Team:Heidelberg/Notebook/Methods
From 2010.igem.org
(New page: {{:Team:Heidelberg/Template}} {{:Team:Heidelberg/Pagetop|Methods}} =Methods= ==Cloning== ===Plasmid-DNA isolation=== 5 ml LB-Medium with 5 µl ampicillin was inoculated with single colon...) |
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===Plasmid-DNA isolation=== | ===Plasmid-DNA isolation=== | ||
- | 5 ml LB-Medium with 5 µl ampicillin was inoculated with single colonies which grew overnight on a shaker at 37°C. The plasmid DNA was isolated using QiAprep Spin Miniprep kit from Qiagen and following the manufacturer’s protocol. 4 ml of each overnight culture was pelleted in 2 ml microcentrifuge tubes during two steps of centrifugation at 13.000 rpm. Subsequently the pellet was resuspended in 250 µl of chilled buffer P1. 250 µl of lysis buffer P2 was added and the solution was mixed thoroughly by inverting the tube 4-6 times. After adding 350 µl of the neutralization Buffer N3 the solution was mixed immediately and thoroughly by inverting the tube 4-6 times. Thereafter the mixture was centrifuged. The supernatants were applied to a QIAprep column which was put in a 2 ml collection tube. It was centrifuged for 1 min at 13.000 rpm and the flow-through was discarded. After adding 500 µl of wash buffer PB, it was centrifuged for 1 min at 13.000 rpm and the flow-through was discarded. Once more, it was washed with 750 µl of wash buffer PE. In an additional centrifugation for 1 min at 13.000 rpm the residual wash buffer was removed. The QIAprep column was placed into a clean 1.5 ml microcentrifuge tube and the plasmid DNA was eluted in 30 µl ddH2O.<br> | + | 5 ml LB-Medium with 5 µl ampicillin was inoculated with single colonies which grew overnight on a shaker at 37°C. The plasmid DNA was isolated using QiAprep Spin Miniprep kit from Qiagen and following the manufacturer’s protocol. 4 ml of each overnight culture was pelleted in 2 ml microcentrifuge tubes during two steps of centrifugation at 13.000 rpm. Subsequently the pellet was resuspended in 250 µl of chilled buffer P1. 250 µl of lysis buffer P2 was added and the solution was mixed thoroughly by inverting the tube 4-6 times. After adding 350 µl of the neutralization Buffer N3 the solution was mixed immediately and thoroughly by inverting the tube 4-6 times. Thereafter the mixture was centrifuged. The supernatants were applied to a QIAprep column which was put in a 2 ml collection tube. It was centrifuged for 1 min at 13.000 rpm and the flow-through was discarded. After adding 500 µl of wash buffer PB, it was centrifuged for 1 min at 13.000 rpm and the flow-through was discarded. Once more, it was washed with 750 µl of wash buffer PE. In an additional centrifugation for 1 min at 13.000 rpm the residual wash buffer was removed. The QIAprep column was placed into a clean 1.5 ml microcentrifuge tube and the plasmid DNA was eluted in 30 µl ddH2O. |
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===Sequencing=== | ===Sequencing=== | ||
performed by the GATC Biotech company | performed by the GATC Biotech company | ||
+ | <br><br> | ||
===Gel extraction=== | ===Gel extraction=== | ||
After gel electrophoresis the digested vector and insert have to be purified from the gel. With the help of a UV lamp, the bands were quickly excised from the gel without exposing the DNA too long to UV light. Afterwards the DNA was purified with the QIAquick Gel extraction kit. Three volumes of buffer QG were added to one volume of gel. The gel fragment was dissolved by incubation for 10 min at 50°C. Afterwards one volume of 100% isopropanol was added. The solution was applied on a QIAquick spin column after this has been placed into a provided 2 ml collection tube. By centrifugation for 1 min at 13.000 rpm the DNA was bound to the column. The flow-through was discarded and the column was placed in the same collection tube. To remove all traces of agarose from the column, 500 µl of wash buffer QC was added followed by centrifugation for 1 min at 13.000 rpm. The flow-through was discarded and the column was washed with 750 µl of buffer PE for 1 min at 13.000 rpm. Afterwards the flow-through was discarded. An additional centrifugation for 1 min at 13.000 rpm helped to remove the residual ethanol. The column was placed into a new 1.5 ml microcentrifuge tube and it was eluted with 30 µl of ddH2O. | After gel electrophoresis the digested vector and insert have to be purified from the gel. With the help of a UV lamp, the bands were quickly excised from the gel without exposing the DNA too long to UV light. Afterwards the DNA was purified with the QIAquick Gel extraction kit. Three volumes of buffer QG were added to one volume of gel. The gel fragment was dissolved by incubation for 10 min at 50°C. Afterwards one volume of 100% isopropanol was added. The solution was applied on a QIAquick spin column after this has been placed into a provided 2 ml collection tube. By centrifugation for 1 min at 13.000 rpm the DNA was bound to the column. The flow-through was discarded and the column was placed in the same collection tube. To remove all traces of agarose from the column, 500 µl of wash buffer QC was added followed by centrifugation for 1 min at 13.000 rpm. The flow-through was discarded and the column was washed with 750 µl of buffer PE for 1 min at 13.000 rpm. Afterwards the flow-through was discarded. An additional centrifugation for 1 min at 13.000 rpm helped to remove the residual ethanol. The column was placed into a new 1.5 ml microcentrifuge tube and it was eluted with 30 µl of ddH2O. | ||
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===Purification of PCR product=== | ===Purification of PCR product=== | ||
One volume of buffer PBI was added to one volume of the PCR sample mix. The sample was applied to a QIAquick column which has been placed into a provided 2 ml collection tube. It was centrifuged for 1 min at 13.000 rpm and the flow-through was discarded and the column was placed in the same collection tube. After this 750 µl of buffer PE was added to wash the column. It was centrifuged for 1 min at 13.000 rpm. The flow-through was discarded and the column was placed in the same collection tube. It was centrifuged for 1 min at 13.000 rpm. Afterwards the QIAquick column was placed into a new 1.5 ml microcentrifuge tube and it was eluted with 40 µl ddH2O. | One volume of buffer PBI was added to one volume of the PCR sample mix. The sample was applied to a QIAquick column which has been placed into a provided 2 ml collection tube. It was centrifuged for 1 min at 13.000 rpm and the flow-through was discarded and the column was placed in the same collection tube. After this 750 µl of buffer PE was added to wash the column. It was centrifuged for 1 min at 13.000 rpm. The flow-through was discarded and the column was placed in the same collection tube. It was centrifuged for 1 min at 13.000 rpm. Afterwards the QIAquick column was placed into a new 1.5 ml microcentrifuge tube and it was eluted with 40 µl ddH2O. | ||
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===Agarose Gel Electrophoresis=== | ===Agarose Gel Electrophoresis=== | ||
Agarose flat-bed gels in various concentrations (0.6–2% agarose in 0.5 x TAE buffer) and sizes were run to separate DNA fragments in an electrical field (10–20 V/cm) for analytical or preparative use. The desired amount of agarose was boiled in 1 x TAE buffer until it was completely dissolved. After it cooled down to approximately 60°C, ethidium bromide (EtBr) solution (0.5 μg/ml final concentration) was added to the liquid agar, which was then poured in a flat-bed tray with combs. As soon as the agarose solidified, the Running buffer (0.5 x TAE buffer) was added before the DNA in the loading buffer was loaded into the wells and separated electrophoretically. Ethidium bromide intercalates with the DNA’s GC ntss resulting in DNA-EtBr-complex that emits visible light. Therefore, the DNA fragments could be detected on a UV-light tray at 265 nm. | Agarose flat-bed gels in various concentrations (0.6–2% agarose in 0.5 x TAE buffer) and sizes were run to separate DNA fragments in an electrical field (10–20 V/cm) for analytical or preparative use. The desired amount of agarose was boiled in 1 x TAE buffer until it was completely dissolved. After it cooled down to approximately 60°C, ethidium bromide (EtBr) solution (0.5 μg/ml final concentration) was added to the liquid agar, which was then poured in a flat-bed tray with combs. As soon as the agarose solidified, the Running buffer (0.5 x TAE buffer) was added before the DNA in the loading buffer was loaded into the wells and separated electrophoretically. Ethidium bromide intercalates with the DNA’s GC ntss resulting in DNA-EtBr-complex that emits visible light. Therefore, the DNA fragments could be detected on a UV-light tray at 265 nm. | ||
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===Large scale preparation of plasmid DNA=== | ===Large scale preparation of plasmid DNA=== | ||
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*Hepa1.6 - DMEM, 10% Fetal Bovine Serum, 100 unit Penicillin, 100 µg/ml Streptomycin, 2mM L-Glutamin | *Hepa1.6 - DMEM, 10% Fetal Bovine Serum, 100 unit Penicillin, 100 µg/ml Streptomycin, 2mM L-Glutamin | ||
*primary hepatocytes - William's Medium E, 10% Fetal Bovine Serum, 100 unit Penicillin, 100 µg/ml Streptomycin, 2mM L-Glutamin, 100nM Dexamethasone | *primary hepatocytes - William's Medium E, 10% Fetal Bovine Serum, 100 unit Penicillin, 100 µg/ml Streptomycin, 2mM L-Glutamin, 100nM Dexamethasone | ||
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===Passaging=== | ===Passaging=== | ||
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*add 5 ml of the according media | *add 5 ml of the according media | ||
*take 1/10th of the cell suspension and plate out on the according dish (either p100 dish, 6 well plate or T-flask) | *take 1/10th of the cell suspension and plate out on the according dish (either p100 dish, 6 well plate or T-flask) | ||
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===Coating=== | ===Coating=== | ||
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*remove poly-L-lysine solution | *remove poly-L-lysine solution | ||
*wash once with 1x PBS | *wash once with 1x PBS | ||
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===Transfection=== | ===Transfection=== | ||
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**incubate 10 min at RT | **incubate 10 min at RT | ||
**add to cells | **add to cells | ||
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====HBSS==== | ====HBSS==== | ||
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#* stop with 100µl 2M H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> per well | #* stop with 100µl 2M H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> per well | ||
#* read absorbance at 450 nm wavelength | #* read absorbance at 450 nm wavelength | ||
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==== Buffers ==== | ==== Buffers ==== | ||
*'''Coating Buffer''' (0.1M NaHCO<sub>3</sub>, 0.1M Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>, pH 9.5) | *'''Coating Buffer''' (0.1M NaHCO<sub>3</sub>, 0.1M Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>, pH 9.5) | ||
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Leica SP5<br> | Leica SP5<br> | ||
ImageJ version 1.43<br> | ImageJ version 1.43<br> | ||
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=== Dual Luciferase Assay === | === Dual Luciferase Assay === | ||
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We measured the knockdown of firefly luciferase using the Promega Dual Luciferase Reporter Assay. | We measured the knockdown of firefly luciferase using the Promega Dual Luciferase Reporter Assay. | ||
The DLR™ Assay System provides an efficient mean of performing dual-reporter assays, where the activities of firefly (<i>Photinus pyralis</i>) and Renilla (<i>Renilla reniformis</i>) luciferases (RL) are measured sequentially from a single sample. Firefly and Renilla luciferases can be used as a good reporter system, as those two enzymes have dissimilar enzyme structures and substrate requirements. This allows for selective discrimination between their bioluminescent reactions. The firefly luciferase (FL) reporter is measured first by adding Luciferase Assay Reagent II (LAR II) to generate a stabilized luminescent signal. After quantifying the firefly luminescence, this reaction is quenched, and the Renilla luciferase reaction is simultaneously initiated by adding Stop & Glo® Reagent to the same tube. The Stop & Glo® Reagent also produces a stabilized signal from the Renilla luciferase, which decays slowly over the course of the measurement. Here, Renilla luciferase is used for normalization. The measurements were conducted on the Promega GLOMAX 96 Microplate Luminometer using the Promega standard protocol ([https://2010.igem.org/Team:Heidelberg/Project/References#Materials_and_Methods Sherf et al., 1996]). <br> | The DLR™ Assay System provides an efficient mean of performing dual-reporter assays, where the activities of firefly (<i>Photinus pyralis</i>) and Renilla (<i>Renilla reniformis</i>) luciferases (RL) are measured sequentially from a single sample. Firefly and Renilla luciferases can be used as a good reporter system, as those two enzymes have dissimilar enzyme structures and substrate requirements. This allows for selective discrimination between their bioluminescent reactions. The firefly luciferase (FL) reporter is measured first by adding Luciferase Assay Reagent II (LAR II) to generate a stabilized luminescent signal. After quantifying the firefly luminescence, this reaction is quenched, and the Renilla luciferase reaction is simultaneously initiated by adding Stop & Glo® Reagent to the same tube. The Stop & Glo® Reagent also produces a stabilized signal from the Renilla luciferase, which decays slowly over the course of the measurement. Here, Renilla luciferase is used for normalization. The measurements were conducted on the Promega GLOMAX 96 Microplate Luminometer using the Promega standard protocol ([https://2010.igem.org/Team:Heidelberg/Project/References#Materials_and_Methods Sherf et al., 1996]). <br> | ||
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The activity of the first luciferase (firefly) was measured by adding 25µl of LAR II reagent to the well. The enzyme reacts upon translation without further processing and oxidates beetle luciferin, resulting in photon emission that can be measured. In addition to beetle luciferin, the LAR II reagent contains coenzyme A, which accelerates the reaction and thus creates a prolonged luminescence signal. The luminescence was measured two seconds after addition of the reagent, for ten seconds. Afterwards, 25µl Stop & Glo reagent was added, which is able to quench the firefly luciferase activity and simultaneously contains the substrate for Renilla luciferase, coelenterazine. This second reaction also emits photons upon oxidation of the substrate. Addition of substrates and light emission measurements were conducted automatically by the GLOMAX Luminometer. | The activity of the first luciferase (firefly) was measured by adding 25µl of LAR II reagent to the well. The enzyme reacts upon translation without further processing and oxidates beetle luciferin, resulting in photon emission that can be measured. In addition to beetle luciferin, the LAR II reagent contains coenzyme A, which accelerates the reaction and thus creates a prolonged luminescence signal. The luminescence was measured two seconds after addition of the reagent, for ten seconds. Afterwards, 25µl Stop & Glo reagent was added, which is able to quench the firefly luciferase activity and simultaneously contains the substrate for Renilla luciferase, coelenterazine. This second reaction also emits photons upon oxidation of the substrate. Addition of substrates and light emission measurements were conducted automatically by the GLOMAX Luminometer. | ||
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==== Consumables and Reagents ==== | ==== Consumables and Reagents ==== | ||
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LumaPlate, PerkinElmer, catalogue number 6005630<br> | LumaPlate, PerkinElmer, catalogue number 6005630<br> | ||
Promega Dual-Luciferase® Reporter Assay System, catalogue number E1910 | Promega Dual-Luciferase® Reporter Assay System, catalogue number E1910 | ||
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==== Instruments ==== | ==== Instruments ==== | ||
Promega GLOMAX 96 Microplate Luminometer | Promega GLOMAX 96 Microplate Luminometer | ||
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=== Plate reader measurements === | === Plate reader measurements === |
Revision as of 03:20, 25 October 2010
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