Team:Kyoto/Project/Goal B

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(Experiment 1 Mesurement of lytic activity of λ Lysis cassette)
(Experiment 2: Measurement of lytic activity with time)
 
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{{:Team:Kyoto/Header}}
{{:Team:Kyoto/Header}}
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==Goal B: Characterization of λ Lysis cassette==
+
==Goal B: Quantitative characterization of λ lysis cassette==
===Introduction===
===Introduction===
-
λ Lysis cassette is a gene that causes cell lysis. In previous iGEM, some teams evaluated the lytic activity of λ Lysis cassette qualitatively. However, when we considered λ Lysis cassette not only as a device of cell lysis but as a device of cell death, we must study about λ Lysis cassette more quantitatively. For example, we must study about when cells die, how many cells die, and the relationship between them and the activity of their promoter.
+
λ lysis cassette is a gene that causes cell lysis. In previous iGEM, some teams evaluated the lytic activity of λ lysis cassette qualitatively. However, the registered parts lack of many informations such as activity or sequence. Thus, the well-characterized lysis cassette provide the simple and reliable cell-death system and will be applied to various circuits. For this reason, we studied about when cells die, how many cells die, and the relationship between them and the activity of its promoter.  
-
[[Image:KyotoFigC004.png|300px]]
+
[[Image:KyotoFigC004.png|300px|center]]
-
To characterize the lytic activity of Λ Lysis cassette quantitatively, we regulate the gene expression of λ Lysis cassette by a lactose promoter, R0011, which we characterized quantitatively by RPU in GoalA. To repress the basal expression of λ Lysis cassette without IPTG as possible, we used pSB4K5, a low copy vector, as a plasmid backbone and used KRX as a host cell. Needless to say, we characterized R0011 in the same experimental condition. For more detailed explanation of the characterization of R0011, go [[Team:Kyoto/Project/Goal A|Goal A]]
+
To characterize lytic activity of λ lysis cassette quantitatively, we regulate the gene expression of λ lysis cassette by a lactose promoter, R0011, which we characterized quantitatively by RPU in GoalA. To repress the basal expression of λ lysis cassette in the absence from IPTG as possible, we used pSB4K5, a low copy vector, as a plasmid backbone and used KRX as a host cell. Needless to say, we characterized R0011 in the same experimental condition. For more detailed explanation of R0011, go [[Team:Kyoto/Project/Goal A|Goal A]].
===Result===
===Result===
-
====Experiment 1 Mesurement of lytic activity of λ Lysis cassette====
+
====Experiment 1: Quantitative measurement of lytic activity of λ lysis cassette====
 +
[[Image:KyotoFigA007.png|300px|right]]
 +
To characterize the lytic activity of λ lysis cassette quantitatively, we had to establish a standard method for a quantitative measurement of cell lysis. We first considered that we could characterize the activities by mesuring OD550 of the cultures after induction of IPTG. However, after preliminary experiments for determination of the measurement condition, we found some facts described below.
 +
*Cultures induced the expression of λ lysis cassette becomes a kind of equilibrium state of cell lysis.
 +
*R0011 is frequently mutated at 37 degrees if it regulates an expression of toxic gene because of natural selection.
 +
*The possibility of mutation become low at 30 degrees, although it still remains a little.
 +
Therefore, we made the following protocol that is suitable to our motivation.
 +
*Pick out three colonies transformed with K358019 and cultivated in supplemented M9 media with certain concentration of IPTG. After incubation of 16h, 18h, 20h, measure OD550 of each culture.
 +
We did the experiment as this [[Team:Kyoto/Protocols#Quantitative measurement of lytic activity of λ lysis cassette | protocol]], we got the following data.
 +
{|
 +
!Incubating
 +
|16h||18h||20h||16h||18h||20h||16h||18h||20h
 +
|-
 +
!Number of colony
 +
|1||1||1||2||2||2||3||3||3
 +
|-
 +
!0mM
 +
|2.13||2.17||2.35||2.05||2.04||2.14||2.22||2.21||2.33
 +
|-
 +
!0.01mM
 +
|2.02||2.01||2.15||1.96||2.23||2.23||2.21||2.07||2.29
 +
|-
 +
!0.02mM
 +
|2.21||2.12||2.16||1.86||1.86||1.95||1.76||1.93||1.71
 +
|-
 +
!0.03mM
 +
|1.44||1.41||1.39||1.70||1.62||1.59||0.82||1.02||0.83
 +
|-
 +
!0.05mM
 +
|0.33||0.25||0.17||0.25||0.25||0.24||0.26||0.33||0.24
 +
|-
 +
!0.07mM
 +
|0.15||0.17||0.23||0.21||0.20||0.23||0.18||0.18||0.19
 +
|-
 +
!0.1mM
 +
|0.13||0.20||0.36||0.20||0.18||0.23||0.17||0.15||0.23
 +
|-
 +
!0.3mM
 +
|0.10||0.21||0.31||0.08||0.11||0.14||0.11||0.07||0.20
 +
|-
 +
!0.5mM
 +
|0.07||0.08||0.10||0.08||0.08||0.09||0.11||0.08||0.25
 +
|-
 +
!0.8mM
 +
|0.25||0.10||0.08||0.29||0.22||0.11||0.18||0.22||0.10
 +
|-
 +
!1.0mM
 +
|0.04||0.15||0.21||0.18||0.27||0.27||0.18||0.06||0.24
 +
|}
-
To characterize the lytic activity of λ Lysis cassette quantitatively, we made another mesurement standared of cell lysis. we considered that we could characterize the lytic activity of λ lysis cassette by mesuring A550 of the cultures after induction of IPTG.However, we did't know the nature of it, so we couldn't characterize λ Lysis cassette quantitatively. As we did some experiences, we earned some facts by try and error.
+
Table 1 OD550 of each culture incubated 16h, 18h, 20h, with various concentration of IPTG. The number of colony indicates which colony the cultures are drived from. The values of OD550 of 16h, 18h, 20h are derived from the same culture with certain concentration of IPTG.
-
・Cultures induced the expression of λ Lysis cassette becomes a kind of equilibrium state of cell lysis.
+
-
・R0011 is very easy to have mutation at 37 if it regulates expression of toxic gene because of natural selection.
+
-
・The possibility of mutation become low at 30, although わずかな変異の可能性はあるが
+
-
Therefore, we made a mesurement standard that is suitacle to our experiment.
+
As Table1 shows, cell lysis seems to be an apparent equilibrium state. Exceptionally, OD550 increases from 16h to 20h when the concentration of IPTG is 0.8mM and 1.0mM. This exceptions seem to be mutated in the region of R0011, so we don't think about this). The value of OD550 in this state depends on the strength of induction of IPTG, thus we define it as LAV(Lytic Activity Value), which indicates the lytic activity of λ lysis cassette quantitatively.  
-
Pick out three colonies that is transformed with  and cultivated in suppemented M9 media with various concentration of IPTG.After incubation of 16h,18h,20h, mesure A550 of each culture.
+
[[Image:KyotofigD001.png|600px|thumb|center|Fig.1 LAV of 18h cultures with various concentration of IPTG. When the concentration of IPTG is from 0.01mM to 0.02mM, LAV decreases mildy. When the concentration of IPTG is from 0.02mM to 0.05mM, LAV decreases dramatically. When the concentration of IPTG is over 0.05mM, OD550 is under 0.3 and doesn't change largely. Green points are the result of 1.0mM and 0.8mM of IPTG. Pink point is a control, the concentration of IPTG is 0mM.]]
-
We did the experiment as this protocol, we got the following data.
+
To analyze the relationship between the lytic activity of λ lysis cassette and RPU, we used the result of characterization of R0011.
-
[[Image:KyotofigD004.png|900px]]
+
[[Image:KyotofigD002.png|600px|thumb|center|Fig.2 LAV vs. RPU. The horizontal axis of Fig. 1 is converted to RPU using the result of [[Team:Kyoto/Project/Goal A|characterization of R0011.]]]]
 +
RPU is relative activity of promoter, so Fig. 2 shows the relationship between the lytic activity of λ lysis cassette and its expression level. The lysis cassette effectively induced cell lysis even when the expression was very repressed (0.2 RPU). Moreover, the activity of the cell lysis has a distinct threshold around 0.1 RPU. In case of the higher induction than 0.2 RPU, the cell populations reached a plateau but not zero.
 +
====Experiment 2: Measurement of lytic activity with time====
 +
To characterize the lytic activity of λ lysis cassette in more detail, we focused on when cell lysis occurs after induction of IPTG. We did the experiment as this [[Team:Kyoto/Protocols#Measurement of lytic activity with time | protocol]], we got the following data
 +
[[Image:KyotoGrp101028-1.png|600px|center]]
-
 
+
[[Image:KyotoPhoto2a.jpg|300px|left]][[Image:KyotoPhoto4a.jpg|300px|left]][[Image:KyotoPhoto7a.jpg|300px]]
-
Table 1 A550 of the cultures incubated 16h, 18h, 20h, in various concentration of IPTG.
+
{{clear}}
-
 
+
Please see our [[Team:Kyoto/Notebook|notebook]]. There is much data about the relationship between cell lysis and the concentration of IPTG.
-
As table1, the cultures surely get to the equilibrium state of cell lysis depending on the cocentration of IPTG, and we considered that the number of A550 have a quantitative of the lytic activity. We adapted to the data of 18h.
+
{{clear}}
-
 
+
[[Image:KyotoGrp101026-1.png|300px]]
-
[[Image:KyotofigD001.png|600px]]
+
-
 
+
-
 
+
-
Fig.1 A550 of 18h cultures with various concentration of IPTG. When the concentration of IPTG is from 0.01mM to 0.02mM, A550 decreases mildy. When the concentration of IPTG is from 0.02mM to 0.05mM, A550 decreases dramatically. When the concentration of IPTG is over 0.05mM, A550 is under 0.3 and doesn't change largely.
+
-
 
+
-
To analize the relationship between the lytic activity of λ Lysis cassette and RPU, we used the result of characterization of R0011.
+
-
 
+
-
[[Image:KyotofigD002.png|600px]]
+
-
 
+
-
 
+
-
Fig.2 Fig.2 is the figures that the horizontal axis of Fig 1 is converted to RPU using the result of characterization of R0011 りんくよろ. RPU is the absolute activity of promoter, so Fig2 shows the relationship between the lytic activity of λ Lysis cassette and the induction of λ Lysis cassette.
+
-
 
+
-
As a result, when the activity of induction is under  RPU, doesn't work and cell lysis doesn't occur. When the activity of Cell lysis is from RPU to RPU, k works and Cell lysis get to an equibrium state. This equibrium state becomes low as the activity of induction becomes high. When the activity of induction is over  RPU, the equibrium state stop to become low and doesn't change largly though the activity of induction become high.
+
-
 
+
-
====Experiment 2 Measurement of lytic activity with time====
+
-
 
+
-
[[Image:KyotofigD003.png|600px]]
+
-
 
+
[[#top-section|^Top]]
[[#top-section|^Top]]
===Discussion===
===Discussion===
-
====Equilibrium state of cell lysis====
+
====Apparent equilibrium state of cell lysis====
-
From the result of our experiment, we think that cell lysis caused by λ Lysis cassette has an equilibrim state depending on the actibity of induction. This idea can adapt to under 0.2 RPU. However, Over 0.2RPU,
+
We performed experiments for models of cell lysis using E.coli transformed with the construction, Plac and lysis cassette on the low copy plasmid. We measured A550 at 16h, 18h and 20h with various IPTG concentrations. Several stochastic models are considered from the unexpected results. Please refer to [[ Team:Kyoto/Modeling#Model2: Cell Lysis | Modeling ]] for further details.
-
the lytic activity doesn't change largely. To explain this phenomena, we make three ideas.
+
-
1 カルチャーの中である細胞死のサイクルが起きている
+
====Condition of promoters for λ lysis cassette====
-
2 The limit which endolyshin can degrade peptideglycan exists
+
We characterized λ lysis cassette quantitatively with RPU. From our data, we determined a condition of activity of promoters. If you want to make inducible systems of cell lysis which use λ lysis cassete, the condition is as follows: the minimum activity is under 0.1 RPU and the maximum activity is over 0.2 RPU. Promoters that meet this condition can be applied to λ lysis cassette.
-
+
-
詳しくはモデルで
+
-
====Possibility of a system controlling cell populatiuon====
+
====Initiation of cell lysis====
-
Cell lysis caused by λ Lysis cassette becomes an equilibrium state depending on the induction. This fact suggests another potential of λ Lysis cassette, a system controlling cell population. We make a gene circuit that expresses λ Lysis cassette consutitutively or inducibly, and E.coli transformed with the circuit get to an  equilibrium state of cell lysis and the cell population is a specific number. By changing the strength of expression, we can controll this state as we want.
+
We measured the time of Initiation of cell lysis for different concentration of IPTG. From our data, the higher concentration of IPTG is the earlier cell lyses. We can regulate the timing of initiation of cell lysis by controlling concentration of IPTG.
-
====Checkpoint of whether cell lysis occurs====
 
-
We characterized λ Lysis cassette quantitatively with RPU. From our data, we determined acondition of activity of promoters, if you want to make inducible sysytems of cell lysis by using them. The condition is that: the minimam activity is under  RPU and the maximamactivity is over 0.2 RPU. Promoters that fit this condition could use the regulation of λ Lysis cassette.
 
-
 
-
====Initiation of cell lysis====
 
[[#top-section|^Top]]
[[#top-section|^Top]]
-
 
-
===References===
 
-
 
-
1
 
-
2
 
-
3
 
-
 
-
-----
 

Latest revision as of 03:59, 28 October 2010

Contents

Goal B: Quantitative characterization of λ lysis cassette

Introduction

λ lysis cassette is a gene that causes cell lysis. In previous iGEM, some teams evaluated the lytic activity of λ lysis cassette qualitatively. However, the registered parts lack of many informations such as activity or sequence. Thus, the well-characterized lysis cassette provide the simple and reliable cell-death system and will be applied to various circuits. For this reason, we studied about when cells die, how many cells die, and the relationship between them and the activity of its promoter.

KyotoFigC004.png

To characterize lytic activity of λ lysis cassette quantitatively, we regulate the gene expression of λ lysis cassette by a lactose promoter, R0011, which we characterized quantitatively by RPU in GoalA. To repress the basal expression of λ lysis cassette in the absence from IPTG as possible, we used pSB4K5, a low copy vector, as a plasmid backbone and used KRX as a host cell. Needless to say, we characterized R0011 in the same experimental condition. For more detailed explanation of R0011, go Goal A.

Result

Experiment 1: Quantitative measurement of lytic activity of λ lysis cassette

KyotoFigA007.png

To characterize the lytic activity of λ lysis cassette quantitatively, we had to establish a standard method for a quantitative measurement of cell lysis. We first considered that we could characterize the activities by mesuring OD550 of the cultures after induction of IPTG. However, after preliminary experiments for determination of the measurement condition, we found some facts described below.

  • Cultures induced the expression of λ lysis cassette becomes a kind of equilibrium state of cell lysis.
  • R0011 is frequently mutated at 37 degrees if it regulates an expression of toxic gene because of natural selection.
  • The possibility of mutation become low at 30 degrees, although it still remains a little.

Therefore, we made the following protocol that is suitable to our motivation.

  • Pick out three colonies transformed with K358019 and cultivated in supplemented M9 media with certain concentration of IPTG. After incubation of 16h, 18h, 20h, measure OD550 of each culture.

We did the experiment as this protocol, we got the following data.

Incubating 16h18h20h16h18h20h16h18h20h
Number of colony 111222333
0mM 2.132.172.352.052.042.142.222.212.33
0.01mM 2.022.012.151.962.232.232.212.072.29
0.02mM 2.212.122.161.861.861.951.761.931.71
0.03mM 1.441.411.391.701.621.590.821.020.83
0.05mM 0.330.250.170.250.250.240.260.330.24
0.07mM 0.150.170.230.210.200.230.180.180.19
0.1mM 0.130.200.360.200.180.230.170.150.23
0.3mM 0.100.210.310.080.110.140.110.070.20
0.5mM 0.070.080.100.080.080.090.110.080.25
0.8mM 0.250.100.080.290.220.110.180.220.10
1.0mM 0.040.150.210.180.270.270.180.060.24

Table 1 OD550 of each culture incubated 16h, 18h, 20h, with various concentration of IPTG. The number of colony indicates which colony the cultures are drived from. The values of OD550 of 16h, 18h, 20h are derived from the same culture with certain concentration of IPTG.

As Table1 shows, cell lysis seems to be an apparent equilibrium state. Exceptionally, OD550 increases from 16h to 20h when the concentration of IPTG is 0.8mM and 1.0mM. This exceptions seem to be mutated in the region of R0011, so we don't think about this). The value of OD550 in this state depends on the strength of induction of IPTG, thus we define it as LAV(Lytic Activity Value), which indicates the lytic activity of λ lysis cassette quantitatively.

Fig.1 LAV of 18h cultures with various concentration of IPTG. When the concentration of IPTG is from 0.01mM to 0.02mM, LAV decreases mildy. When the concentration of IPTG is from 0.02mM to 0.05mM, LAV decreases dramatically. When the concentration of IPTG is over 0.05mM, OD550 is under 0.3 and doesn't change largely. Green points are the result of 1.0mM and 0.8mM of IPTG. Pink point is a control, the concentration of IPTG is 0mM.

To analyze the relationship between the lytic activity of λ lysis cassette and RPU, we used the result of characterization of R0011.

Fig.2 LAV vs. RPU. The horizontal axis of Fig. 1 is converted to RPU using the result of characterization of R0011.

RPU is relative activity of promoter, so Fig. 2 shows the relationship between the lytic activity of λ lysis cassette and its expression level. The lysis cassette effectively induced cell lysis even when the expression was very repressed (0.2 RPU). Moreover, the activity of the cell lysis has a distinct threshold around 0.1 RPU. In case of the higher induction than 0.2 RPU, the cell populations reached a plateau but not zero.

Experiment 2: Measurement of lytic activity with time

To characterize the lytic activity of λ lysis cassette in more detail, we focused on when cell lysis occurs after induction of IPTG. We did the experiment as this protocol, we got the following data

KyotoGrp101028-1.png
KyotoPhoto2a.jpg
KyotoPhoto4a.jpg
KyotoPhoto7a.jpg

Please see our notebook. There is much data about the relationship between cell lysis and the concentration of IPTG.

KyotoGrp101026-1.png ^Top

Discussion

Apparent equilibrium state of cell lysis

We performed experiments for models of cell lysis using E.coli transformed with the construction, Plac and lysis cassette on the low copy plasmid. We measured A550 at 16h, 18h and 20h with various IPTG concentrations. Several stochastic models are considered from the unexpected results. Please refer to Modeling for further details.

Condition of promoters for λ lysis cassette

We characterized λ lysis cassette quantitatively with RPU. From our data, we determined a condition of activity of promoters. If you want to make inducible systems of cell lysis which use λ lysis cassete, the condition is as follows: the minimum activity is under 0.1 RPU and the maximum activity is over 0.2 RPU. Promoters that meet this condition can be applied to λ lysis cassette.

Initiation of cell lysis

We measured the time of Initiation of cell lysis for different concentration of IPTG. From our data, the higher concentration of IPTG is the earlier cell lyses. We can regulate the timing of initiation of cell lysis by controlling concentration of IPTG.


^Top