be </ins>to <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">increase </ins>the efficiency for transfecting the killer cells <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">(use viral vectors) </ins>and hopefully to obtain cells stably expressing our logic gate parts. This <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">would </ins>allow us to test both the ANDN and AND gate designs directly based on cell killing efficiency with a significantly reduced basal killing level.</p><br><br></div></td></tr>
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</table>Cpladminhttp://2010.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:UCSF/Project/Precision&diff=198242&oldid=prevEthanChan at 22:00, 27 October 20102010-10-27T22:00:31Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><h3>Background information</h3></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><h3 <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">style="font-weight:bold;"</ins>>Background information</h3></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>The modularity of CARs and killer cells’ receptors makes it feasible to create a multitude of recognition systems that function as logic gates in the killer cell. The logic gates should enable engineered killer cells to recognize specific combinations of surface proteins on target cells. Each specific combination of surface proteins acts as the prerequisite to activate a logic gate in order to trigger a killer cell action, which makes recognition a highly precise process. This in turn allows killer cells to distinguish cancer cells from normal cells more effectively because the specific combinations of antigens found only on cancerous cells can be set as logic gate prerequisites to trigger cell activation, whereas the normal cells do not fulfill the prerequisites and are left unharmed.</p><br><br></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>The modularity of CARs and killer cells’ receptors makes it feasible to create a multitude of recognition systems that function as logic gates in the killer cell. The logic gates should enable engineered killer cells to recognize specific combinations of surface proteins on target cells. Each specific combination of surface proteins acts as the prerequisite to activate a logic gate in order to trigger a killer cell action, which makes recognition a highly precise process. This in turn allows killer cells to distinguish cancer cells from normal cells more effectively because the specific combinations of antigens found only on cancerous cells can be set as logic gate prerequisites to trigger cell activation, whereas the normal cells do not fulfill the prerequisites and are left unharmed.</p><br><br></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><h3>Experimental Design and Results</h3></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><h3 <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">style="font-weight:bold;"</ins>>Experimental Design and Results</h3></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>For our project we have designed two main gates: ANDN and AND gate.</p></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>For our project we have designed two main gates: ANDN and AND gate.</p></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>Due to time constraints, we have not been able to evaluate our AND gate design. We could not measure the AND gate’s effect in killer cells using the GFP reporter assay described above because DAP10 signaling does not induce NFAT expression. We attempted to test our AND gate using assays directly measuring the level of target cell killing. However, we faced a major technical obstacle that prevented us from obtaining informative results before the summer ended. The technical challenge was that only a small percentage of killer cells expressed the logic gate CARs after transfection. Due to this low transfection efficiency, the vast majority of killer cells used in target cell killing assays did not express our constructs. This was problematic because untransfected killer cells have an innate ability to kill, which produces a high killing background that makes it difficult to pinpoint the killing ability of transfected cells.</p><br><br></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>Due to time constraints, we have not been able to evaluate our AND gate design. We could not measure the AND gate’s effect in killer cells using the GFP reporter assay described above because DAP10 signaling does not induce NFAT expression. We attempted to test our AND gate using assays directly measuring the level of target cell killing. However, we faced a major technical obstacle that prevented us from obtaining informative results before the summer ended. The technical challenge was that only a small percentage of killer cells expressed the logic gate CARs after transfection. Due to this low transfection efficiency, the vast majority of killer cells used in target cell killing assays did not express our constructs. This was problematic because untransfected killer cells have an innate ability to kill, which produces a high killing background that makes it difficult to pinpoint the killing ability of transfected cells.</p><br><br></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><h3>Future Directions</h3></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><h3 <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">style="font-weight:bold;"</ins>>Future Directions</h3></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>Our immediate goal is to optimize the efficiency for transfecting the killer cells and hopefully to obtain cells stably expressing our logic gate parts. This will allow us to test both the ANDN and AND gate designs directly based on cell killing efficiency with a significantly reduced basal killing level.</p><br><br></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>Our immediate goal is to optimize the efficiency for transfecting the killer cells and hopefully to obtain cells stably expressing our logic gate parts. This will allow us to test both the ANDN and AND gate designs directly based on cell killing efficiency with a significantly reduced basal killing level.</p><br><br></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><h3>References</h3></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><h3 <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">style="font-weight:bold;"</ins>>References</h3></div></td></tr>
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</table>EthanChanhttp://2010.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:UCSF/Project/Precision&diff=186084&oldid=prevMaven at 15:28, 27 October 20102010-10-27T15:28:58Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">h2 </del>style="font-weight:bold;">Greater Precision</<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">h2</del>></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">h3 </ins>style="font-weight:bold;">Greater Precision</<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">h3</ins>></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p><b>Goal</b>: Engineer killer cells to increase their precision in detecting cancer cells.</p><br></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p><b>Goal</b>: Engineer killer cells to increase their precision in detecting cancer cells.</p><br></div></td></tr>
</table>Mavenhttp://2010.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:UCSF/Project/Precision&diff=186062&oldid=prevMaven at 15:28, 27 October 20102010-10-27T15:28:20Z<p></p>
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</table>Mavenhttp://2010.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:UCSF/Project/Precision&diff=186041&oldid=prevMaven at 15:27, 27 October 20102010-10-27T15:27:48Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">h3 </del>style="font-weight:bold;">Greater Precision</<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">h3</del>></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">h2 </ins>style="font-weight:bold;">Greater Precision</<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">h2</ins>></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p><b>Goal</b>: Engineer killer cells to increase their precision in detecting cancer cells.</p><br></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p><b>Goal</b>: Engineer killer cells to increase their precision in detecting cancer cells.</p><br></div></td></tr>
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</table>Mavenhttp://2010.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:UCSF/Project/Precision&diff=176417&oldid=prevZcarmen at 07:56, 27 October 20102010-10-27T07:56:16Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><b><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Figure: </del>Domain structure and function of a chimeric antigen receptor <a href="#references">[4]</a>.</b></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><b>Domain structure and function of a chimeric antigen receptor <a href="#references">[4]</a>.</b></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><b>AND gate design<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">.</del></b></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><b>AND gate design</b></div></td></tr>
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</table>Zcarmenhttp://2010.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:UCSF/Project/Precision&diff=176219&oldid=prevZcarmen at 07:40, 27 October 20102010-10-27T07:40:32Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19172692">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19172692</a></p></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19172692">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19172692</a></p></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>2. <b>Learning how to discriminate between friends and enemies, a lesson from Natural Killer cells.</b></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>2. <b>Learning how to discriminate between friends and enemies, a lesson from Natural Killer cells.</b></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>Bottino C, Moretta L, Pende D, Vitale M, Moretta A.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>Bottino C, Moretta L, Pende D, Vitale M, Moretta A.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>Mol Immunol. 2004 Jul;41(6-7):569-75.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>Mol Immunol. 2004 Jul;41(6-7):569-75.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15219995</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><a href="</ins>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15219995<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15219995</a></p></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><br></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>3. <b>Redirecting T-cell specificity by introducing a tumor-specific chimeric antigen receptor.</b></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>3. <b>Redirecting T-cell specificity by introducing a tumor-specific chimeric antigen receptor.</b></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>Jena B, Dotti G, Cooper LJ.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>Jena B, Dotti G, Cooper LJ.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>Blood. 2010 Aug 19;116(7):1035-44. Epub 2010 May 3.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>Blood. 2010 Aug 19;116(7):1035-44. Epub 2010 May 3.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20439624</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><a href="</ins>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20439624<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20439624</a></p></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><br></ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>4. <b>Chimeric antigen receptor-engineered T cells for immunotherapy of cancer.</b></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>4. <b>Chimeric antigen receptor-engineered T cells for immunotherapy of cancer.</b></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>Cartellieri M, Bachmann M, Feldmann A, Bippes C, Stamova S, Wehner R, Temme A, Schmitz M.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>Cartellieri M, Bachmann M, Feldmann A, Bippes C, Stamova S, Wehner R, Temme A, Schmitz M.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>J Biomed Biotechnol. 2010;2010:956304. Epub 2010 May 5.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>J Biomed Biotechnol. 2010;2010:956304. Epub 2010 May 5.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20467460</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><a href="</ins>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20467460<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20467460</a></p></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><br></ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>5. <b>Dissecting natural killer cell activation pathways through analysis of genetic mutations in human and mouse.</b></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>5. <b>Dissecting natural killer cell activation pathways through analysis of genetic mutations in human and mouse.</b></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>Tassi I, Klesney-Tait J, Colonna M.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>Tassi I, Klesney-Tait J, Colonna M.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>Immunol Rev. 2006 Dec;214:92-105.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>Immunol Rev. 2006 Dec;214:92-105.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17100878</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><a href="</ins>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17100878<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17100878</a></p></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><br></ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>6. <b>Oncogenic stress sensed by the immune system: role of natural killer cell receptors.</b></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>6. <b>Oncogenic stress sensed by the immune system: role of natural killer cell receptors.</b></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>Raulet DH, Guerra N.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>Raulet DH, Guerra N.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>Nat Rev Immunol. 2009 Aug;9(8):568-80.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>Nat Rev Immunol. 2009 Aug;9(8):568-80.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19629084</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><a href="</ins>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19629084<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19629084</a></p></ins></div></td></tr>
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</table>Zcarmenhttp://2010.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:UCSF/Project/Precision&diff=176142&oldid=prevEthanChan at 07:33, 27 October 20102010-10-27T07:33:30Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>1. <b>Formation and function of the lytic NK-cell immunological synapse.</b></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>1. <b>Formation and function of the lytic NK-cell immunological synapse.</b<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">></p</ins>></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>Orange JS.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>Orange JS.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></p></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>Nat Rev Immunol. 2008 Sep;8(9):713-25.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>Nat Rev Immunol. 2008 Sep;8(9):713-25.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></p></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19172692</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><a href="</ins>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19172692<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19172692</a></p></ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>2. <b>Learning how to discriminate between friends and enemies, a lesson from Natural Killer cells.</b></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>2. <b>Learning how to discriminate between friends and enemies, a lesson from Natural Killer cells.</b></div></td></tr>
</table>EthanChanhttp://2010.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:UCSF/Project/Precision&diff=176038&oldid=prevZcarmen at 07:27, 27 October 20102010-10-27T07:27:57Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><h3 style="font-weight:bold;">Greater Precision</h3></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><h3 style="font-weight:bold;">Greater Precision</h3></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p><b>Approach</b>: After discussing our goals for the iGEM project, we have come up with an approach to increase <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the </del>precision <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">of killer cell detection of cancer cells </del>by using:<br></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><p><b>Goal</b>: Engineer killer cells to increase their precision in detecting cancer cells.</p><br></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p><b>Approach</b>: After discussing our goals for the iGEM project, we have come up with an approach to increase precision by using:<br></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>1. CARs that recognize many types of different cancer ligands.<br></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>1. CARs that recognize many types of different cancer ligands.<br></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>2. Logic gating to set higher restrictions on killer cell activation.</p><br></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>2. Logic gating to set higher restrictions on killer cell activation.</p><br></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>1.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>1. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><b>Formation and function of the lytic NK-cell immunological synapse.</b></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>2.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><p>Orange JS.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>3.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><p>Nat Rev Immunol. 2008 Sep;8(9):713-25.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>4.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><p>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19172692</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>5.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><p></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>6.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>2. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><b>Learning how to discriminate between friends and enemies, a lesson from Natural Killer cells.</b></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><p>Bottino C, Moretta L, Pende D, Vitale M, Moretta A.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><p>Mol Immunol. 2004 Jul;41(6-7):569-75.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><p>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15219995</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><p></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>3. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><b>Redirecting T-cell specificity by introducing a tumor-specific chimeric antigen receptor.</b></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><p>Jena B, Dotti G, Cooper LJ.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><p>Blood. 2010 Aug 19;116(7):1035-44. Epub 2010 May 3.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><p>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20439624</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><p></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>4. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><b>Chimeric antigen receptor-engineered T cells for immunotherapy of cancer.</b></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><p>Cartellieri M, Bachmann M, Feldmann A, Bippes C, Stamova S, Wehner R, Temme A, Schmitz M.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><p>J Biomed Biotechnol. 2010;2010:956304. Epub 2010 May </ins>5.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><p>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20467460</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><p></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">5. <b>Dissecting natural killer cell activation pathways through analysis of genetic mutations in human and mouse.</b></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><p>Tassi I, Klesney-Tait J, Colonna M.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><p>Immunol Rev. 2006 Dec;214:92-105.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><p>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17100878</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><p></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>6. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><b>Oncogenic stress sensed by the immune system: role of natural killer cell receptors.</b></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><p>Raulet DH, Guerra N.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><p>Nat Rev Immunol. 2009 Aug;9(8):568-80.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><p>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19629084</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></p></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></p></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
</table>Zcarmen