http://2010.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:INSA-Lyon/Project/Stage1/Theory&feed=atom&action=historyTeam:INSA-Lyon/Project/Stage1/Theory - Revision history2024-03-28T14:34:14ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.16.5http://2010.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:INSA-Lyon/Project/Stage1/Theory&diff=208114&oldid=prevPhilou at 03:50, 28 October 20102010-10-28T03:50:06Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>There is no consensus about the formation of the PHB granules. Two models have been proposed, and all the experiments realized until May 2009 (<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><a href="https://2010.igem.org/Team:INSA-Lyon/Project/References"></del>Jendrossek, 2009<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></a> </del>) can’t confirm or refute one of them. <br/></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>There is no consensus about the formation of the PHB granules. Two models have been proposed, and all the experiments realized until May 2009 (Jendrossek, 2009 ) can’t confirm or refute one of them. <br/></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>But it’s admitted that three proteins play a major part in the biogenesis of the granule : PHB synthase (phaC), PhaPs and PhaR. This two last proteins bind to the granules when those are formed.</p></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>But it’s admitted that three proteins play a major part in the biogenesis of the granule : PHB synthase (phaC), PhaPs and PhaR. This two last proteins bind to the granules when those are formed.</p></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><br/></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><br/></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><img src="http://img10.hostingpics.net/pics/923604Modo3.jpg" border="0" alt="Modo" width="450" height="180" alt="the micelle model" title="Micelle model" /> <br/></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><img src="http://img10.hostingpics.net/pics/923604Modo3.jpg" border="0" alt="Modo" width="450" height="180" alt="the micelle model" title="Micelle model" /> <br/></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p style="text-align:center; font-size:0.9em;"><em> Micelle model, from "Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) homeostasis: the role of the PHA synthase",<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><a href="https://2010.igem.org/Team:INSA-Lyon/Project/References"> </del>Stubbe and Tian, 2003 <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></a></del></em></p></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p style="text-align:center; font-size:0.9em;"><em> Micelle model, from "Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) homeostasis: the role of the PHA synthase",Stubbe and Tian, 2003 </em></p></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p style="text-align:center; font-size:0.9em;"><em>Budding model, from "Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) homeostasis: the role of the PHA synthase",<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><a href="https://2010.igem.org/Team:INSA-Lyon/Project/References"> </del>Stubbe and Tian, 2003 <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></a></del></em></p></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p style="text-align:center; font-size:0.9em;"><em>Budding model, from "Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) homeostasis: the role of the PHA synthase",Stubbe and Tian, 2003</em></p></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p style="text-indent: 30px; text-align:justify;">To our knowledge, the production of PHAs has never been observed in wild type E. coli strains. But recombinant strains have been constructed by cloning the genes responsible for the production of PHB, and these molecules were stored into granules (with the diameter usually ranging between 100 and 500 nm and 5-10 granules per cell). These recombinant bacteria are able to accumulate as much as 80% of their dry weight in PHB.</p></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p style="text-indent: 30px; text-align:justify;">To our knowledge, the production of PHAs has never been observed in wild type E. coli strains. But recombinant strains have been constructed by cloning the genes responsible for the production of PHB, and these molecules were stored into granules (with the diameter usually ranging between 100 and 500 nm and 5-10 granules per cell). These recombinant bacteria are able to accumulate as much as 80% of their dry weight in PHB.</p></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p style="text-indent: 30px; text-align:justify;">A recombinant MG1655 Escherichia coli has been developed to spontaneously liberate PHB granules (<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><a href="https://2010.igem.org/Team:INSA-Lyon/Project/References"> </del>Jung et al., 2005<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></a></del>). See our<a href="https://2010.igem.org/Team:INSA-Lyon/Project/Stage1/Strategy"> strategy </a> </p><br/><br></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p style="text-indent: 30px; text-align:justify;">A recombinant MG1655 Escherichia coli has been developed to spontaneously liberate PHB granules (Jung et al., 2005). See our<a href="https://2010.igem.org/Team:INSA-Lyon/Project/Stage1/Strategy"> strategy </a> </p><br/><br></div></td></tr>
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</table>Philouhttp://2010.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:INSA-Lyon/Project/Stage1/Theory&diff=203900&oldid=prevPhilou at 01:19, 28 October 20102010-10-28T01:19:19Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>There is no consensus about the formation of the PHB granules. Two models have been proposed, and all the experiments realized until May 2009 (Jendrossek 2009) can’t confirm or refute one of them. <br/></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>There is no consensus about the formation of the PHB granules. Two models have been proposed, and all the experiments realized until May 2009 (<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><a href="https://2010.igem.org/Team:INSA-Lyon/Project/References"></ins>Jendrossek<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, </ins>2009<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></a> </ins>) can’t confirm or refute one of them. <br/></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>But it’s admitted that three proteins play a major part in the biogenesis of the granule : PHB synthase (phaC), PhaPs and PhaR. This two last proteins bind to the granules when those are formed.</p></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>But it’s admitted that three proteins play a major part in the biogenesis of the granule : PHB synthase (phaC), PhaPs and PhaR. This two last proteins bind to the granules when those are formed.</p></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><br/></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><br/></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p style="text-align:center; font-size:0.9em;"><em> Micelle model, from "Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) homeostasis: the role of the PHA synthase",Stubbe and Tian, 2003 </em></p></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p style="text-align:center; font-size:0.9em;"><em> Micelle model, from "Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) homeostasis: the role of the PHA synthase",<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><a href="https://2010.igem.org/Team:INSA-Lyon/Project/References"> </ins>Stubbe and Tian, 2003 <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></a></ins></em></p></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p style="text-align:center; font-size:0.9em;"><em>Budding model, from "Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) homeostasis: the role of the PHA synthase",Stubbe and Tian, 2003</em></p></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p style="text-align:center; font-size:0.9em;"><em>Budding model, from "Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) homeostasis: the role of the PHA synthase",<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><a href="https://2010.igem.org/Team:INSA-Lyon/Project/References"> </ins>Stubbe and Tian, 2003 <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></a></ins></em></p></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p style="text-indent: 30px; text-align:justify;">To our knowledge, the production of PHAs has never been observed in wild type E. coli strains. But recombinant strains have been constructed by cloning the genes responsible for the production of PHB, and these molecules were stored into granules (with the diameter usually ranging between 100 and 500 nm and 5-10 granules per cell). These recombinant bacteria are able to accumulate as much as 80% of their dry weight in PHB.</p></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p style="text-indent: 30px; text-align:justify;">To our knowledge, the production of PHAs has never been observed in wild type E. coli strains. But recombinant strains have been constructed by cloning the genes responsible for the production of PHB, and these molecules were stored into granules (with the diameter usually ranging between 100 and 500 nm and 5-10 granules per cell). These recombinant bacteria are able to accumulate as much as 80% of their dry weight in PHB.</p></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p style="text-indent: 30px; text-align:justify;">A recombinant MG1655 Escherichia coli has been developed to spontaneously liberate PHB granules (Jung et al.<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, Research in Microbiology</del>, 2005).<a href="https://2010.igem.org/Team:INSA-Lyon/Project/Stage1/Strategy"> <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">See our </del>strategy </a> </p><br/><br></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p style="text-indent: 30px; text-align:justify;">A recombinant MG1655 Escherichia coli has been developed to spontaneously liberate PHB granules (<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><a href="https://2010.igem.org/Team:INSA-Lyon/Project/References"> </ins>Jung et al., 2005<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></a></ins>). <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">See our</ins><a href="https://2010.igem.org/Team:INSA-Lyon/Project/Stage1/Strategy"> strategy </a> </p><br/><br></div></td></tr>
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</table>Philouhttp://2010.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:INSA-Lyon/Project/Stage1/Theory&diff=195430&oldid=prevMelanieGeffroy at 20:35, 27 October 20102010-10-27T20:35:11Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Usually, the diameter of the granule <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">range </del>between 100 and 500nm. Various granules are synthesized in the bacteria. The number seems to be controlled by phasins too, but again, no publication can confirm it.The formation of this structure seems to be fast. Indeed, the first granule appears after 10 minutes.</p></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Usually, the diameter of the granule <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">ranges </ins>between 100 and 500nm. Various granules are synthesized in the bacteria. The number seems to be controlled by phasins too, but again, no publication can confirm it.The formation of this structure seems to be fast. Indeed, the first granule appears after 10 minutes.</p></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p style="text-indent: 30px; text-align:justify;">Evolution has been naturally performing synthetic biology for the last thousands years without our knowledge. Evolution combined with <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">mutation </del>and environmental changes have designed and constructed new biological functions and systems not found so far in nature.</p></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p style="text-indent: 30px; text-align:justify;">Evolution has been naturally performing synthetic biology for the last thousands years without our knowledge. Evolution combined with <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">mutations </ins>and environmental changes have designed and constructed new biological functions and systems not found so far in nature.</p></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p style="text-indent: 30px; text-align:justify;">We were particularly interested in studying how discrete <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">monofuntional </del>enzymes got <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">organised </del>into one single multifunctional enzyme through evolution. PHB are indeed produced with the help of three distinct enzymes. It would be an <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">interessant </del>goal to increase this lipid production by designing one optimized multifunctional enzyme.</p></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p style="text-indent: 30px; text-align:justify;">We were particularly interested in studying how discrete <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">monofunctional </ins>enzymes got <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">organized </ins>into one single multifunctional enzyme through evolution. PHB are indeed produced with the help of three distinct enzymes. It would be an <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">interesting </ins>goal to increase this lipid production by designing one optimized multifunctional enzyme.</p></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>First, we decided to pursue a computer-based approach using databases such that NCBI. We compared FAS I enzyme function for different organisms (mammals and bacteria). We therefore managed to show a high-level of similarity between the domains of the FAS I.</p></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>First, we decided to pursue a computer-based approach using databases such that NCBI. We compared FAS I enzyme function for different organisms (mammals and bacteria). We therefore managed to show a high-level of similarity between the domains of the FAS I.</p></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>Second, we wanted to analyze these collected data to design a more evolved structure of the operon gene PHA. This is based on the hypothesis that a multi-functional enzyme would increase the yield of lipid production by E.coli.</p></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p>Second, we wanted to analyze these collected data to design a more evolved structure of the operon gene PHA. This is based on the hypothesis that a multi-functional enzyme would increase the yield of lipid production by E.coli.</p></div></td></tr>
</table>MelanieGeffroyhttp://2010.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:INSA-Lyon/Project/Stage1/Theory&diff=194897&oldid=prevMelanieGeffroy at 20:15, 27 October 20102010-10-27T20:15:57Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p><br></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p><br></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>The second one is called <em/>“budding model”</em>. In this one, the PHB synthase is binding the cytoplasmic membrane and the growing PHB chain. The polymer interacts with the cytoplasmic membrane by hydrophobic bonds. We observe the formation of PHB molecules in the cytoplasmic membrane. Later, the granules detach from the membrane, forming structures like “buds”, and the other proteins of the granule (phasins, PhaR) bind to the growing surface.</p><br /></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>The second one is called <em/>“budding model”</em>. In this one, the PHB synthase is binding <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">to </ins>the cytoplasmic membrane and the growing PHB chain. The polymer interacts with the cytoplasmic membrane by hydrophobic bonds. We observe the formation of PHB molecules in the cytoplasmic membrane. Later, the granules detach from the membrane, forming structures like “buds”, and the other proteins of the granule (phasins, PhaR) bind to the growing surface.</p><br /></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><div style="text-align:center;"></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><div style="text-align:center;"></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><img src="http://img10.hostingpics.net/pics/625165Modo2.jpg" border="0" alt="Modo" title="Budding model"/> <br/></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><img src="http://img10.hostingpics.net/pics/625165Modo2.jpg" border="0" alt="Modo" title="Budding model"/> <br/></div></td></tr>
</table>MelanieGeffroyhttp://2010.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:INSA-Lyon/Project/Stage1/Theory&diff=194854&oldid=prevMelanieGeffroy at 20:13, 27 October 20102010-10-27T20:13:54Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p><br></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p><br></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>The second one is called <em/>“budding model”</em>. In this one, the PHB synthase is binding <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">with </del>the cytoplasmic membrane and the growing PHB chain. The polymer interacts with the cytoplasmic membrane by hydrophobic bonds. We observe the formation of PHB molecules in the cytoplasmic membrane. Later, the granules detach from the membrane, forming structures like “buds”, and the other proteins of the granule (phasins, PhaR) bind to the growing surface.</p><br /></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>The second one is called <em/>“budding model”</em>. In this one, the PHB synthase is binding the cytoplasmic membrane and the growing PHB chain. The polymer interacts with the cytoplasmic membrane by hydrophobic bonds. We observe the formation of PHB molecules in the cytoplasmic membrane. Later, the granules detach from the membrane, forming structures like “buds”, and the other proteins of the granule (phasins, PhaR) bind to the growing surface.</p><br /></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><div style="text-align:center;"></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><div style="text-align:center;"></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><img src="http://img10.hostingpics.net/pics/625165Modo2.jpg" border="0" alt="Modo" title="Budding model"/> <br/></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><img src="http://img10.hostingpics.net/pics/625165Modo2.jpg" border="0" alt="Modo" title="Budding model"/> <br/></div></td></tr>
</table>MelanieGeffroyhttp://2010.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:INSA-Lyon/Project/Stage1/Theory&diff=194584&oldid=prevMelanieGeffroy at 20:04, 27 October 20102010-10-27T20:04:56Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p/></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p/></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>The <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">fist </del>model is called <em/>“micelle model”</em>. It is based on the fact that soluble PHB synthase reacts with its substrate, hydroxyacyl CoA, in the cytoplasm. After the synthesis of the first PHB chain, the others will aggregate to the “primer” by hydrophobic interactions, to make small PHB granules. The enzyme remains in the surface of the granule, and the other proteins of the granule (phasins, PhaR) bind to the growing surface.</p></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>The <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">first </ins>model is called <em/>“micelle model”</em>. It is based on the fact that soluble PHB synthase reacts with its substrate, hydroxyacyl CoA, in the cytoplasm. After the synthesis of the first PHB chain, the others will aggregate to the “primer” by hydrophobic interactions, to make small PHB granules. The enzyme remains in the surface of the granule, and the other proteins of the granule (phasins, PhaR) bind to the growing surface.</p></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><div style="text-align:center;"></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><div style="text-align:center;"></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><img src="http://img10.hostingpics.net/pics/923604Modo3.jpg" border="0" alt="Modo" width="450" height="180" alt="the micelle model" title="Micelle model" /> <br/></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><img src="http://img10.hostingpics.net/pics/923604Modo3.jpg" border="0" alt="Modo" width="450" height="180" alt="the micelle model" title="Micelle model" /> <br/></div></td></tr>
</table>MelanieGeffroyhttp://2010.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:INSA-Lyon/Project/Stage1/Theory&diff=194328&oldid=prevMelanieGeffroy at 19:57, 27 October 20102010-10-27T19:57:49Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p/></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p/></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Two models of PHA granule formation have been proposed.<br/></del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>The fist <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">model </ins>is called <em/>“micelle model”</em>. It is based on the fact that soluble PHB synthase reacts with its substrate, hydroxyacyl CoA, in the cytoplasm. After the synthesis of the first PHB chain, the others will aggregate to the “primer” by hydrophobic interactions, to make small PHB granules. The enzyme remains in the surface of the granule, and the other proteins of the granule (phasins, PhaR) bind to the growing surface.</p></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>The fist <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">one </del>is called <em/>“micelle model”</em>. It is based on the fact that soluble PHB synthase reacts with its substrate, hydroxyacyl CoA, in the cytoplasm. After the synthesis of the first PHB chain, the others will aggregate to the “primer” by hydrophobic interactions, to make small PHB granules. The enzyme remains in the surface of the granule, and the other proteins of the granule (phasins, PhaR) bind to the growing surface.</p></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><div style="text-align:center;"></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><div style="text-align:center;"></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><img src="http://img10.hostingpics.net/pics/923604Modo3.jpg" border="0" alt="Modo" width="450" height="180" alt="the micelle model" title="Micelle model" /> <br/></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><img src="http://img10.hostingpics.net/pics/923604Modo3.jpg" border="0" alt="Modo" width="450" height="180" alt="the micelle model" title="Micelle model" /> <br/></div></td></tr>
</table>MelanieGeffroyhttp://2010.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:INSA-Lyon/Project/Stage1/Theory&diff=194178&oldid=prevMelanieGeffroy at 19:53, 27 October 20102010-10-27T19:53:13Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p style="text-indent: 30px; text-align:justify;"></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p style="text-indent: 30px; text-align:justify;"></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>There is no consensus about the formation of the PHB granules. Two models have been proposed, and all the experiments realized until May 2009 (Jendrossek 2009) can’t confirm or refute one of them. <br/></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>There is no consensus about the formation of the PHB granules. Two models have been proposed, and all the experiments realized until May 2009 (Jendrossek 2009) can’t confirm or refute one of them. <br/></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>But it’s admitted that three proteins play a major part in the biogenesis of the granule : PHB synthase (phaC), PhaPs and PhaR. This two last proteins bind <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">thereself when </del>the granules are formed.</p></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>But it’s admitted that three proteins play a major part in the biogenesis of the granule : PHB synthase (phaC), PhaPs and PhaR. This two last proteins bind <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">to </ins>the granules <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">when those </ins>are formed.</p></div></td></tr>
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</table>MelanieGeffroyhttp://2010.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:INSA-Lyon/Project/Stage1/Theory&diff=185633&oldid=prevBanban at 15:12, 27 October 20102010-10-27T15:12:52Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><h2>How to produce a granule?</h2></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><h2>How to produce a granule?</h2></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><br><br></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><br><br></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p><i>First a bit of theory, and further <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">our </del><a href="#<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">idea</del>">ideas</a>.</i></p><br/></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p><i>First a bit of theory, and further <a href="<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">https://2010.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:INSA-Lyon/Project/Stage1/Theory</ins>#<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">ourIdeas</ins>"><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">our </ins>ideas</a>.</i></p><br/></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><h3><font color="purple">Our ideas</font></h3><br><br></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><h3<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">><a name="ourIdeas"</ins>><font color="purple">Our ideas</font<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">></a</ins>></h3><br><br></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p style="text-indent: 30px; text-align:justify;">To our knowledge, the production of PHAs has never been observed in wild type E. coli strains. But recombinant strains have been constructed by cloning the genes responsible for the production of PHB, and these molecules were stored into granules (with the diameter usually ranging between 100 and 500 nm and 5-10 granules per cell). These recombinant bacteria are able to accumulate as much as 80% of their dry weight in PHB.</p></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p style="text-indent: 30px; text-align:justify;">To our knowledge, the production of PHAs has never been observed in wild type E. coli strains. But recombinant strains have been constructed by cloning the genes responsible for the production of PHB, and these molecules were stored into granules (with the diameter usually ranging between 100 and 500 nm and 5-10 granules per cell). These recombinant bacteria are able to accumulate as much as 80% of their dry weight in PHB.</p></div></td></tr>
</table>Banbanhttp://2010.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:INSA-Lyon/Project/Stage1/Theory&diff=185523&oldid=prevPYzou at 15:10, 27 October 20102010-10-27T15:10:05Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><h2>How to produce a granule?</h2></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><h2>How to produce a granule?</h2></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p><i>First a bit of theory, and further our <a href="#<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">ideas</del>">ideas</a>.</i></p><br/></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><p><i>First a bit of theory, and further our <a href="#<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">idea</ins>">ideas</a>.</i></p><br/></div></td></tr>
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