Team:Harvard/fences/safety

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<h1>safety</h1>
 
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<h3>Methoxyfenozide</h3>
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<h1>best practices for public safety</h1>
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<p>
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http://www.cdpr.ca.gov/docs/registration/ais/publicreports/5698.pdf
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http://www.dow.com/PublishedLiterature/dh_0329/0901b80380329146.pdf?filepath=productsafety/pdfs/noreg/233-00380.pdf&fromPage=GetDoc
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<p>From the inception of our project idea up through the final stages of development, safety has been a top priority. Of particular focus are preventing the spread of foreign DNA into the environment and consumer safety.
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this is best: http://ec.europa.eu/food/plant/protection/evaluation/newactive/methoxyfenozide_review_report.pdf
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<h3>iGarden plants pose no competitive threat to wild-type plants</h3>
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The review has established that the residues arising from the proposed uses, consequent on application consistent with good plant protection practice, have no harmful effects on human or animal health. The Theoretical Maximum Daily Intake (TMDI) for a 60 kg adult is 1.2 % of the Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI), based on the FAO/WHO European Diet (August 1994) and acute exposure was estimated to be up to 16 % of the acute reference dose (ARfD). This low intake value reflects the current limited use pattern for this active substance.
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<p>Our <a href="https://2010.igem.org/Team:Harvard/fences/design">genetic fence construct</a> ensures prevention of the spread of foreign DNA through a series of switches negatively regulating the survival of the engineered plant. The default state of an iGarden plant in the natural environment will be immediate death upon commencement of germination.  Any seeds that may blow into a nearby garden or the wild will not be viable. Even should a plant grown in the iGarden find its way out of the garden after it is full grown as soon as it is removed from the presence of the fence compound methoxyfenozide a fully or partially grown plant will die fairly quickly and any seeds produced outside the garden will also not be viable.</p>
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Residues in Food and Animal Feed: The submitted residue studies support the harvest and use limitations listed on the Intrepid 2F and Intrepid 80 WSP labels for pome fruit and cotton. The residue levels are well within the tolerances established by the U.S. EPA for pome fruit and cotton. The established tolerances are listed in the following tables. The rotational crop restrictions are adequate.
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<h3>Barnase is safe for consumers</h3>
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Environmental Fate: The methoxyfenozide environmental fate data reviewed included studies on soil adsorption coefficient, hydrolysis, aqueous and soil photolysis, aerobic soil metabolism, aerobic and anaerobic aquatic metabolism, and field dissipation. The studies were found to be satisfactory.
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<p>While Barnase (in the absence of Barstar) is lethal to any cell in which it is produced, studies have shown that Barnase producing plants pose no risk to consumers.  Studies have consistently shown that no detectable amounts of Barnase are found in the tissue of plants containing the Barnase encoding gene.  This should come as no surprise, as any cell producing Barnase even for a short amount of time will very quickly cease to exist.  It has also been shown that Barnase shows no similarity to any known allergens or toxins, and if ingested will be inactivated in the stomach due to the low pH.</p>
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the above are all direct quotes and need to be rephrased
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<h3>iGarden plants grown outdoors will not require antibiotic resistance</h3>
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<h3>Barnase</h3>
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While Barnase (in the absense of Barstar) is lethal to any cell in which it is produced, studies have shown that Barnase producing plants pose no risk to consumers.  Studies have consistently shown that no detectable amounts of Barnase are found in the tissue of plants containing the Barnase encoding gene.  This should come as no surprise, as any cell producing Barnase even for a short amount of time will very quickly cease to exist.  It has also been shown that Barnase shows no similarity to any known allergens or toxins, and even if ingested will be inactivated in the stomach due to the low pH.
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Carver J, and Walker WA (1995). The role of nucleotides in human nutrition. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 6: 58-72. Information on RNA in food and its digestion.
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<p>The transfer of antibiotic resistance genes into harmful microbes is an important concern for public health. Therefore any iGarden product that is tested and used in the open would use the <em>pat</em> Ti vector, which integrates iGarden genes into plant DNA without integrating antibiotic resistance selection markers. Continued development of the iGarden system will make use of safe visible markers, such as GFP, to enable gardeners to distinguish successfully modified plants from wild-type plants.</p>
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Delaney B, Astwood JD, Cunny H, Conn RE, Herouet-Guicheney C, Macintosh S, Meyer LS, Privalle L, Gao Y, Mattsson J, Levine M; ILSI International Food Biotechnology Committee Task Force on Protein Safety (2008). Evaluation of protein safety in the context of agricultural biotechnology. Food and Chemical Toxicology 46 Suppl 2:S71-97. Epub 2008 Feb 2.
 
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FDA (1996). Biotechnology Consultation Note to the File BNF No. 000031.  March 15, 1996. http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~rdb/bnfm031.html accessed Jan 7 2009. “The corn line containing transformation event MS3 and its progeny are not materially different in composition, safety, and other relevant parameters from conventional corn varieties.”
 
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Hérouet C, Esdaile DJ  Mallyon BA  Debruyne E, Schulz A, Currier T, Hendrickx K, van der Klis R-J and Rouan D  (2005). Safety evaluation of the phosphinothricin acetyltransferase proteins encoded by the pat and bar sequences that confer tolerance to glufosinate-ammonium herbicide in transgenic plants. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 41:134–149.
 
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Latest revision as of 15:07, 27 October 2010



best practices for public safety

From the inception of our project idea up through the final stages of development, safety has been a top priority. Of particular focus are preventing the spread of foreign DNA into the environment and consumer safety.

iGarden plants pose no competitive threat to wild-type plants

Our genetic fence construct ensures prevention of the spread of foreign DNA through a series of switches negatively regulating the survival of the engineered plant. The default state of an iGarden plant in the natural environment will be immediate death upon commencement of germination. Any seeds that may blow into a nearby garden or the wild will not be viable. Even should a plant grown in the iGarden find its way out of the garden after it is full grown as soon as it is removed from the presence of the fence compound methoxyfenozide a fully or partially grown plant will die fairly quickly and any seeds produced outside the garden will also not be viable.

Barnase is safe for consumers

While Barnase (in the absence of Barstar) is lethal to any cell in which it is produced, studies have shown that Barnase producing plants pose no risk to consumers. Studies have consistently shown that no detectable amounts of Barnase are found in the tissue of plants containing the Barnase encoding gene. This should come as no surprise, as any cell producing Barnase even for a short amount of time will very quickly cease to exist. It has also been shown that Barnase shows no similarity to any known allergens or toxins, and if ingested will be inactivated in the stomach due to the low pH.

iGarden plants grown outdoors will not require antibiotic resistance

The transfer of antibiotic resistance genes into harmful microbes is an important concern for public health. Therefore any iGarden product that is tested and used in the open would use the pat Ti vector, which integrates iGarden genes into plant DNA without integrating antibiotic resistance selection markers. Continued development of the iGarden system will make use of safe visible markers, such as GFP, to enable gardeners to distinguish successfully modified plants from wild-type plants.

4976811640 36e92ddb9a o.jpg

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