Team:Cambridge/ProjectBioluminescence/Luciferase/WikiGeneticsLuxCDABE

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(The Genetics of the Vibrio Lux operon - a short introduction (adapted from wikipedia))
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==Luciferase==
==Luciferase==
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Luciferase produces blue/green light through the oxidation of reduced flavin mononucleotide and a long chain aldehyde by diatomic oxygen.
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Luciferase produces blue/green light through the oxidation of reduced flavin mononucleotide (a standard biomolecule) and a long chain aldehyde by diatomic oxygen.
  Reaction:  
  Reaction:  
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The fatty acids needed for the reaction are pulled out from the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway by the enzyme acyl-transferase.  
The fatty acids needed for the reaction are pulled out from the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway by the enzyme acyl-transferase.  
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Acyl-trasferase reacts with acyl-ACP to release R-COOH, a free fatty acid.  
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Acyl-trasferase reacts with acyl-ACP (from Fatty Acid pathway) to release R-COOH, a free fatty acid.  
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R-COOH is reduced by a two-enzyme system to an adehyde.
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R-COOH is reduced by a two-enzyme system to an adehyde
  Reaction:  
  Reaction:  

Revision as of 15:35, 19 July 2010

The Genetics of the Vibrio Lux operon - a short introduction

(Meighen, 1991) [biology of bacterial bioluminescence, Meighen, 1991] - a very complete article on the nature of bioluminescence in this system.

Operon Structure

  • LuxCDABE => Emission system
  • LuxRI => Regulation system (several external and intrinsic factors appear to induce and inhibit the transcription of this gene set)


The lux operon has a known gene sequence of luxCDAB(F)E:

lux A and lux B code for the components of luciferase

lux CDE codes for a fatty acid reductase complex that makes the fatty acids necessary for the luciferase mechanism:

  • Lux C codes for the enzyme acyl-reductase
  • lux D codes for acyl-transferase
  • lux E makes the proteins needed for the enzyme acyl-protein synthetase.

Luciferase

Luciferase produces blue/green light through the oxidation of reduced flavin mononucleotide (a standard biomolecule) and a long chain aldehyde by diatomic oxygen.

Reaction: 
FMNH2 + O2 + R-CHO ------> FMN + R-COOH + H2O + Light       (Silverman et al, 1984)

In order to generate the aldehyde needed in the reaction above, three additional enzymes are needed. The fatty acids needed for the reaction are pulled out from the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway by the enzyme acyl-transferase.

Acyl-trasferase reacts with acyl-ACP (from Fatty Acid pathway) to release R-COOH, a free fatty acid.

R-COOH is reduced by a two-enzyme system to an adehyde

Reaction: 
R-COOH + ATP + NADPH ------> R-CHO + AMP + PPi + NADP+       (Winfrey et al., 1997). 

Although the lux operon encodes the enzymes necessary for the bacteria to glow, bioluminescence is regulated by autoinduction and quorum sensing.