http://2010.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Special:Contributions/Ler172&feed=atom&limit=50&target=Ler172&year=&month=2010.igem.org - User contributions [en]2024-03-29T11:07:35ZFrom 2010.igem.orgMediaWiki 1.16.5http://2010.igem.org/Team:Penn_State/ProjectTeam:Penn State/Project2010-10-28T03:00:25Z<p>Ler172: /* Overall project */</p>
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<!--- The Mission, Experiments ---><br />
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{| style="color:#1b2c8a;background-color:#FFFFFF;" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="1" border="0" bordercolor="#fff" width="90%" align="center"<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State|Home]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Team|Team]]<br />
!align="center"|[https://igem.org/Team.cgi?year=2010&team_name=Penn_State Official Team Profile]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Project|Project]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Parts|Parts Submitted to the Registry]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Notebook|Notebook]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Human Practices|Human Practices]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Safety|Safety]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Sponsors|Sponsors]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== '''Overall project''' ==<br />
The Penn State Team combined quorum sensing and oxygen sensing promoters to construct a bacterial fireworks genetic circuit. We characterized the transcriptional regulation of the FNR oxygen sensing protein, which derepresses protein expression in the presence of oxygen. We then combined this oxygen sensing promoter with AHL sensing promoters in a positive and negative feedback loop system. While in the "ON" state, the circuit expresses an anaerobic fluorescent protein (AFP), which can emit blue light even when oxygen is not present. When a single cell senses oxygen, it produces the quorum sensing molecule AHL, which then diffuses to activate the circuit in nearby non-oxygenated cells, amplifying the output of the system. The fireworks genetic circuit has memory; once exposed to oxygen it will stay on even in the absence of oxygen. <br />
<br />
Here is a simple example of a problem that our research with oxygen promoters and quorum sensing could solve:<br />
<br />
Imagine a sealed glass vessel. Using our engineered microorganism as an oxygen sensor and light emitting reporter, we want to detect the presence of oxygen, which indicates the potential for spoilage of food, wine, or medicine. Jacketing the preserved contents of the vessel is a thin layer of porous media enmeshed with ''E. coli''. The microorganism contains our plasmid which includes an oxygen-sensing promoter and quorum sensing genes. <br />
<br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:jar_first.png|600px]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
In the event that oxygen leaks into the jar, the top layer of bacteria react by expressing AFP. However, this is a weak indicator. If only the top layer of cells is fluorescing, it will be hard to detect a change at all! Quorum sensing solves this problem by sending a signal to all the surrounding bacteria that will cause them to begin producing AFP.<br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:jar_before.png|600px]]</center><br />
<br />
In this way, only when oxygen-sensing and quorum-sensing are used together will the AFP indicator be a strong enough signal to measure.<br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:jar_final.png|600px]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
This system could also be implemented in other chassis, such as yeast (wine) or Lactobacillus (yogurt), so the food itself could be the sensor. Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) in food would obviously face severe regulatory constraints. To better understand public perception, we created and administered a survey to over 250 randomized students in cooperation with other iGEM teams, especially RMIT. For details, see our [[Team:Penn State/Human Practices|Human Practices]] page.<br />
<br />
<br />
===Project Contributors===<br />
<br />
Penn State iGEM would like to give a big thank you to those who helped us through the process of our project. We really appreciate the help the following people have given us:<br />
<br />
<br />
;Mike Kang<br />
:Mike designed the oxygen promoters that deal with FNR in Dr. Salis' lab. With his help we were able to take his design and assemble the promoters.<br />
<br />
;Trip Garland<br />
:Trip designed the oxygen promoters that deal with arcA in Dr. Salis' lab. Although, we did not get to assemble his designed promoters, they were a potential use for our project.<br />
<br />
:Collectively, Mike and Trip designed and constructed the anaerobic fluorescent protein expression vector.<br />
<br />
;Dr. Leland Glenna<br />
:Dr. Glenna helped guide us in the process of designing our Human Practices survey and also helped us with our statistical analysis of the results.<br />
<br />
;Mike Speer<br />
:Mike was the driving force behind our iGEM team to help us accomplish our goals while we worked in Dr. Richard's lab. Under his guidance, and tested patience, we overcame many obstacles to complete our tasks. Specifically, we would like to thank Mike for his help with the assembly of the Tet inverter to the cI repressor.<br />
<br />
;RMIT-Australia<br />
:RMIT collaborated with us by helping with our Human Practice's project. They distributed our survey to random students at their school, so we could better understand some of the different perspectives on Genetically Modified Organisms across the globe.<br />
<br />
== Project Details==<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Genetic Circuit ===<br />
<br />
The Penn State iGEM team began work and research in mid May. After learning lab techniques from the grad students, we began researching possible topics. We decided to create an oxygen sensing promoter(s) to be coupled with a quorum sensing device.<br />
<br />
<br />
Initially, we transformed Lux Promoters, Constitutive Promoters, LuxI + RBS, LuxR + RBS, Terminators, LacI, LuxR, pLac, cI, RBS, Pigments, FP, LacI + RBS, and cI + RBS. There were issues with several of these parts, which are documented in the [[https://2010.igem.org/Team:Penn_State/Project#Characterization_of_Old_BioBrick_parts Characterization of Old BioBrick Parts]] section.<br />
<br />
For a better understanding of the parts used throughout our project, please refer to the tables below.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<center><br />
{| style="color:blue; background-color:#ffffff;" cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" border="1"<br />
!Lux Promoters<br />
!Lux Promoters<br />
!Constitutive Promoters<br />
!LuxI + RBS<br />
!LuxR + RBS<br />
!Terminator<br />
!AFP<br />
!Tet Promoters<br />
|-<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_K091107 K091107]<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_R1062 R1062]<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_J23108 J23108]<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_C0061 C0061]<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_K376010 K376010]<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_B0010 B0010]<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_K376004 K376004]<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_R0040 R0040]<br />
|-<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_K091146 K091146]<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_R0063 R0063]<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_J23116 J23116]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_B0012 B0012]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_J23100 J23100]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_B1006 B1006]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
</center><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<center><br />
{| style="color:blue; background-color:#ffffff;" cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" border="1"<br />
!LuxR<br />
!cI<br />
!RBS<br />
!RFP + RBS<br />
!LacI + RBS<br />
!cI + RBS<br />
!Tet Repressor<br />
!Super RBS<br />
!Anaerobic Promoters<br />
|-<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_C0062 C0062]<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_C0051 C0051]<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_B0033 B0033]<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_E1010 E1010]<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_J24679 J24679]<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_K081007 K081007]<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_C0040 C0040]<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_K376001 K376001]<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_K376002 K376002]<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_B0034 B0034]<br />
|<br />
|align="center"|<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_P0451 P0451]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
</center><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<center><br />
{| style="color:blue; background-color:#ffffff;" cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" border="1"<br />
!Oxygen Sensitive Promoters<br />
!AFP+RBS<br />
!AFP Generators<br />
!RFP Generators<br />
!Constitutive LuxR Generators<br />
!Tet Inverted Lambda Repressor<br />
|-<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_K376003 K376003]<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_K376004 K376004]<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_K376005 K376005]<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_K376008 K376008]<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_K376011 K376011]<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_K376019 K376019]<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_K376006 K376006]<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_K376009 K376009]<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_K376012 K376012]<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_K376025 K376025]<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_K376013 K376013]<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
</center><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Here is an overview of our genetic circuit. Below, we will take a look at the function of each individual part in detail.<br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:Genetic_Circuit_5.jpg|800px]]</center><br />
<br />
Our genetic circuit is designed to initially be in an anoxic state. However, the cells may be grown aerobically and then switched off using a Tet analog such ATC and/or doxycycline. The goal here was to create a circuit with a very strong "OFF" during anaerobic conditions, and a very strong "ON" during aerobic conditions. Anaerobic fluorescent protein (AFP) is used as an indicator.<br />
<br />
===cI mechanism===<br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:CImovie.gif|cI mechanism]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
The Tet inverter behaves somewhat as a constitutive promoter when no promoter is in front of it. Following the Tet inverter is a cI coding sequence (which codes for the lambda repressor). The lambda repressor binds to the lux promoters in the front of the circuit, which are also lambda repressible. This, coupled with the fact that the conditions are anaerobic, provides a very strong "OFF" switch that does not allow the expression of the Anaerobic Fluorescent Protein (AFP) to occur.<br />
<br />
===FNR breaks apart in oxygen===<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:FNRmovie.gif|FNR breaks apart in Oxygen]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
FNR can act as a repressor or inducer depending on its position relative to the RBS. In nature, an activated FNR dimer represses aerobic functions while inducing anaerobic functions.<br />
<br />
In the event that conditions change to aerobic in our circuit, oxygen molecules break up the dimer formed by FNR, causing the FNR dimer to detach from the oxygen promoter. Assuming that the oxygen promoter used in this assembly is a repressor, the end result will be that the coding sequences following the promoter will begin to be expressed.<br />
<br />
===Ptet is repressed, and the positive feedback loop is switched on===<br />
<center>[[Image:Tet.gif]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
The oxygen promoter is followed by 3 protein coding sequences. Two of them are genes that code for the Tet repressor and LuxI (which produces [N-]acyl-homoserine lactone, or AHL). These two parts serve to strengthen the genetic switch once it has been turned on. The Tet repressor binds to the Tet inverter, causing the expression of the lambda repressor to be switched off. Meanwhile, AHL production resulting from the LuxI gene couples with the constitutively-expressed LuxR in order to activate the Lux promoter at the beginning of the circuit.<br />
<br />
In addition, the Anaerobic Fluorescent Protein begins to be expressed at a high rate.<br />
<br />
===AFP expression ramps up===<br />
<center>[[Image:AFP.gif]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Because both the oxygen promoter and the Lux promoter are turned on as part of the positive feedback loop, AFP is now expressing at a very high rate. This is also bolstered by the fact that that the Super RBS is in front of this protein.<br />
<br />
== The Experiments ==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Oxygen Sensor ===<br />
<br />
The design of the oxygen-sensing promoter was based on the dcuC gene of E. coli. The two binding sites for FNR surrounded the RNAP binding site and were systematically shifted upstream and downstream from this site in multiple constructs, causing overlap of the RNAP binding site in some cases. Using this strategy, five constructs were designed with the constitutive promoter J23113 as the basis for the sequence following the downstream FNR binding site. The construct that worked best as an oxygen-sensing promoter (J6, [[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_K376003 BBa_J376003]]) was fully characterized and is shown below.<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:D5.jpg|800px]]</center><br />
<br />
The oxygen promoters were characterized using a Tecan infinite M1000 microplate reader. Each sample was grown overnight on plates and transferred to a 96 deep-well plate for overnight growth. After 16 hours the samples were tested in the Tecan, where measurements would be taken for around 12 hours. Sometimes, measurement of growth of three successive plates (serially diluted from the preceding one) was needed before the appropriate steady state could be recorded.<br />
<br />
== Results ==<br />
<br />
All measurements were taken using the Tecan Infinite M 1000 spectrophotometer. The following is a graph of the raw fluorescence values recorded by the Tecan for two oxygen promoters, D5 and J6. Each construct was duplicated in the 96-well plate. One was allowed to grow normally under aerobic conditions, while the other sample was covered in 100uL of mineral oil to create an anaerobic environment. Serial dilution of two plates resulted in 3 sets of data for this experiment, as seen below.<br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:Rawoxygen.png|800px]]</center><br />
<br />
The next graph shown is the Raw data for OD for the same constructs shown above. The OD is proportional to the number of cells growing in the media, so dividing the fluorescence by these values is approximately proportional to the fluorescence per cell.<br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:RawODoxygen.png|800px]]</center><br />
<br />
Shown below is the Fluorescence over OD of each sample. As the samples reach steady state, the graph should become a horizontal line. Notice how the graph comes closer and closer to reaching this steady state with each successive plate. Also, it is important to remember that evaporation comes into play here when comparing anaerobic and anaerobic samples with each other. Since the anaerobic samples are covered in mineral oil, it is expected that the evaporation rates of the media underneath is less. This means that, for aerobic cells, the OD becomes artificially inflated as the same number of cells have become concentrated in less and less media. It is not known to what extent the evaporation effect has on these data.<br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:FLUORoverODoxygen.png|800px]]</center><br />
<br />
Next, the fold-change was calculated for each sample. That is, the fluorescence/OD for anaerobic growth of the sample was divided bye fluorescence/OD for the aerobic sample. The same was done for a constitutive promoter expressing AFP. That way, a comparison could be made between constant expression of AFP in an anoxic environment and induced expression.<br />
<br />
===Oxygen Promoter J6===<br />
<center>[[Image:Poxygen.png|800px]]</center><br />
<br />
===Oxygen Promoter D5===<br />
<center>[[Image:D5promoter.png|800px]]</center><br />
<br />
The results are that both promoters indeeed were inducible under anaerobic conditions. The fold-change expression when switching from aerobic to anaerobic is significantly higher than the fold-change expression of the constitutive promoter.<br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:comparison.png|800px]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
===Characterization of Old BioBrick parts===<br />
<br />
When designing our project, we were thinking about using the violacein pigment, BBa_K274002, in our genetic circuit. This part is supposed to be just the coding sequence. Because the tube in the picture below contains only this part with no promoter added, there should be no expression of violacein. However, as can be seen below, the violacein is present. This could be caused by either an undocumented promoter within the part, or a non-insulated BioBrick vector with inefficient flanking transcriptional terminators.<br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:Violacein.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
====Lux Promoter Characterization====<br />
Two Lux-inducible promoters that were already on the registry (K091107 and K091146) were characterized. Because these promoters require AHL and LuxR in order to activate, a construct was created that consisted of a Lux promoter followed by RFP, and a constitutive promoter followed by the LuxR gene. LuxR was expected to be present in excess so that the limiting factor would be AHL. The coding sequences for LuxR and RFP were preceded by the standard RBS B0034. <br />
<br />
The AHL used was OC6-homoserine lactone. It was added to samples in a 96-well plate in concentrations of 0, .1, 1, 10, 100 and 1000nM.<br />
<br />
The results below show no trend in protein expression based on concentration of OC6-homoserine lactone. More research is warranted to provide information about what are the best conditions for chemically inducing the Lux promoters.<br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:1107_108.png|800px]]</center><br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:1107_116_tetR.png|800px]]</center><br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:146_108_tetR.png|800px]]</center><br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:146_116_tetR.png|800px]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
====Inconsistent Sequencing Results====<br />
<br />
Certain parts on the registry have reportedly had inconsistent sequencing results, or not enough information is available to say for certain that the actual part is what its creators think it is. Below is a list of parts for which the Penn State iGEM team repeatedly received the same but inaccurate sequencing results. These findings have been posted on each part's registry page in order to hopefully start a discussion with other teams who may have experienced the same results.<br />
<br />
constitutive promoter [http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_J23108:Experience#User_Reviews J23108]<br />
<br />
<br />
RBS+LuxR [http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_J37033:Experience J37033]<br />
<br />
<br />
Lux promoter [http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_K091107:Experience#User_Reviews K091107]</div>Ler172http://2010.igem.org/Team:Penn_State/ProjectTeam:Penn State/Project2010-10-28T02:56:54Z<p>Ler172: /* cI mechanism */</p>
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<!--- The Mission, Experiments ---><br />
<br />
{| style="color:#1b2c8a;background-color:#FFFFFF;" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="1" border="0" bordercolor="#fff" width="90%" align="center"<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State|Home]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Team|Team]]<br />
!align="center"|[https://igem.org/Team.cgi?year=2010&team_name=Penn_State Official Team Profile]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Project|Project]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Parts|Parts Submitted to the Registry]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Notebook|Notebook]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Human Practices|Human Practices]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Safety|Safety]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Sponsors|Sponsors]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== '''Overall project''' ==<br />
The Penn State Team combined quorum sensing and oxygen sensing promoters to construct a bacterial fireworks genetic circuit. We characterized the transcriptional regulation of the FNR oxygen sensing protein, which derepresses protein expression in the presence of oxygen. We then combined this oxygen sensing promoter with AHL sensing promoters in a positive and negative feedback loop system. While in the "ON" state, the circuit expresses an anaerobic fluorescent protein (AFP), which can emit blue light even when oxygen is not present. When a single cell senses oxygen, it produces the quorum sensing molecule AHL, which then diffuses to activate the circuit in nearby non-oxygenated cells, amplifying the output of the system. The fireworks genetic circuit has memory; once exposed to oxygen it will stay on even in the absence of oxygen. <br />
<br />
Here is a simple example of a problem that our research with oxygen promoters and quorum sensing could solve:<br />
<br />
Imagine a sealed glass vessel. Using our engineered microorganism as an oxygen sensor and light emitting reporter, we want to detect the presence of oxygen, which indicates the potential for spoilage of food, wine, or medicine. Jacketing the preserved contents of the vessel is a thin layer of porous media enmeshed with ''E. coli''. The microorganism contains our plasmid which includes an oxygen-sensing promoter and quorum sensing genes. <br />
<br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:jar_first.png|600px]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
In the event that oxygen leaks into the jar, the top layer of bacteria react by expressing AFP. However, this is a weak indicator. If only the top layer of cells is fluorescing, it will be hard to detect a change at all! Quorum sensing solves this problem by sending a signal to all the surrounding bacteria that will cause them to begin producing AFP.<br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:jar_before.png|600px]]</center><br />
<br />
In this way, only when oxygen-sensing and quorum-sensing are used together will the AFP indicator be a strong enough signal to measure.<br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:jar_final.png|600px]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
This system could also be implemented in other chassis, such as yeast (wine) or Lactobacillus (yogurt), so the food itself could be the sensor. Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) in food would obviously face severe regulatory constraints. To better understand public perception, we created and administered a survey to over 250 randomized students in cooperation with other iGEM teams, especially RMIT. For details, see our [[Human Practices|Human Practices]] page.<br />
<br />
<br />
===Project Contributors===<br />
<br />
Penn State iGEM would like to give a big thank you to those who helped us through the process of our project. We really appreciate the help the following people have given us:<br />
<br />
<br />
;Mike Kang<br />
:Mike designed the oxygen promoters that deal with FNR in Dr. Salis' lab. With his help we were able to take his design and assemble the promoters.<br />
<br />
;Trip Garland<br />
:Trip designed the oxygen promoters that deal with arcA in Dr. Salis' lab. Although, we did not get to assemble his designed promoters, they were a potential use for our project.<br />
<br />
:Collectively, Mike and Trip designed and constructed the anaerobic fluorescent protein expression vector.<br />
<br />
;Dr. Leland Glenna<br />
:Dr. Glenna helped guide us in the process of designing our Human Practices survey and also helped us with our statistical analysis of the results.<br />
<br />
;Mike Speer<br />
:Mike was the driving force behind our iGEM team to help us accomplish our goals while we worked in Dr. Richard's lab. Under his guidance, and tested patience, we overcame many obstacles to complete our tasks. Specifically, we would like to thank Mike for his help with the assembly of the Tet inverter to the cI repressor.<br />
<br />
;RMIT-Australia<br />
:RMIT collaborated with us by helping with our Human Practice's project. They distributed our survey to random students at their school, so we could better understand some of the different perspectives on Genetically Modified Organisms across the globe.<br />
<br />
== Project Details==<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Genetic Circuit ===<br />
<br />
The Penn State iGEM team began work and research in mid May. After learning lab techniques from the grad students, we began researching possible topics. We decided to create an oxygen sensing promoter(s) to be coupled with a quorum sensing device.<br />
<br />
<br />
Initially, we transformed Lux Promoters, Constitutive Promoters, LuxI + RBS, LuxR + RBS, Terminators, LacI, LuxR, pLac, cI, RBS, Pigments, FP, LacI + RBS, and cI + RBS. There were issues with several of these parts, which are documented in the [[https://2010.igem.org/Team:Penn_State/Project#Characterization_of_Old_BioBrick_parts Characterization of Old BioBrick Parts]] section.<br />
<br />
For a better understanding of the parts used throughout our project, please refer to the tables below.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<center><br />
{| style="color:blue; background-color:#ffffff;" cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" border="1"<br />
!Lux Promoters<br />
!Lux Promoters<br />
!Constitutive Promoters<br />
!LuxI + RBS<br />
!LuxR + RBS<br />
!Terminator<br />
!AFP<br />
!Tet Promoters<br />
|-<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_K091107 K091107]<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_R1062 R1062]<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_J23108 J23108]<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_C0061 C0061]<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_K376010 K376010]<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_B0010 B0010]<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_K376004 K376004]<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_R0040 R0040]<br />
|-<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_K091146 K091146]<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_R0063 R0063]<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_J23116 J23116]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_B0012 B0012]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_J23100 J23100]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_B1006 B1006]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
</center><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<center><br />
{| style="color:blue; background-color:#ffffff;" cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" border="1"<br />
!LuxR<br />
!cI<br />
!RBS<br />
!RFP + RBS<br />
!LacI + RBS<br />
!cI + RBS<br />
!Tet Repressor<br />
!Super RBS<br />
!Anaerobic Promoters<br />
|-<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_C0062 C0062]<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_C0051 C0051]<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_B0033 B0033]<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_E1010 E1010]<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_J24679 J24679]<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_K081007 K081007]<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_C0040 C0040]<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_K376001 K376001]<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_K376002 K376002]<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_B0034 B0034]<br />
|<br />
|align="center"|<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_P0451 P0451]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
</center><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<center><br />
{| style="color:blue; background-color:#ffffff;" cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" border="1"<br />
!Oxygen Sensitive Promoters<br />
!AFP+RBS<br />
!AFP Generators<br />
!RFP Generators<br />
!Constitutive LuxR Generators<br />
!Tet Inverted Lambda Repressor<br />
|-<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_K376003 K376003]<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_K376004 K376004]<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_K376005 K376005]<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_K376008 K376008]<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_K376011 K376011]<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_K376019 K376019]<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_K376006 K376006]<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_K376009 K376009]<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_K376012 K376012]<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_K376025 K376025]<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_K376013 K376013]<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
</center><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Here is an overview of our genetic circuit. Below, we will take a look at the function of each individual part in detail.<br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:Genetic_Circuit_5.jpg|800px]]</center><br />
<br />
Our genetic circuit is designed to initially be in an anoxic state. However, the cells may be grown aerobically and then switched off using a Tet analog such ATC and/or doxycycline. The goal here was to create a circuit with a very strong "OFF" during anaerobic conditions, and a very strong "ON" during aerobic conditions. Anaerobic fluorescent protein (AFP) is used as an indicator.<br />
<br />
===cI mechanism===<br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:CImovie.gif|cI mechanism]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
The Tet inverter behaves somewhat as a constitutive promoter when no promoter is in front of it. Following the Tet inverter is a cI coding sequence (which codes for the lambda repressor). The lambda repressor binds to the lux promoters in the front of the circuit, which are also lambda repressible. This, coupled with the fact that the conditions are anaerobic, provides a very strong "OFF" switch that does not allow the expression of the Anaerobic Fluorescent Protein (AFP) to occur.<br />
<br />
===FNR breaks apart in oxygen===<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:FNRmovie.gif|FNR breaks apart in Oxygen]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
FNR can act as a repressor or inducer depending on its position relative to the RBS. In nature, an activated FNR dimer represses aerobic functions while inducing anaerobic functions.<br />
<br />
In the event that conditions change to aerobic in our circuit, oxygen molecules break up the dimer formed by FNR, causing the FNR dimer to detach from the oxygen promoter. Assuming that the oxygen promoter used in this assembly is a repressor, the end result will be that the coding sequences following the promoter will begin to be expressed.<br />
<br />
===Ptet is repressed, and the positive feedback loop is switched on===<br />
<center>[[Image:Tet.gif]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
The oxygen promoter is followed by 3 protein coding sequences. Two of them are genes that code for the Tet repressor and LuxI (which produces [N-]acyl-homoserine lactone, or AHL). These two parts serve to strengthen the genetic switch once it has been turned on. The Tet repressor binds to the Tet inverter, causing the expression of the lambda repressor to be switched off. Meanwhile, AHL production resulting from the LuxI gene couples with the constitutively-expressed LuxR in order to activate the Lux promoter at the beginning of the circuit.<br />
<br />
In addition, the Anaerobic Fluorescent Protein begins to be expressed at a high rate.<br />
<br />
===AFP expression ramps up===<br />
<center>[[Image:AFP.gif]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Because both the oxygen promoter and the Lux promoter are turned on as part of the positive feedback loop, AFP is now expressing at a very high rate. This is also bolstered by the fact that that the Super RBS is in front of this protein.<br />
<br />
== The Experiments ==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Oxygen Sensor ===<br />
<br />
The design of the oxygen-sensing promoter was based on the dcuC gene of E. coli. The two binding sites for FNR surrounded the RNAP binding site and were systematically shifted upstream and downstream from this site in multiple constructs, causing overlap of the RNAP binding site in some cases. Using this strategy, five constructs were designed with the constitutive promoter J23113 as the basis for the sequence following the downstream FNR binding site. The construct that worked best as an oxygen-sensing promoter (J6, [[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_K376003 BBa_J376003]]) was fully characterized and is shown below.<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:D5.jpg|800px]]</center><br />
<br />
The oxygen promoters were characterized using a Tecan infinite M1000 microplate reader. Each sample was grown overnight on plates and transferred to a 96 deep-well plate for overnight growth. After 16 hours the samples were tested in the Tecan, where measurements would be taken for around 12 hours. Sometimes, measurement of growth of three successive plates (serially diluted from the preceding one) was needed before the appropriate steady state could be recorded.<br />
<br />
== Results ==<br />
<br />
All measurements were taken using the Tecan Infinite M 1000 spectrophotometer. The following is a graph of the raw fluorescence values recorded by the Tecan for two oxygen promoters, D5 and J6. Each construct was duplicated in the 96-well plate. One was allowed to grow normally under aerobic conditions, while the other sample was covered in 100uL of mineral oil to create an anaerobic environment. Serial dilution of two plates resulted in 3 sets of data for this experiment, as seen below.<br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:Rawoxygen.png|800px]]</center><br />
<br />
The next graph shown is the Raw data for OD for the same constructs shown above. The OD is proportional to the number of cells growing in the media, so dividing the fluorescence by these values is approximately proportional to the fluorescence per cell.<br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:RawODoxygen.png|800px]]</center><br />
<br />
Shown below is the Fluorescence over OD of each sample. As the samples reach steady state, the graph should become a horizontal line. Notice how the graph comes closer and closer to reaching this steady state with each successive plate. Also, it is important to remember that evaporation comes into play here when comparing anaerobic and anaerobic samples with each other. Since the anaerobic samples are covered in mineral oil, it is expected that the evaporation rates of the media underneath is less. This means that, for aerobic cells, the OD becomes artificially inflated as the same number of cells have become concentrated in less and less media. It is not known to what extent the evaporation effect has on these data.<br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:FLUORoverODoxygen.png|800px]]</center><br />
<br />
Next, the fold-change was calculated for each sample. That is, the fluorescence/OD for anaerobic growth of the sample was divided bye fluorescence/OD for the aerobic sample. The same was done for a constitutive promoter expressing AFP. That way, a comparison could be made between constant expression of AFP in an anoxic environment and induced expression.<br />
<br />
===Oxygen Promoter J6===<br />
<center>[[Image:Poxygen.png|800px]]</center><br />
<br />
===Oxygen Promoter D5===<br />
<center>[[Image:D5promoter.png|800px]]</center><br />
<br />
The results are that both promoters indeeed were inducible under anaerobic conditions. The fold-change expression when switching from aerobic to anaerobic is significantly higher than the fold-change expression of the constitutive promoter.<br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:comparison.png|800px]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
===Characterization of Old BioBrick parts===<br />
<br />
When designing our project, we were thinking about using the violacein pigment, BBa_K274002, in our genetic circuit. This part is supposed to be just the coding sequence. Because the tube in the picture below contains only this part with no promoter added, there should be no expression of violacein. However, as can be seen below, the violacein is present. This could be caused by either an undocumented promoter within the part, or a non-insulated BioBrick vector with inefficient flanking transcriptional terminators.<br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:Violacein.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
====Lux Promoter Characterization====<br />
Two Lux-inducible promoters that were already on the registry (K091107 and K091146) were characterized. Because these promoters require AHL and LuxR in order to activate, a construct was created that consisted of a Lux promoter followed by RFP, and a constitutive promoter followed by the LuxR gene. LuxR was expected to be present in excess so that the limiting factor would be AHL. The coding sequences for LuxR and RFP were preceded by the standard RBS B0034. <br />
<br />
The AHL used was OC6-homoserine lactone. It was added to samples in a 96-well plate in concentrations of 0, .1, 1, 10, 100 and 1000nM.<br />
<br />
The results below show no trend in protein expression based on concentration of OC6-homoserine lactone. More research is warranted to provide information about what are the best conditions for chemically inducing the Lux promoters.<br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:1107_108.png|800px]]</center><br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:1107_116_tetR.png|800px]]</center><br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:146_108_tetR.png|800px]]</center><br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:146_116_tetR.png|800px]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
====Inconsistent Sequencing Results====<br />
<br />
Certain parts on the registry have reportedly had inconsistent sequencing results, or not enough information is available to say for certain that the actual part is what its creators think it is. Below is a list of parts for which the Penn State iGEM team repeatedly received the same but inaccurate sequencing results. These findings have been posted on each part's registry page in order to hopefully start a discussion with other teams who may have experienced the same results.<br />
<br />
constitutive promoter [http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_J23108:Experience#User_Reviews J23108]<br />
<br />
<br />
RBS+LuxR [http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_J37033:Experience J37033]<br />
<br />
<br />
Lux promoter [http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_K091107:Experience#User_Reviews K091107]</div>Ler172http://2010.igem.org/Team:Penn_State/Human_PracticesTeam:Penn State/Human Practices2010-10-28T02:50:49Z<p>Ler172: /* Demographics */</p>
<hr />
<div><html><br />
<style>#globalWrapper {<br />
background-image: url(http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:pkNNff6vnoqKGM:b) !important;<br />
background-repeat: repeat;}<br />
<br />
</style><br />
</html><br />
<br />
{| style="color:#1b2c8a;background-color:#FFFFFF;" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="1" border="0" bordercolor="#fff" width="90%" align="center"<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State|Home]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Team|Team]]<br />
!align="center"|[https://igem.org/Team.cgi?year=2010&team_name=Penn_State Official Team Profile]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Project|Project]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Parts|Parts Submitted to the Registry]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Notebook|Notebook]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Human Practices|Human Practices]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Safety|Safety]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Sponsors|Sponsors]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Penn State iGEM 2010==<br />
<br />
This year, Penn State iGEM created a survey about Genetically Modified Organisms(GMOs) in Agriculture. The survey included questions about where and when GMOs should be used, GMOs containing a "cell-death" mechanism, and other questions dealing with the use of GMOs. For this survey, we decided we wanted to get a random sample of college-aged students from around the world. All of the other iGEM teams were contacted and asked to participate in sending our survey to a group of random students from their respective schools. In order to distribute the survey to their schools, the iGEM teams were asked to undergo training required by their school or country necessary to distribute surveys. Of all of the teams, the University of British Columbia, Georgia Tech, Harvard, RMIT Australia, USTC and USTC Software, Uppsala University, The Citadel, and UCSF showed interest in helping us distribute our survey. Unfortunately, mosts schools received few responses, with the University of British Columbia having one, Georgia Tech having none, Harvard four, USTC and USTC Software seven, Uppsala University none, The Citadel one, and UCSF nine. In addition, four were listed as other, which we believe were from UCSF. We believe that they misunderstood our intentions of the survey and instead of distributing the survey to other members of their university, they took it themselves. '''RMIT Australia''' did receive permission from their ethics committee to distribute the survey to random students at their school and collected 191 responses for us. Unfortunately, we were not able to gather their responses in time to include in our survey analysis, so we listed their results separately. We really appreciative their cooperation and willingness to help and collaborate with us! They did an amazing job! <br />
<br />
<br />
Our results are presented as the Northern Hemisphere (comprised of mostly the United States) and the Southern Hemisphere (comprised of solely Australia).<br />
<br />
<br />
In order for our team to create and distribute the survey, training by the Institutional Review Board was necessary. Documentation of the students who worked on the survey can be found on our [[Team:Penn State/Safety|safety page]].<br />
<br />
==Northern Hemisphere Results==<br />
Overall, we were able to gather a broad array of information that can be portrayed to show the general beliefs of college aged students on the principles of GMOs, research involving genetic engineering, and the use of a "cell-death" mechanism to be implemented in bacteria.<br />
<br />
===Significant Results===<br />
<br />
* A person who trusts their nation's policies and regulations is more likely to be accepting of GMOs.<br />
<br />
* A person who trusts scientists is more likely to be accepting of GMOs.<br />
<br />
* A person who supports the use of GMOs is more likely to support "cell-death" mechanisms<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Tables of cross-tabulations and chi-squares of some prominent factors which showed great significance]]<br />
<br />
<br />
===Less Significant Results===<br />
<br />
* A person's home location has some effect on certain GMO applications.<br />
<br />
* A person's major study area has some effect on certain GMO applications.<br />
**One example of this was that science and engineering students tended to have a greater acceptance of the applications of GMOs than those of other majors.<br />
<br />
==Comparison==<br />
As compared to the results of the respondents from the Northern Hemisphere, the Southern Hemisphere had similar opinions of GMOs. Both places had a large amount of respondents who were supportive of the use of GMOs in different applications.<br />
<br />
[[Image:comparison_1.JPG|800px]]<br />
<br />
<br />
A significant difference between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres was the proximity in which the person would like to live near an area where GMOs are used. As depicted below, those students of the Southern Hemisphere have a greater dislike of GMOs being used in a farm, field or stream than those students in the Northern Hemisphere. Both sets of students have similar acceptance of GMOs used in a factory or laboratory, but would not necessarily want to live close to them. The difference in opinions between the two geographical groups of respondents on the acceptance of GMOs used in a farm, field or stream is striking; this difference was not expected. It would be an interesting study to collect more data and point out the factors that cause the students from the Northern Hemisphere to have such differing views from those of the Southern Hemisphere pertaining to GMO proximity.<br />
<br />
[[Image:comparison_2.JPG|900px]]<br />
<br />
==Northern Hemisphere Specific Question Results==<br />
<br />
[[Image:survey_question_1.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_2.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_11.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_3.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_4.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_5.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_6.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_7.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_8.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_9.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_10.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_12.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_13.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_16.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_17.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_18.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_19.jpg|400px]]<br />
<br />
===Demographic Results===<br />
<br />
[[Demograhic Results]]<br />
<br />
==Southern Hemisphere Specific Question Results==<br />
<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_1.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_3.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_4.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_5.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_6.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_9.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_10.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_11.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_12.JPG|400px]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Demographic Results===<br />
[[Demographics]]</div>Ler172http://2010.igem.org/DemographicsDemographics2010-10-28T02:50:21Z<p>Ler172: New page: 400px 400px 400px 400px [[Team:Penn State/Human Pr...</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:Australia_survey_13.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_14.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_15.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_16.JPG|400px]]<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Team:Penn State/Human Practices|Back to Human Practices page]]</div>Ler172http://2010.igem.org/Team:Penn_State/Human_PracticesTeam:Penn State/Human Practices2010-10-28T02:49:16Z<p>Ler172: /* Southern Hemisphere Specific Question Results */</p>
<hr />
<div><html><br />
<style>#globalWrapper {<br />
background-image: url(http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:pkNNff6vnoqKGM:b) !important;<br />
background-repeat: repeat;}<br />
<br />
</style><br />
</html><br />
<br />
{| style="color:#1b2c8a;background-color:#FFFFFF;" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="1" border="0" bordercolor="#fff" width="90%" align="center"<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State|Home]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Team|Team]]<br />
!align="center"|[https://igem.org/Team.cgi?year=2010&team_name=Penn_State Official Team Profile]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Project|Project]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Parts|Parts Submitted to the Registry]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Notebook|Notebook]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Human Practices|Human Practices]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Safety|Safety]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Sponsors|Sponsors]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Penn State iGEM 2010==<br />
<br />
This year, Penn State iGEM created a survey about Genetically Modified Organisms(GMOs) in Agriculture. The survey included questions about where and when GMOs should be used, GMOs containing a "cell-death" mechanism, and other questions dealing with the use of GMOs. For this survey, we decided we wanted to get a random sample of college-aged students from around the world. All of the other iGEM teams were contacted and asked to participate in sending our survey to a group of random students from their respective schools. In order to distribute the survey to their schools, the iGEM teams were asked to undergo training required by their school or country necessary to distribute surveys. Of all of the teams, the University of British Columbia, Georgia Tech, Harvard, RMIT Australia, USTC and USTC Software, Uppsala University, The Citadel, and UCSF showed interest in helping us distribute our survey. Unfortunately, mosts schools received few responses, with the University of British Columbia having one, Georgia Tech having none, Harvard four, USTC and USTC Software seven, Uppsala University none, The Citadel one, and UCSF nine. In addition, four were listed as other, which we believe were from UCSF. We believe that they misunderstood our intentions of the survey and instead of distributing the survey to other members of their university, they took it themselves. '''RMIT Australia''' did receive permission from their ethics committee to distribute the survey to random students at their school and collected 191 responses for us. Unfortunately, we were not able to gather their responses in time to include in our survey analysis, so we listed their results separately. We really appreciative their cooperation and willingness to help and collaborate with us! They did an amazing job! <br />
<br />
<br />
Our results are presented as the Northern Hemisphere (comprised of mostly the United States) and the Southern Hemisphere (comprised of solely Australia).<br />
<br />
<br />
In order for our team to create and distribute the survey, training by the Institutional Review Board was necessary. Documentation of the students who worked on the survey can be found on our [[Team:Penn State/Safety|safety page]].<br />
<br />
==Northern Hemisphere Results==<br />
Overall, we were able to gather a broad array of information that can be portrayed to show the general beliefs of college aged students on the principles of GMOs, research involving genetic engineering, and the use of a "cell-death" mechanism to be implemented in bacteria.<br />
<br />
===Significant Results===<br />
<br />
* A person who trusts their nation's policies and regulations is more likely to be accepting of GMOs.<br />
<br />
* A person who trusts scientists is more likely to be accepting of GMOs.<br />
<br />
* A person who supports the use of GMOs is more likely to support "cell-death" mechanisms<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Tables of cross-tabulations and chi-squares of some prominent factors which showed great significance]]<br />
<br />
<br />
===Less Significant Results===<br />
<br />
* A person's home location has some effect on certain GMO applications.<br />
<br />
* A person's major study area has some effect on certain GMO applications.<br />
**One example of this was that science and engineering students tended to have a greater acceptance of the applications of GMOs than those of other majors.<br />
<br />
==Comparison==<br />
As compared to the results of the respondents from the Northern Hemisphere, the Southern Hemisphere had similar opinions of GMOs. Both places had a large amount of respondents who were supportive of the use of GMOs in different applications.<br />
<br />
[[Image:comparison_1.JPG|800px]]<br />
<br />
<br />
A significant difference between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres was the proximity in which the person would like to live near an area where GMOs are used. As depicted below, those students of the Southern Hemisphere have a greater dislike of GMOs being used in a farm, field or stream than those students in the Northern Hemisphere. Both sets of students have similar acceptance of GMOs used in a factory or laboratory, but would not necessarily want to live close to them. The difference in opinions between the two geographical groups of respondents on the acceptance of GMOs used in a farm, field or stream is striking; this difference was not expected. It would be an interesting study to collect more data and point out the factors that cause the students from the Northern Hemisphere to have such differing views from those of the Southern Hemisphere pertaining to GMO proximity.<br />
<br />
[[Image:comparison_2.JPG|900px]]<br />
<br />
==Northern Hemisphere Specific Question Results==<br />
<br />
[[Image:survey_question_1.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_2.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_11.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_3.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_4.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_5.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_6.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_7.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_8.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_9.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_10.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_12.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_13.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_16.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_17.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_18.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_19.jpg|400px]]<br />
<br />
===Demographic Results===<br />
<br />
[[Demograhic Results]]<br />
<br />
==Southern Hemisphere Specific Question Results==<br />
<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_1.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_3.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_4.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_5.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_6.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_9.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_10.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_11.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_12.JPG|400px]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Demographics===<br />
[[Demographics]]</div>Ler172http://2010.igem.org/Team:Penn_State/Human_PracticesTeam:Penn State/Human Practices2010-10-28T02:47:40Z<p>Ler172: /* Southern Hemisphere Specific Question Results */</p>
<hr />
<div><html><br />
<style>#globalWrapper {<br />
background-image: url(http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:pkNNff6vnoqKGM:b) !important;<br />
background-repeat: repeat;}<br />
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</style><br />
</html><br />
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{| style="color:#1b2c8a;background-color:#FFFFFF;" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="1" border="0" bordercolor="#fff" width="90%" align="center"<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State|Home]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Team|Team]]<br />
!align="center"|[https://igem.org/Team.cgi?year=2010&team_name=Penn_State Official Team Profile]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Project|Project]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Parts|Parts Submitted to the Registry]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Notebook|Notebook]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Human Practices|Human Practices]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Safety|Safety]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Sponsors|Sponsors]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Penn State iGEM 2010==<br />
<br />
This year, Penn State iGEM created a survey about Genetically Modified Organisms(GMOs) in Agriculture. The survey included questions about where and when GMOs should be used, GMOs containing a "cell-death" mechanism, and other questions dealing with the use of GMOs. For this survey, we decided we wanted to get a random sample of college-aged students from around the world. All of the other iGEM teams were contacted and asked to participate in sending our survey to a group of random students from their respective schools. In order to distribute the survey to their schools, the iGEM teams were asked to undergo training required by their school or country necessary to distribute surveys. Of all of the teams, the University of British Columbia, Georgia Tech, Harvard, RMIT Australia, USTC and USTC Software, Uppsala University, The Citadel, and UCSF showed interest in helping us distribute our survey. Unfortunately, mosts schools received few responses, with the University of British Columbia having one, Georgia Tech having none, Harvard four, USTC and USTC Software seven, Uppsala University none, The Citadel one, and UCSF nine. In addition, four were listed as other, which we believe were from UCSF. We believe that they misunderstood our intentions of the survey and instead of distributing the survey to other members of their university, they took it themselves. '''RMIT Australia''' did receive permission from their ethics committee to distribute the survey to random students at their school and collected 191 responses for us. Unfortunately, we were not able to gather their responses in time to include in our survey analysis, so we listed their results separately. We really appreciative their cooperation and willingness to help and collaborate with us! They did an amazing job! <br />
<br />
<br />
Our results are presented as the Northern Hemisphere (comprised of mostly the United States) and the Southern Hemisphere (comprised of solely Australia).<br />
<br />
<br />
In order for our team to create and distribute the survey, training by the Institutional Review Board was necessary. Documentation of the students who worked on the survey can be found on our [[Team:Penn State/Safety|safety page]].<br />
<br />
==Northern Hemisphere Results==<br />
Overall, we were able to gather a broad array of information that can be portrayed to show the general beliefs of college aged students on the principles of GMOs, research involving genetic engineering, and the use of a "cell-death" mechanism to be implemented in bacteria.<br />
<br />
===Significant Results===<br />
<br />
* A person who trusts their nation's policies and regulations is more likely to be accepting of GMOs.<br />
<br />
* A person who trusts scientists is more likely to be accepting of GMOs.<br />
<br />
* A person who supports the use of GMOs is more likely to support "cell-death" mechanisms<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Tables of cross-tabulations and chi-squares of some prominent factors which showed great significance]]<br />
<br />
<br />
===Less Significant Results===<br />
<br />
* A person's home location has some effect on certain GMO applications.<br />
<br />
* A person's major study area has some effect on certain GMO applications.<br />
**One example of this was that science and engineering students tended to have a greater acceptance of the applications of GMOs than those of other majors.<br />
<br />
==Comparison==<br />
As compared to the results of the respondents from the Northern Hemisphere, the Southern Hemisphere had similar opinions of GMOs. Both places had a large amount of respondents who were supportive of the use of GMOs in different applications.<br />
<br />
[[Image:comparison_1.JPG|800px]]<br />
<br />
<br />
A significant difference between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres was the proximity in which the person would like to live near an area where GMOs are used. As depicted below, those students of the Southern Hemisphere have a greater dislike of GMOs being used in a farm, field or stream than those students in the Northern Hemisphere. Both sets of students have similar acceptance of GMOs used in a factory or laboratory, but would not necessarily want to live close to them. The difference in opinions between the two geographical groups of respondents on the acceptance of GMOs used in a farm, field or stream is striking; this difference was not expected. It would be an interesting study to collect more data and point out the factors that cause the students from the Northern Hemisphere to have such differing views from those of the Southern Hemisphere pertaining to GMO proximity.<br />
<br />
[[Image:comparison_2.JPG|900px]]<br />
<br />
==Northern Hemisphere Specific Question Results==<br />
<br />
[[Image:survey_question_1.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_2.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_11.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_3.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_4.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_5.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_6.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_7.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_8.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_9.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_10.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_12.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_13.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_16.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_17.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_18.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_19.jpg|400px]]<br />
<br />
===Demographic Results===<br />
<br />
[[Demograhic Results]]<br />
<br />
==Southern Hemisphere Specific Question Results==<br />
<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_1.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_3.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_4.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_5.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_6.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_9.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_10.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_11.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_12.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_13.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_14.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_15.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_16.JPG|400px]]<br />
<br />
<br />
===Demographics===<br />
[[Demographics]]</div>Ler172http://2010.igem.org/Team:Penn_State/Human_PracticesTeam:Penn State/Human Practices2010-10-28T02:46:38Z<p>Ler172: /* Comparison */</p>
<hr />
<div><html><br />
<style>#globalWrapper {<br />
background-image: url(http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:pkNNff6vnoqKGM:b) !important;<br />
background-repeat: repeat;}<br />
<br />
</style><br />
</html><br />
<br />
{| style="color:#1b2c8a;background-color:#FFFFFF;" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="1" border="0" bordercolor="#fff" width="90%" align="center"<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State|Home]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Team|Team]]<br />
!align="center"|[https://igem.org/Team.cgi?year=2010&team_name=Penn_State Official Team Profile]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Project|Project]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Parts|Parts Submitted to the Registry]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Notebook|Notebook]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Human Practices|Human Practices]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Safety|Safety]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Sponsors|Sponsors]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Penn State iGEM 2010==<br />
<br />
This year, Penn State iGEM created a survey about Genetically Modified Organisms(GMOs) in Agriculture. The survey included questions about where and when GMOs should be used, GMOs containing a "cell-death" mechanism, and other questions dealing with the use of GMOs. For this survey, we decided we wanted to get a random sample of college-aged students from around the world. All of the other iGEM teams were contacted and asked to participate in sending our survey to a group of random students from their respective schools. In order to distribute the survey to their schools, the iGEM teams were asked to undergo training required by their school or country necessary to distribute surveys. Of all of the teams, the University of British Columbia, Georgia Tech, Harvard, RMIT Australia, USTC and USTC Software, Uppsala University, The Citadel, and UCSF showed interest in helping us distribute our survey. Unfortunately, mosts schools received few responses, with the University of British Columbia having one, Georgia Tech having none, Harvard four, USTC and USTC Software seven, Uppsala University none, The Citadel one, and UCSF nine. In addition, four were listed as other, which we believe were from UCSF. We believe that they misunderstood our intentions of the survey and instead of distributing the survey to other members of their university, they took it themselves. '''RMIT Australia''' did receive permission from their ethics committee to distribute the survey to random students at their school and collected 191 responses for us. Unfortunately, we were not able to gather their responses in time to include in our survey analysis, so we listed their results separately. We really appreciative their cooperation and willingness to help and collaborate with us! They did an amazing job! <br />
<br />
<br />
Our results are presented as the Northern Hemisphere (comprised of mostly the United States) and the Southern Hemisphere (comprised of solely Australia).<br />
<br />
<br />
In order for our team to create and distribute the survey, training by the Institutional Review Board was necessary. Documentation of the students who worked on the survey can be found on our [[Team:Penn State/Safety|safety page]].<br />
<br />
==Northern Hemisphere Results==<br />
Overall, we were able to gather a broad array of information that can be portrayed to show the general beliefs of college aged students on the principles of GMOs, research involving genetic engineering, and the use of a "cell-death" mechanism to be implemented in bacteria.<br />
<br />
===Significant Results===<br />
<br />
* A person who trusts their nation's policies and regulations is more likely to be accepting of GMOs.<br />
<br />
* A person who trusts scientists is more likely to be accepting of GMOs.<br />
<br />
* A person who supports the use of GMOs is more likely to support "cell-death" mechanisms<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Tables of cross-tabulations and chi-squares of some prominent factors which showed great significance]]<br />
<br />
<br />
===Less Significant Results===<br />
<br />
* A person's home location has some effect on certain GMO applications.<br />
<br />
* A person's major study area has some effect on certain GMO applications.<br />
**One example of this was that science and engineering students tended to have a greater acceptance of the applications of GMOs than those of other majors.<br />
<br />
==Comparison==<br />
As compared to the results of the respondents from the Northern Hemisphere, the Southern Hemisphere had similar opinions of GMOs. Both places had a large amount of respondents who were supportive of the use of GMOs in different applications.<br />
<br />
[[Image:comparison_1.JPG|800px]]<br />
<br />
<br />
A significant difference between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres was the proximity in which the person would like to live near an area where GMOs are used. As depicted below, those students of the Southern Hemisphere have a greater dislike of GMOs being used in a farm, field or stream than those students in the Northern Hemisphere. Both sets of students have similar acceptance of GMOs used in a factory or laboratory, but would not necessarily want to live close to them. The difference in opinions between the two geographical groups of respondents on the acceptance of GMOs used in a farm, field or stream is striking; this difference was not expected. It would be an interesting study to collect more data and point out the factors that cause the students from the Northern Hemisphere to have such differing views from those of the Southern Hemisphere pertaining to GMO proximity.<br />
<br />
[[Image:comparison_2.JPG|900px]]<br />
<br />
==Northern Hemisphere Specific Question Results==<br />
<br />
[[Image:survey_question_1.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_2.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_11.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_3.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_4.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_5.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_6.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_7.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_8.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_9.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_10.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_12.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_13.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_16.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_17.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_18.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_19.jpg|400px]]<br />
<br />
===Demographic Results===<br />
<br />
[[Demograhic Results]]<br />
<br />
==Southern Hemisphere Specific Question Results==<br />
<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_1.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_3.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_4.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_5.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_6.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_9.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_10.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_11.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_12.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_13.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_14.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_15.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_16.JPG|400px]]</div>Ler172http://2010.igem.org/Team:Penn_State/Human_PracticesTeam:Penn State/Human Practices2010-10-28T02:45:30Z<p>Ler172: /* Less Significant Results */</p>
<hr />
<div><html><br />
<style>#globalWrapper {<br />
background-image: url(http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:pkNNff6vnoqKGM:b) !important;<br />
background-repeat: repeat;}<br />
<br />
</style><br />
</html><br />
<br />
{| style="color:#1b2c8a;background-color:#FFFFFF;" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="1" border="0" bordercolor="#fff" width="90%" align="center"<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State|Home]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Team|Team]]<br />
!align="center"|[https://igem.org/Team.cgi?year=2010&team_name=Penn_State Official Team Profile]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Project|Project]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Parts|Parts Submitted to the Registry]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Notebook|Notebook]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Human Practices|Human Practices]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Safety|Safety]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Sponsors|Sponsors]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Penn State iGEM 2010==<br />
<br />
This year, Penn State iGEM created a survey about Genetically Modified Organisms(GMOs) in Agriculture. The survey included questions about where and when GMOs should be used, GMOs containing a "cell-death" mechanism, and other questions dealing with the use of GMOs. For this survey, we decided we wanted to get a random sample of college-aged students from around the world. All of the other iGEM teams were contacted and asked to participate in sending our survey to a group of random students from their respective schools. In order to distribute the survey to their schools, the iGEM teams were asked to undergo training required by their school or country necessary to distribute surveys. Of all of the teams, the University of British Columbia, Georgia Tech, Harvard, RMIT Australia, USTC and USTC Software, Uppsala University, The Citadel, and UCSF showed interest in helping us distribute our survey. Unfortunately, mosts schools received few responses, with the University of British Columbia having one, Georgia Tech having none, Harvard four, USTC and USTC Software seven, Uppsala University none, The Citadel one, and UCSF nine. In addition, four were listed as other, which we believe were from UCSF. We believe that they misunderstood our intentions of the survey and instead of distributing the survey to other members of their university, they took it themselves. '''RMIT Australia''' did receive permission from their ethics committee to distribute the survey to random students at their school and collected 191 responses for us. Unfortunately, we were not able to gather their responses in time to include in our survey analysis, so we listed their results separately. We really appreciative their cooperation and willingness to help and collaborate with us! They did an amazing job! <br />
<br />
<br />
Our results are presented as the Northern Hemisphere (comprised of mostly the United States) and the Southern Hemisphere (comprised of solely Australia).<br />
<br />
<br />
In order for our team to create and distribute the survey, training by the Institutional Review Board was necessary. Documentation of the students who worked on the survey can be found on our [[Team:Penn State/Safety|safety page]].<br />
<br />
==Northern Hemisphere Results==<br />
Overall, we were able to gather a broad array of information that can be portrayed to show the general beliefs of college aged students on the principles of GMOs, research involving genetic engineering, and the use of a "cell-death" mechanism to be implemented in bacteria.<br />
<br />
===Significant Results===<br />
<br />
* A person who trusts their nation's policies and regulations is more likely to be accepting of GMOs.<br />
<br />
* A person who trusts scientists is more likely to be accepting of GMOs.<br />
<br />
* A person who supports the use of GMOs is more likely to support "cell-death" mechanisms<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Tables of cross-tabulations and chi-squares of some prominent factors which showed great significance]]<br />
<br />
<br />
===Less Significant Results===<br />
<br />
* A person's home location has some effect on certain GMO applications.<br />
<br />
* A person's major study area has some effect on certain GMO applications.<br />
**One example of this was that science and engineering students tended to have a greater acceptance of the applications of GMOs than those of other majors.<br />
<br />
==Comparison==<br />
As compared to the results of the respondents from the Northern Hemisphere, the Southern Hemisphere had similar opinions of GMOs. Both places had a large amount of respondents who were supportive of the use of GMOs in different applications.<br />
<br />
[[Image:comparison_1.JPG|800px]]<br />
<br />
<br />
A significant difference between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres was the proximity in which the person would like to live near an area where GMOs are used. As depicted below, those students of the Southern Hemisphere have a greater dislike of GMOs being used in a farm, field or stream than those students in the Northern Hemisphere. Both sets of students have similar acceptance of GMOs used in a factory or laboratory, but would not necessarily want to live close to them. The difference in opinions between the two geographical groups of respondents on the acceptance of GMOs used in a farm, field or stream is striking; this difference was not expected. It would be an interesting study to collect more data and point out the factors that cause the students from the Northern Hemisphere to have such differing views from those of Southern Hemisphere pertaining to GMO proximity.<br />
<br />
[[Image:comparison_2.JPG|900px]]<br />
<br />
==Northern Hemisphere Specific Question Results==<br />
<br />
[[Image:survey_question_1.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_2.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_11.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_3.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_4.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_5.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_6.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_7.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_8.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_9.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_10.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_12.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_13.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_16.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_17.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_18.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_19.jpg|400px]]<br />
<br />
===Demographic Results===<br />
<br />
[[Demograhic Results]]<br />
<br />
==Southern Hemisphere Specific Question Results==<br />
<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_1.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_3.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_4.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_5.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_6.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_9.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_10.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_11.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_12.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_13.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_14.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_15.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_16.JPG|400px]]</div>Ler172http://2010.igem.org/Team:Penn_State/Human_PracticesTeam:Penn State/Human Practices2010-10-28T01:55:14Z<p>Ler172: </p>
<hr />
<div><html><br />
<style>#globalWrapper {<br />
background-image: url(http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:pkNNff6vnoqKGM:b) !important;<br />
background-repeat: repeat;}<br />
<br />
</style><br />
</html><br />
<br />
{| style="color:#1b2c8a;background-color:#FFFFFF;" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="1" border="0" bordercolor="#fff" width="90%" align="center"<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State|Home]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Team|Team]]<br />
!align="center"|[https://igem.org/Team.cgi?year=2010&team_name=Penn_State Official Team Profile]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Project|Project]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Parts|Parts Submitted to the Registry]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Notebook|Notebook]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Human Practices|Human Practices]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Safety|Safety]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Sponsors|Sponsors]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Penn State iGEM 2010==<br />
<br />
This year, Penn State iGEM created a survey about Genetically Modified Organisms(GMOs) in Agriculture. The survey included questions about where and when GMOs should be used, GMOs containing a "cell-death" mechanism, and other questions dealing with the use of GMOs. For this survey, we decided we wanted to get a random sample of college-aged students from around the world. All of the other iGEM teams were contacted and asked to participate in sending our survey to a group of random students from their respective schools. In order to distribute the survey to their schools, the iGEM teams were asked to undergo training required by their school or country necessary to distribute surveys. Of all of the teams, the University of British Columbia, Georgia Tech, Harvard, RMIT Australia, USTC and USTC Software, Uppsala University, The Citadel, and UCSF showed interest in helping us distribute our survey. Unfortunately, mosts schools received few responses, with the University of British Columbia having one, Georgia Tech having none, Harvard four, USTC and USTC Software seven, Uppsala University none, The Citadel one, and UCSF nine. In addition, four were listed as other, which we believe were from UCSF. We believe that they misunderstood our intentions of the survey and instead of distributing the survey to other members of their university, they took it themselves. '''RMIT Australia''' did receive permission from their ethics committee to distribute the survey to random students at their school and collected 191 responses for us. Unfortunately, we were not able to gather their responses in time to include in our survey analysis, so we listed their results separately. We really appreciative their cooperation and willingness to help and collaborate with us! They did an amazing job! <br />
<br />
<br />
Our results are presented as the Northern Hemisphere (comprised of mostly the United States) and the Southern Hemisphere (comprised of solely Australia).<br />
<br />
<br />
In order for our team to create and distribute the survey, training by the Institutional Review Board was necessary. Documentation of the students who worked on the survey can be found on our [[Team:Penn State/Safety|safety page]].<br />
<br />
==Northern Hemisphere Results==<br />
Overall, we were able to gather a broad array of information that can be portrayed to show the general beliefs of college aged students on the principles of GMOs, research involving genetic engineering, and the use of a "cell-death" mechanism to be implemented in bacteria.<br />
<br />
===Significant Results===<br />
<br />
* A person who trusts their nation's policies and regulations is more likely to be accepting of GMOs.<br />
<br />
* A person who trusts scientists is more likely to be accepting of GMOs.<br />
<br />
* A person who supports the use of GMOs is more likely to support "cell-death" mechanisms<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Tables of cross-tabulations and chi-squares of some prominent factors which showed great significance]]<br />
<br />
<br />
===Less Significant Results===<br />
<br />
* A person's home location has some effect on certain GMO applications.<br />
<br />
* A person's major study area has some effect on certain GMO applications.<br />
**One example of this is, science and engineering students tended to have a greater acceptance of the applications of GMOs than did those of other majors.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Comparison==<br />
As compared to the results of the respondents from the Northern Hemisphere, the Southern Hemisphere had similar opinions of GMOs. Both places had a large amount of respondents who were supportive of the use of GMOs in different applications.<br />
<br />
[[Image:comparison_1.JPG|800px]]<br />
<br />
<br />
A significant difference between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres was the proximity in which the person would like to live near an area where GMOs are used. As depicted below, those students of the Southern Hemisphere have a greater dislike of GMOs being used in a farm, field or stream than those students in the Northern Hemisphere. Both sets of students have similar acceptance of GMOs used in a factory or laboratory, but would not necessarily want to live close to them. The difference in opinions between the two geographical groups of respondents on the acceptance of GMOs used in a farm, field or stream is striking; this difference was not expected. It would be an interesting study to collect more data and point out the factors that cause the students from the Northern Hemisphere to have such differing views from those of Southern Hemisphere pertaining to GMO proximity.<br />
<br />
[[Image:comparison_2.JPG|900px]]<br />
<br />
==Northern Hemisphere Specific Question Results==<br />
<br />
[[Image:survey_question_1.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_2.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_11.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_3.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_4.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_5.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_6.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_7.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_8.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_9.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_10.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_12.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_13.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_16.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_17.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_18.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_19.jpg|400px]]<br />
<br />
===Demographic Results===<br />
<br />
[[Demograhic Results]]<br />
<br />
==Southern Hemisphere Specific Question Results==<br />
<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_1.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_3.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_4.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_5.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_6.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_9.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_10.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_11.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_12.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_13.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_14.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_15.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_16.JPG|400px]]</div>Ler172http://2010.igem.org/Team:Penn_State/Human_PracticesTeam:Penn State/Human Practices2010-10-28T01:42:31Z<p>Ler172: /* Northern Hemisphere Specific Question Results */</p>
<hr />
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<style>#globalWrapper {<br />
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{| style="color:#1b2c8a;background-color:#FFFFFF;" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="1" border="0" bordercolor="#fff" width="90%" align="center"<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State|Home]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Team|Team]]<br />
!align="center"|[https://igem.org/Team.cgi?year=2010&team_name=Penn_State Official Team Profile]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Project|Project]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Parts|Parts Submitted to the Registry]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Notebook|Notebook]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Human Practices|Human Practices]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Safety|Safety]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Sponsors|Sponsors]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Penn State iGEM 2010==<br />
<br />
This year, Penn State iGEM created a survey about Genetically Modified Organisms(GMOs) in Agriculture. The survey included questions about where and when GMOs should be used, GMOs containing a "cell-death" mechanism, and other questions dealing with the use of GMOs. For this survey, we decided we wanted to get a random sample of college-aged students from around the world. All of the other iGEM teams were contacted and asked to participate in sending our survey to a group of random students from their respective schools. In order to distribute the survey to their schools, the iGEM teams were asked to undergo training required by their school or country necessary to distribute surveys. Of all of the teams, the University of British Columbia, Georgia Tech, Harvard, RMIT Australia, USTC and USTC Software, Uppsala University, The Citadel, and UCSF showed interest in helping us distribute our survey. Unfortunately, mosts schools received few responses, with the University of British Columbia having one, Georgia Tech having none, Harvard four, USTC and USTC Software seven, Uppsala University none, The Citadel one, and UCSF nine. In addition, four were listed as other, which we believe were from UCSF. We believe that they misunderstood our intentions of the survey and instead of distributing the survey to other members of their university, they took it themselves. '''RMIT Australia''' did receive permission from their ethics committee to distribute the survey to random students at their school and collected 191 responses for us. Unfortunately, we were not able to gather their responses in time to include in our survey analysis, so we listed their results separately. We really appreciative their cooperation and willingness to help and collaborate with us! They did an amazing job! <br />
<br />
<br />
Our results are presented as the Northern Hemisphere (comprised of mostly the United States) and the Southern Hemisphere (comprised of solely Australia).<br />
<br />
<br />
In order for our team to create and distribute the survey, training by the Institutional Review Board was necessary. Documentation of the students who worked on the survey can be found on our [[Team:Penn State/Safety|safety page]].<br />
<br />
==Northern Hemisphere Results==<br />
Overall, we were able to gather a broad array of information that can be portrayed to show the general beliefs of college aged students on the principles of GMOs, research involving genetic engineering, and the use of a "cell-death" mechanism to be implemented in bacteria.<br />
<br />
===Significant Results===<br />
<br />
* A person who trusts their nation's policies and regulations is more likely to be accepting of GMOs.<br />
<br />
* A person who trusts scientists is more likely to be accepting of GMOs.<br />
<br />
* A person who supports the use of GMOs is more likely to support "cell-death" mechanisms<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Tables of cross-tabulations and chi-squares of some prominent factors which showed great significance]]<br />
<br />
<br />
===Less Significant Results===<br />
<br />
* A person's home location has some effect on certain GMO applications.<br />
<br />
* A person's major study area has some effect on certain GMO application.<br />
<br />
**One example of this is, science and engineering students tended to have a greater acceptance of the applications of GMOs than did those of other majors.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Comparison==<br />
As compared to the results of the respondents from the Northern Hemisphere, the Southern Hemisphere had similar opinions of GMOs. Both places had a large amount of respondents who were supportive of the use of GMOs in different applications.<br />
<br />
[[Image:comparison_1.JPG|800px]]<br />
<br />
<br />
A significant difference between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres was the proximity in which the person would like to live near an area where GMOs are used. As depicted below, those students of the Southern Hemisphere have a greater dislike of GMOs being used in a farm, field or stream than those students in the Northern Hemisphere. Both sets of students have similar acceptance of GMOs used in a factory or laboratory, but would not necessarily want to live close to them. The difference in opinions between the two geographical groups of respondents on the acceptance of GMOs used in a farm, field or stream is striking; this difference was not expected. It would be an interesting study to collect more data and point out the factors that cause the students from the Northern Hemisphere to have such differing views from those of Southern Hemisphere pertaining to GMO proximity.<br />
<br />
[[Image:comparison_2.JPG|900px]]<br />
<br />
==Northern Hemisphere Specific Question Results==<br />
<br />
[[Image:survey_question_1.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_2.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_11.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_3.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_4.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_5.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_6.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_7.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_8.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_9.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_10.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_12.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_13.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_16.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_17.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_18.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_19.jpg|400px]]<br />
<br />
===Demographic Results===<br />
<br />
[[Demograhic Results]]<br />
<br />
==Southern Hemisphere Specific Question Results==<br />
<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_1.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_3.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_4.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_5.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_6.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_9.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_10.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_11.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_12.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_13.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_14.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_15.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_16.JPG|400px]]</div>Ler172http://2010.igem.org/Team:Penn_State/Human_PracticesTeam:Penn State/Human Practices2010-10-28T01:31:30Z<p>Ler172: /* Northern Hemisphere Question Results */</p>
<hr />
<div><html><br />
<style>#globalWrapper {<br />
background-image: url(http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:pkNNff6vnoqKGM:b) !important;<br />
background-repeat: repeat;}<br />
<br />
</style><br />
</html><br />
<br />
{| style="color:#1b2c8a;background-color:#FFFFFF;" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="1" border="0" bordercolor="#fff" width="90%" align="center"<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State|Home]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Team|Team]]<br />
!align="center"|[https://igem.org/Team.cgi?year=2010&team_name=Penn_State Official Team Profile]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Project|Project]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Parts|Parts Submitted to the Registry]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Notebook|Notebook]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Human Practices|Human Practices]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Safety|Safety]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Sponsors|Sponsors]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Penn State iGEM 2010==<br />
<br />
This year, Penn State iGEM created a survey about Genetically Modified Organisms(GMOs) in Agriculture. The survey included questions about where and when GMOs should be used, GMOs containing a "cell-death" mechanism, and other questions dealing with the use of GMOs. For this survey, we decided we wanted to get a random sample of college-aged students from around the world. All of the other iGEM teams were contacted and asked to participate in sending our survey to a group of random students from their respective schools. In order to distribute the survey to their schools, the iGEM teams were asked to undergo training required by their school or country necessary to distribute surveys. Of all of the teams, the University of British Columbia, Georgia Tech, Harvard, RMIT Australia, USTC and USTC Software, Uppsala University, The Citadel, and UCSF showed interest in helping us distribute our survey. Unfortunately, mosts schools received few responses, with the University of British Columbia having one, Georgia Tech having none, Harvard four, USTC and USTC Software seven, Uppsala University none, The Citadel one, and UCSF nine. In addition, four were listed as other, which we believe were from UCSF. We believe that they misunderstood our intentions of the survey and instead of distributing the survey to other members of their university, they took it themselves. '''RMIT Australia''' did receive permission from their ethics committee to distribute the survey to random students at their school and collected 191 responses for us. Unfortunately, we were not able to gather their responses in time to include in our survey analysis, so we listed their results separately. We really appreciative their cooperation and willingness to help and collaborate with us! They did an amazing job! <br />
<br />
<br />
Our results are presented as the Northern Hemisphere (comprised of mostly the United States) and the Southern Hemisphere (comprised of solely Australia).<br />
<br />
<br />
In order for our team to create and distribute the survey, training by the Institutional Review Board was necessary. Documentation of the students who worked on the survey can be found on our [[Team:Penn State/Safety|safety page]].<br />
<br />
==Northern Hemisphere Results==<br />
Overall, we were able to gather a broad array of information that can be portrayed to show the general beliefs of college aged students on the principles of GMOs, research involving genetic engineering, and the use of a "cell-death" mechanism to be implemented in bacteria.<br />
<br />
===Significant Results===<br />
<br />
* A person who trusts their nation's policies and regulations is more likely to be accepting of GMOs.<br />
<br />
* A person who trusts scientists is more likely to be accepting of GMOs.<br />
<br />
* A person who supports the use of GMOs is more likely to support "cell-death" mechanisms<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Tables of cross-tabulations and chi-squares of some prominent factors which showed great significance]]<br />
<br />
<br />
===Less Significant Results===<br />
<br />
* A person's home location has some effect on certain GMO applications.<br />
<br />
* A person's major study area has some effect on certain GMO application.<br />
<br />
**One example of this is, science and engineering students tended to have a greater acceptance of the applications of GMOs than did those of other majors.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Comparison==<br />
As compared to the results of the respondents from the Northern Hemisphere, the Southern Hemisphere had similar opinions of GMOs. Both places had a large amount of respondents who were supportive of the use of GMOs in different applications.<br />
<br />
[[Image:comparison_1.JPG|800px]]<br />
<br />
<br />
A significant difference between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres was the proximity in which the person would like to live near an area where GMOs are used. As depicted below, those students of the Southern Hemisphere have a greater dislike of GMOs being used in a farm, field or stream than those students in the Northern Hemisphere. Both sets of students have similar acceptance of GMOs used in a factory or laboratory, but would not necessarily want to live close to them. The difference in opinions between the two geographical groups of respondents on the acceptance of GMOs used in a farm, field or stream is striking; this difference was not expected. It would be an interesting study to collect more data and point out the factors that cause the students from the Northern Hemisphere to have such differing views from those of Southern Hemisphere pertaining to GMO proximity.<br />
<br />
[[Image:comparison_2.JPG|900px]]<br />
<br />
==Northern Hemisphere Specific Question Results==<br />
<br />
[[Image:survey_question_1.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_2.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_11.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_3.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_4.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_5.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_6.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_7.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_8.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_9.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_10.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_12.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_13.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_14.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_15.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_16.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_17.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_18.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_19.jpg|400px]]<br />
<br />
===Demographic Results===<br />
<br />
[[Demograhic Results]]<br />
<br />
==Southern Hemisphere Specific Question Results==<br />
<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_1.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_3.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_4.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_5.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_6.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_9.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_10.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_11.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_12.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_13.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_14.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_15.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_16.JPG|400px]]</div>Ler172http://2010.igem.org/Team:Penn_State/Human_PracticesTeam:Penn State/Human Practices2010-10-28T01:28:38Z<p>Ler172: /* North America Question Specific Results */</p>
<hr />
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{| style="color:#1b2c8a;background-color:#FFFFFF;" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="1" border="0" bordercolor="#fff" width="90%" align="center"<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State|Home]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Team|Team]]<br />
!align="center"|[https://igem.org/Team.cgi?year=2010&team_name=Penn_State Official Team Profile]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Project|Project]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Parts|Parts Submitted to the Registry]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Notebook|Notebook]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Human Practices|Human Practices]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Safety|Safety]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Sponsors|Sponsors]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Penn State iGEM 2010==<br />
<br />
This year, Penn State iGEM created a survey about Genetically Modified Organisms(GMOs) in Agriculture. The survey included questions about where and when GMOs should be used, GMOs containing a "cell-death" mechanism, and other questions dealing with the use of GMOs. For this survey, we decided we wanted to get a random sample of college-aged students from around the world. All of the other iGEM teams were contacted and asked to participate in sending our survey to a group of random students from their respective schools. In order to distribute the survey to their schools, the iGEM teams were asked to undergo training required by their school or country necessary to distribute surveys. Of all of the teams, the University of British Columbia, Georgia Tech, Harvard, RMIT Australia, USTC and USTC Software, Uppsala University, The Citadel, and UCSF showed interest in helping us distribute our survey. Unfortunately, mosts schools received few responses, with the University of British Columbia having one, Georgia Tech having none, Harvard four, USTC and USTC Software seven, Uppsala University none, The Citadel one, and UCSF nine. In addition, four were listed as other, which we believe were from UCSF. We believe that they misunderstood our intentions of the survey and instead of distributing the survey to other members of their university, they took it themselves. '''RMIT Australia''' did receive permission from their ethics committee to distribute the survey to random students at their school and collected 191 responses for us. Unfortunately, we were not able to gather their responses in time to include in our survey analysis, so we listed their results separately. We really appreciative their cooperation and willingness to help and collaborate with us! They did an amazing job! <br />
<br />
<br />
Our results are presented as the Northern Hemisphere (comprised of mostly the United States) and the Southern Hemisphere (comprised of solely Australia).<br />
<br />
<br />
In order for our team to create and distribute the survey, training by the Institutional Review Board was necessary. Documentation of the students who worked on the survey can be found on our [[Team:Penn State/Safety|safety page]].<br />
<br />
==Northern Hemisphere Results==<br />
Overall, we were able to gather a broad array of information that can be portrayed to show the general beliefs of college aged students on the principles of GMOs, research involving genetic engineering, and the use of a "cell-death" mechanism to be implemented in bacteria.<br />
<br />
===Significant Results===<br />
<br />
* A person who trusts their nation's policies and regulations is more likely to be accepting of GMOs.<br />
<br />
* A person who trusts scientists is more likely to be accepting of GMOs.<br />
<br />
* A person who supports the use of GMOs is more likely to support "cell-death" mechanisms<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Tables of cross-tabulations and chi-squares of some prominent factors which showed great significance]]<br />
<br />
<br />
===Less Significant Results===<br />
<br />
* A person's home location has some effect on certain GMO applications.<br />
<br />
* A person's major study area has some effect on certain GMO application.<br />
<br />
**One example of this is, science and engineering students tended to have a greater acceptance of the applications of GMOs than did those of other majors.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Comparison==<br />
As compared to the results of the respondents from the Northern Hemisphere, the Southern Hemisphere had similar opinions of GMOs. Both places had a large amount of respondents who were supportive of the use of GMOs in different applications.<br />
<br />
[[Image:comparison_1.JPG|800px]]<br />
<br />
<br />
A significant difference between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres was the proximity in which the person would like to live near an area where GMOs are used. As depicted below, those students of the Southern Hemisphere have a greater dislike of GMOs being used in a farm, field or stream than those students in the Northern Hemisphere. Both sets of students have similar acceptance of GMOs used in a factory or laboratory, but would not necessarily want to live close to them. The difference in opinions between the two geographical groups of respondents on the acceptance of GMOs used in a farm, field or stream is striking; this difference was not expected. It would be an interesting study to collect more data and point out the factors that cause the students from the Northern Hemisphere to have such differing views from those of Southern Hemisphere pertaining to GMO proximity.<br />
<br />
[[Image:comparison_2.JPG|900px]]<br />
<br />
==Northern Hemisphere Specific Question Results==<br />
<br />
[[Image:survey_question_1.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_2.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_11.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_3.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_4.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_5.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_6.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_7.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_8.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_9.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_10.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_12.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_13.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_14.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_15.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_16.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_17.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_18.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_19.jpg|400px]]<br />
<br />
===Demographic Results===<br />
<br />
[[Demograhic Results]]<br />
<br />
==Northern Hemisphere Question Results==<br />
<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_1.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_3.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_4.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_5.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_6.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_9.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_10.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_11.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_12.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_13.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_14.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_15.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_16.JPG|400px]]</div>Ler172http://2010.igem.org/Team:Penn_State/Human_PracticesTeam:Penn State/Human Practices2010-10-28T01:28:03Z<p>Ler172: /* Comparison */</p>
<hr />
<div><html><br />
<style>#globalWrapper {<br />
background-image: url(http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:pkNNff6vnoqKGM:b) !important;<br />
background-repeat: repeat;}<br />
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</html><br />
<br />
{| style="color:#1b2c8a;background-color:#FFFFFF;" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="1" border="0" bordercolor="#fff" width="90%" align="center"<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State|Home]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Team|Team]]<br />
!align="center"|[https://igem.org/Team.cgi?year=2010&team_name=Penn_State Official Team Profile]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Project|Project]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Parts|Parts Submitted to the Registry]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Notebook|Notebook]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Human Practices|Human Practices]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Safety|Safety]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Sponsors|Sponsors]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Penn State iGEM 2010==<br />
<br />
This year, Penn State iGEM created a survey about Genetically Modified Organisms(GMOs) in Agriculture. The survey included questions about where and when GMOs should be used, GMOs containing a "cell-death" mechanism, and other questions dealing with the use of GMOs. For this survey, we decided we wanted to get a random sample of college-aged students from around the world. All of the other iGEM teams were contacted and asked to participate in sending our survey to a group of random students from their respective schools. In order to distribute the survey to their schools, the iGEM teams were asked to undergo training required by their school or country necessary to distribute surveys. Of all of the teams, the University of British Columbia, Georgia Tech, Harvard, RMIT Australia, USTC and USTC Software, Uppsala University, The Citadel, and UCSF showed interest in helping us distribute our survey. Unfortunately, mosts schools received few responses, with the University of British Columbia having one, Georgia Tech having none, Harvard four, USTC and USTC Software seven, Uppsala University none, The Citadel one, and UCSF nine. In addition, four were listed as other, which we believe were from UCSF. We believe that they misunderstood our intentions of the survey and instead of distributing the survey to other members of their university, they took it themselves. '''RMIT Australia''' did receive permission from their ethics committee to distribute the survey to random students at their school and collected 191 responses for us. Unfortunately, we were not able to gather their responses in time to include in our survey analysis, so we listed their results separately. We really appreciative their cooperation and willingness to help and collaborate with us! They did an amazing job! <br />
<br />
<br />
Our results are presented as the Northern Hemisphere (comprised of mostly the United States) and the Southern Hemisphere (comprised of solely Australia).<br />
<br />
<br />
In order for our team to create and distribute the survey, training by the Institutional Review Board was necessary. Documentation of the students who worked on the survey can be found on our [[Team:Penn State/Safety|safety page]].<br />
<br />
==Northern Hemisphere Results==<br />
Overall, we were able to gather a broad array of information that can be portrayed to show the general beliefs of college aged students on the principles of GMOs, research involving genetic engineering, and the use of a "cell-death" mechanism to be implemented in bacteria.<br />
<br />
===Significant Results===<br />
<br />
* A person who trusts their nation's policies and regulations is more likely to be accepting of GMOs.<br />
<br />
* A person who trusts scientists is more likely to be accepting of GMOs.<br />
<br />
* A person who supports the use of GMOs is more likely to support "cell-death" mechanisms<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Tables of cross-tabulations and chi-squares of some prominent factors which showed great significance]]<br />
<br />
<br />
===Less Significant Results===<br />
<br />
* A person's home location has some effect on certain GMO applications.<br />
<br />
* A person's major study area has some effect on certain GMO application.<br />
<br />
**One example of this is, science and engineering students tended to have a greater acceptance of the applications of GMOs than did those of other majors.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Comparison==<br />
As compared to the results of the respondents from the Northern Hemisphere, the Southern Hemisphere had similar opinions of GMOs. Both places had a large amount of respondents who were supportive of the use of GMOs in different applications.<br />
<br />
[[Image:comparison_1.JPG|800px]]<br />
<br />
<br />
A significant difference between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres was the proximity in which the person would like to live near an area where GMOs are used. As depicted below, those students of the Southern Hemisphere have a greater dislike of GMOs being used in a farm, field or stream than those students in the Northern Hemisphere. Both sets of students have similar acceptance of GMOs used in a factory or laboratory, but would not necessarily want to live close to them. The difference in opinions between the two geographical groups of respondents on the acceptance of GMOs used in a farm, field or stream is striking; this difference was not expected. It would be an interesting study to collect more data and point out the factors that cause the students from the Northern Hemisphere to have such differing views from those of Southern Hemisphere pertaining to GMO proximity.<br />
<br />
[[Image:comparison_2.JPG|900px]]<br />
<br />
==North America Question Specific Results==<br />
<br />
[[Image:survey_question_1.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_2.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_11.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_3.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_4.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_5.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_6.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_7.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_8.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_9.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_10.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_12.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_13.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_14.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_15.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_16.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_17.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_18.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_19.jpg|400px]]<br />
<br />
===Demographic Results===<br />
<br />
[[Demograhic Results]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Northern Hemisphere Question Results==<br />
<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_1.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_3.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_4.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_5.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_6.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_9.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_10.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_11.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_12.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_13.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_14.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_15.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_16.JPG|400px]]</div>Ler172http://2010.igem.org/Team:Penn_State/Human_PracticesTeam:Penn State/Human Practices2010-10-28T01:21:25Z<p>Ler172: /* Comparison */</p>
<hr />
<div><html><br />
<style>#globalWrapper {<br />
background-image: url(http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:pkNNff6vnoqKGM:b) !important;<br />
background-repeat: repeat;}<br />
<br />
</style><br />
</html><br />
<br />
{| style="color:#1b2c8a;background-color:#FFFFFF;" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="1" border="0" bordercolor="#fff" width="90%" align="center"<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State|Home]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Team|Team]]<br />
!align="center"|[https://igem.org/Team.cgi?year=2010&team_name=Penn_State Official Team Profile]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Project|Project]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Parts|Parts Submitted to the Registry]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Notebook|Notebook]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Human Practices|Human Practices]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Safety|Safety]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Sponsors|Sponsors]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Penn State iGEM 2010==<br />
<br />
This year, Penn State iGEM created a survey about Genetically Modified Organisms(GMOs) in Agriculture. The survey included questions about where and when GMOs should be used, GMOs containing a "cell-death" mechanism, and other questions dealing with the use of GMOs. For this survey, we decided we wanted to get a random sample of college-aged students from around the world. All of the other iGEM teams were contacted and asked to participate in sending our survey to a group of random students from their respective schools. In order to distribute the survey to their schools, the iGEM teams were asked to undergo training required by their school or country necessary to distribute surveys. Of all of the teams, the University of British Columbia, Georgia Tech, Harvard, RMIT Australia, USTC and USTC Software, Uppsala University, The Citadel, and UCSF showed interest in helping us distribute our survey. Unfortunately, mosts schools received few responses, with the University of British Columbia having one, Georgia Tech having none, Harvard four, USTC and USTC Software seven, Uppsala University none, The Citadel one, and UCSF nine. In addition, four were listed as other, which we believe were from UCSF. We believe that they misunderstood our intentions of the survey and instead of distributing the survey to other members of their university, they took it themselves. '''RMIT Australia''' did receive permission from their ethics committee to distribute the survey to random students at their school and collected 191 responses for us. Unfortunately, we were not able to gather their responses in time to include in our survey analysis, so we listed their results separately. We really appreciative their cooperation and willingness to help and collaborate with us! They did an amazing job! <br />
<br />
<br />
Our results are presented as the Northern Hemisphere (comprised of mostly the United States) and the Southern Hemisphere (comprised of solely Australia).<br />
<br />
<br />
In order for our team to create and distribute the survey, training by the Institutional Review Board was necessary. Documentation of the students who worked on the survey can be found on our [[Team:Penn State/Safety|safety page]].<br />
<br />
==Northern Hemisphere Results==<br />
Overall, we were able to gather a broad array of information that can be portrayed to show the general beliefs of college aged students on the principles of GMOs, research involving genetic engineering, and the use of a "cell-death" mechanism to be implemented in bacteria.<br />
<br />
===Significant Results===<br />
<br />
* A person who trusts their nation's policies and regulations is more likely to be accepting of GMOs.<br />
<br />
* A person who trusts scientists is more likely to be accepting of GMOs.<br />
<br />
* A person who supports the use of GMOs is more likely to support "cell-death" mechanisms<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Tables of cross-tabulations and chi-squares of some prominent factors which showed great significance]]<br />
<br />
<br />
===Less Significant Results===<br />
<br />
* A person's home location has some effect on certain GMO applications.<br />
<br />
* A person's major study area has some effect on certain GMO application.<br />
<br />
**One example of this is, science and engineering students tended to have a greater acceptance of the applications of GMOs than did those of other majors.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Comparison==<br />
As compared to the results of the respondents from the United States, RMIT Australia had similar opinions of GMOs. Both places had a large amount of respondents who were supportive of the use of GMOs in different applications.<br />
<br />
[[Image:comparison_1.JPG|800px]]<br />
<br />
<br />
One of the major differences between the United States responses and RMIT Australia was the proximity in which the person would like to live near an area where GMOs are used. As depicted below, those students at RMIT have a greater dislike of GMOs being used in a farm, field or stream than those students in the U.S. Both sets of students have similar acceptance of GMOs used in a factory or laboratory, but would not necessarily want to live close to them. The difference in opinions between the two geographical groups of respondents on the acceptance of GMOs used in a farm, field or stream is striking; this difference was not expected. It would be an interesting study to collect more data and point out the factors that cause the students from the United States to have such differing views from those of Australia pertaining to GMO proximity.<br />
<br />
[[Image:comparison_2.JPG|900px]]<br />
<br />
==North America Question Specific Results==<br />
<br />
[[Image:survey_question_1.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_2.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_11.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_3.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_4.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_5.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_6.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_7.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_8.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_9.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_10.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_12.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_13.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_14.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_15.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_16.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_17.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_18.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_19.jpg|400px]]<br />
<br />
===Demographic Results===<br />
<br />
[[Demograhic Results]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Northern Hemisphere Question Results==<br />
<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_1.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_3.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_4.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_5.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_6.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_9.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_10.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_11.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_12.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_13.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_14.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_15.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_16.JPG|400px]]</div>Ler172http://2010.igem.org/Team:Penn_State/Human_PracticesTeam:Penn State/Human Practices2010-10-28T01:20:19Z<p>Ler172: </p>
<hr />
<div><html><br />
<style>#globalWrapper {<br />
background-image: url(http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:pkNNff6vnoqKGM:b) !important;<br />
background-repeat: repeat;}<br />
<br />
</style><br />
</html><br />
<br />
{| style="color:#1b2c8a;background-color:#FFFFFF;" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="1" border="0" bordercolor="#fff" width="90%" align="center"<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State|Home]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Team|Team]]<br />
!align="center"|[https://igem.org/Team.cgi?year=2010&team_name=Penn_State Official Team Profile]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Project|Project]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Parts|Parts Submitted to the Registry]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Notebook|Notebook]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Human Practices|Human Practices]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Safety|Safety]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Sponsors|Sponsors]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Penn State iGEM 2010==<br />
<br />
This year, Penn State iGEM created a survey about Genetically Modified Organisms(GMOs) in Agriculture. The survey included questions about where and when GMOs should be used, GMOs containing a "cell-death" mechanism, and other questions dealing with the use of GMOs. For this survey, we decided we wanted to get a random sample of college-aged students from around the world. All of the other iGEM teams were contacted and asked to participate in sending our survey to a group of random students from their respective schools. In order to distribute the survey to their schools, the iGEM teams were asked to undergo training required by their school or country necessary to distribute surveys. Of all of the teams, the University of British Columbia, Georgia Tech, Harvard, RMIT Australia, USTC and USTC Software, Uppsala University, The Citadel, and UCSF showed interest in helping us distribute our survey. Unfortunately, mosts schools received few responses, with the University of British Columbia having one, Georgia Tech having none, Harvard four, USTC and USTC Software seven, Uppsala University none, The Citadel one, and UCSF nine. In addition, four were listed as other, which we believe were from UCSF. We believe that they misunderstood our intentions of the survey and instead of distributing the survey to other members of their university, they took it themselves. '''RMIT Australia''' did receive permission from their ethics committee to distribute the survey to random students at their school and collected 191 responses for us. Unfortunately, we were not able to gather their responses in time to include in our survey analysis, so we listed their results separately. We really appreciative their cooperation and willingness to help and collaborate with us! They did an amazing job! <br />
<br />
<br />
Our results are presented as the Northern Hemisphere (comprised of mostly the United States) and the Southern Hemisphere (comprised of solely Australia).<br />
<br />
<br />
In order for our team to create and distribute the survey, training by the Institutional Review Board was necessary. Documentation of the students who worked on the survey can be found on our [[Team:Penn State/Safety|safety page]].<br />
<br />
==Northern Hemisphere Results==<br />
Overall, we were able to gather a broad array of information that can be portrayed to show the general beliefs of college aged students on the principles of GMOs, research involving genetic engineering, and the use of a "cell-death" mechanism to be implemented in bacteria.<br />
<br />
===Significant Results===<br />
<br />
* A person who trusts their nation's policies and regulations is more likely to be accepting of GMOs.<br />
<br />
* A person who trusts scientists is more likely to be accepting of GMOs.<br />
<br />
* A person who supports the use of GMOs is more likely to support "cell-death" mechanisms<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Tables of cross-tabulations and chi-squares of some prominent factors which showed great significance]]<br />
<br />
<br />
===Less Significant Results===<br />
<br />
* A person's home location has some effect on certain GMO applications.<br />
<br />
* A person's major study area has some effect on certain GMO application.<br />
<br />
**One example of this is, science and engineering students tended to have a greater acceptance of the applications of GMOs than did those of other majors.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Comparison==<br />
As compared to the results of the respondents from the United States, RMIT Australia had similar opinions of GMOs. Both places had a large amount of respondents who were supportive of the use of GMOs in different applications.<br />
<br />
[[Image:comparison_1.JPG]]<br />
<br />
<br />
One of the major differences between the United States responses and RMIT Australia was the proximity in which the person would like to live near an area where GMOs are used. As depicted below, those students at RMIT have a greater dislike of GMOs being used in a farm, field or stream than those students in the U.S. Both sets of students have similar acceptance of GMOs used in a factory or laboratory, but would not necessarily want to live close to them. The difference in opinions between the two geographical groups of respondents on the acceptance of GMOs used in a farm, field or stream is striking; this difference was not expected. It would be an interesting study to collect more data and point out the factors that cause the students from the United States to have such differing views from those of Australia pertaining to GMO proximity.<br />
<br />
[[Image:comparison_2.JPG]]<br />
<br />
<br />
==North America Question Specific Results==<br />
<br />
[[Image:survey_question_1.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_2.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_11.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_3.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_4.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_5.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_6.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_7.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_8.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_9.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_10.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_12.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_13.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_14.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_15.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_16.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_17.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_18.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_19.jpg|400px]]<br />
<br />
===Demographic Results===<br />
<br />
[[Demograhic Results]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Northern Hemisphere Question Results==<br />
<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_1.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_3.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_4.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_5.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_6.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_9.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_10.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_11.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_12.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_13.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_14.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_15.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_16.JPG|400px]]</div>Ler172http://2010.igem.org/Team:Penn_State/Human_PracticesTeam:Penn State/Human Practices2010-10-28T01:17:44Z<p>Ler172: /* Comparison */</p>
<hr />
<div><html><br />
<style>#globalWrapper {<br />
background-image: url(http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:pkNNff6vnoqKGM:b) !important;<br />
background-repeat: repeat;}<br />
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</style><br />
</html><br />
<br />
{| style="color:#1b2c8a;background-color:#FFFFFF;" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="1" border="0" bordercolor="#fff" width="90%" align="center"<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State|Home]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Team|Team]]<br />
!align="center"|[https://igem.org/Team.cgi?year=2010&team_name=Penn_State Official Team Profile]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Project|Project]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Parts|Parts Submitted to the Registry]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Notebook|Notebook]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Human Practices|Human Practices]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Safety|Safety]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Sponsors|Sponsors]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Penn State iGEM 2010==<br />
<br />
This year, Penn State iGEM created a survey about Genetically Modified Organisms(GMOs) in Agriculture. The survey included questions about where and when GMOs should be used, GMOs containing a "cell-death" mechanism, and other questions dealing with the use of GMOs. For this survey, we decided we wanted to get a random sample of college-aged students from around the world. All of the other iGEM teams were contacted and asked to participate in sending our survey to a group of random students from their respective schools. In order to distribute the survey to their schools, the iGEM teams were asked to undergo training required by their school or country necessary to distribute surveys. Of all of the teams, the University of British Columbia, Georgia Tech, Harvard, RMIT Australia, USTC and USTC Software, Uppsala University, The Citadel, and UCSF showed interest in helping us distribute our survey. Unfortunately, mosts schools received few responses, with the University of British Columbia having one, Georgia Tech having none, Harvard four, USTC and USTC Software seven, Uppsala University none, The Citadel one, and UCSF nine. In addition, four were listed as other, which we believe were from UCSF. We believe that they misunderstood our intentions of the survey and instead of distributing the survey to other members of their university, they took it themselves. '''RMIT Australia''' did receive permission from their ethics committee to distribute the survey to random students at their school and collected 191 responses for us. Unfortunately, we were not able to gather their responses in time to include in our survey analysis, so we listed their results separately. We really appreciative their cooperation and willingness to help and collaborate with us! They did an amazing job! <br />
<br />
<br />
Our results are presented as the Northern Hemisphere (comprised of mostly the United States) and the Southern Hemisphere (comprised of solely Australia).<br />
<br />
<br />
In order for our team to create and distribute the survey, training by the Institutional Review Board was necessary. Documentation of the students who worked on the survey can be found on our [[Team:Penn State/Safety|safety page]].<br />
<br />
==Northern Hemisphere Results==<br />
Overall, we were able to gather a broad array of information that can be portrayed to show the general beliefs of college aged students on the principles of GMOs, research involving genetic engineering, and the use of a "cell-death" mechanism to be implemented in bacteria.<br />
<br />
===Significant Results===<br />
<br />
* A person who trusts their nation's policies and regulations is more likely to be accepting of GMOs.<br />
<br />
* A person who trusts scientists is more likely to be accepting of GMOs.<br />
<br />
* A person who supports the use of GMOs is more likely to support "cell-death" mechanisms<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Tables of cross-tabulations and chi-squares of some prominent factors which showed great significance]]<br />
<br />
<br />
===Less Significant Results===<br />
<br />
* A person's home location has some effect on certain GMO applications.<br />
<br />
* A person's major study area has some effect on certain GMO application.<br />
<br />
**One example of this is, science and engineering students tended to have a greater acceptance of the applications of GMOs than did those of other majors.<br />
<br />
===Question Specific Results===<br />
<br />
Listed below are all of the results for each question of our survey.<br />
<br />
[[Image:survey_question_1.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_2.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_11.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_3.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_4.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_5.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_6.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_7.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_8.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_9.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_10.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_12.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_13.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_14.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_15.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_16.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_17.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_18.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_19.jpg|400px]]<br />
<br />
===Demographic Results===<br />
<br />
[[Demograhic Results]]<br />
<br />
<br />
==RMIT Australia's Results==<br />
<br />
===Comparison===<br />
As compared to the results of the respondents from the United States, RMIT Australia had similar opinions of GMOs. Both places had a large amount of respondents who were supportive of the use of GMOs in different applications.<br />
<br />
[[Image:comparison_1.JPG]]<br />
<br />
<br />
One of the major differences between the United States responses and RMIT Australia was the proximity in which the person would like to live near an area where GMOs are used. As depicted below, those students at RMIT have a greater dislike of GMOs being used in a farm, field or stream than those students in the U.S. Both sets of students have similar acceptance of GMOs used in a factory or laboratory, but would not necessarily want to live close to them. The difference in opinions between the two geographical groups of respondents on the acceptance of GMOs used in a farm, field or stream is striking; this difference was not expected. It would be an interesting study to collect more data and point out the factors that cause the students from the United States to have such differing views from those of Australia pertaining to GMO proximity.<br />
<br />
[[Image:comparison_2.JPG]]<br />
<br />
===Other Results===<br />
<br />
Shown below are the rest of RMIT Australia's results.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_1.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_3.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_4.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_5.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_6.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_9.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_10.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_11.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_12.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_13.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_14.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_15.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_16.JPG|400px]]</div>Ler172http://2010.igem.org/File:Comparison_2.JPGFile:Comparison 2.JPG2010-10-28T01:17:25Z<p>Ler172: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>Ler172http://2010.igem.org/Team:Penn_State/Human_PracticesTeam:Penn State/Human Practices2010-10-28T01:11:33Z<p>Ler172: /* Comparison */</p>
<hr />
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<style>#globalWrapper {<br />
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{| style="color:#1b2c8a;background-color:#FFFFFF;" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="1" border="0" bordercolor="#fff" width="90%" align="center"<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State|Home]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Team|Team]]<br />
!align="center"|[https://igem.org/Team.cgi?year=2010&team_name=Penn_State Official Team Profile]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Project|Project]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Parts|Parts Submitted to the Registry]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Notebook|Notebook]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Human Practices|Human Practices]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Safety|Safety]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Sponsors|Sponsors]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Penn State iGEM 2010==<br />
<br />
This year, Penn State iGEM created a survey about Genetically Modified Organisms(GMOs) in Agriculture. The survey included questions about where and when GMOs should be used, GMOs containing a "cell-death" mechanism, and other questions dealing with the use of GMOs. For this survey, we decided we wanted to get a random sample of college-aged students from around the world. All of the other iGEM teams were contacted and asked to participate in sending our survey to a group of random students from their respective schools. In order to distribute the survey to their schools, the iGEM teams were asked to undergo training required by their school or country necessary to distribute surveys. Of all of the teams, the University of British Columbia, Georgia Tech, Harvard, RMIT Australia, USTC and USTC Software, Uppsala University, The Citadel, and UCSF showed interest in helping us distribute our survey. Unfortunately, mosts schools received few responses, with the University of British Columbia having one, Georgia Tech having none, Harvard four, USTC and USTC Software seven, Uppsala University none, The Citadel one, and UCSF nine. In addition, four were listed as other, which we believe were from UCSF. We believe that they misunderstood our intentions of the survey and instead of distributing the survey to other members of their university, they took it themselves. '''RMIT Australia''' did receive permission from their ethics committee to distribute the survey to random students at their school and collected 191 responses for us. Unfortunately, we were not able to gather their responses in time to include in our survey analysis, so we listed their results separately. We really appreciative their cooperation and willingness to help and collaborate with us! They did an amazing job! <br />
<br />
<br />
Our results are presented as the Northern Hemisphere (comprised of mostly the United States) and the Southern Hemisphere (comprised of solely Australia).<br />
<br />
<br />
In order for our team to create and distribute the survey, training by the Institutional Review Board was necessary. Documentation of the students who worked on the survey can be found on our [[Team:Penn State/Safety|safety page]].<br />
<br />
==Northern Hemisphere Results==<br />
Overall, we were able to gather a broad array of information that can be portrayed to show the general beliefs of college aged students on the principles of GMOs, research involving genetic engineering, and the use of a "cell-death" mechanism to be implemented in bacteria.<br />
<br />
===Significant Results===<br />
<br />
* A person who trusts their nation's policies and regulations is more likely to be accepting of GMOs.<br />
<br />
* A person who trusts scientists is more likely to be accepting of GMOs.<br />
<br />
* A person who supports the use of GMOs is more likely to support "cell-death" mechanisms<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Tables of cross-tabulations and chi-squares of some prominent factors which showed great significance]]<br />
<br />
<br />
===Less Significant Results===<br />
<br />
* A person's home location has some effect on certain GMO applications.<br />
<br />
* A person's major study area has some effect on certain GMO application.<br />
<br />
**One example of this is, science and engineering students tended to have a greater acceptance of the applications of GMOs than did those of other majors.<br />
<br />
===Question Specific Results===<br />
<br />
Listed below are all of the results for each question of our survey.<br />
<br />
[[Image:survey_question_1.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_2.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_11.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_3.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_4.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_5.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_6.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_7.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_8.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_9.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_10.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_12.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_13.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_14.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_15.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_16.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_17.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_18.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_19.jpg|400px]]<br />
<br />
===Demographic Results===<br />
<br />
[[Demograhic Results]]<br />
<br />
<br />
==RMIT Australia's Results==<br />
<br />
===Comparison===<br />
As compared to the results of the respondents from the United States, RMIT Australia had similar opinions of GMOs. Both places had a large amount of respondents who were supportive of the use of GMOs in different applications.<br />
<br />
[[Image:comparison_1.JPG]]<br />
<br />
<br />
One of the major differences between the United States responses and RMIT Australia was the proximity in which the person would like to live near an area where GMOs are used. As depicted below, those students at RMIT have a greater dislike of GMOs being used in a farm, field or stream than those students in the U.S. Both sets of students have similar acceptance of GMOs used in a factory or laboratory, but would not necessarily want to live close to them. The difference in opinions between the two geographical groups of respondents on the acceptance of GMOs used in a farm, field or stream is striking; this difference was not expected. It would be an interesting study to collect more data and point out the factors that cause the students from the United States to have such differing views from those of Australia pertaining to GMO proximity.<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>'''RMIT Australia:'''</center><br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:australia_survey_8.JPG|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>'''U.S.:'''</center><br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:survey_question_15.JPG|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
<center>'''RMIT Australia:'''</center><br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:australia_survey_7.JPG|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>'''U.S.:'''</center><br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:survey_question_14.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
===Other Results===<br />
<br />
Shown below are the rest of RMIT Australia's results.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_1.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_3.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_4.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_5.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_6.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_9.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_10.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_11.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_12.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_13.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_14.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_15.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_16.JPG|400px]]</div>Ler172http://2010.igem.org/File:Comparison_1.JPGFile:Comparison 1.JPG2010-10-28T01:10:38Z<p>Ler172: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>Ler172http://2010.igem.org/Demograhic_ResultsDemograhic Results2010-10-28T01:05:02Z<p>Ler172: New page: 400px 400px 400px 400px [[Image:survey_question_24.jpg|4...</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:survey_question_20.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_21.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_22.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_23.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_24.jpg|400px]]<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Team:Penn State/Human Practices|Back to Human Practices page]]</div>Ler172http://2010.igem.org/Team:Penn_State/Human_PracticesTeam:Penn State/Human Practices2010-10-28T01:02:40Z<p>Ler172: /* Question Specific Results */</p>
<hr />
<div><html><br />
<style>#globalWrapper {<br />
background-image: url(http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:pkNNff6vnoqKGM:b) !important;<br />
background-repeat: repeat;}<br />
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{| style="color:#1b2c8a;background-color:#FFFFFF;" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="1" border="0" bordercolor="#fff" width="90%" align="center"<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State|Home]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Team|Team]]<br />
!align="center"|[https://igem.org/Team.cgi?year=2010&team_name=Penn_State Official Team Profile]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Project|Project]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Parts|Parts Submitted to the Registry]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Notebook|Notebook]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Human Practices|Human Practices]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Safety|Safety]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Sponsors|Sponsors]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Penn State iGEM 2010==<br />
<br />
This year, Penn State iGEM created a survey about Genetically Modified Organisms(GMOs) in Agriculture. The survey included questions about where and when GMOs should be used, GMOs containing a "cell-death" mechanism, and other questions dealing with the use of GMOs. For this survey, we decided we wanted to get a random sample of college-aged students from around the world. All of the other iGEM teams were contacted and asked to participate in sending our survey to a group of random students from their respective schools. In order to distribute the survey to their schools, the iGEM teams were asked to undergo training required by their school or country necessary to distribute surveys. Of all of the teams, the University of British Columbia, Georgia Tech, Harvard, RMIT Australia, USTC and USTC Software, Uppsala University, The Citadel, and UCSF showed interest in helping us distribute our survey. Unfortunately, mosts schools received few responses, with the University of British Columbia having one, Georgia Tech having none, Harvard four, USTC and USTC Software seven, Uppsala University none, The Citadel one, and UCSF nine. In addition, four were listed as other, which we believe were from UCSF. We believe that they misunderstood our intentions of the survey and instead of distributing the survey to other members of their university, they took it themselves. '''RMIT Australia''' did receive permission from their ethics committee to distribute the survey to random students at their school and collected 191 responses for us. Unfortunately, we were not able to gather their responses in time to include in our survey analysis, so we listed their results separately. We really appreciative their cooperation and willingness to help and collaborate with us! They did an amazing job! <br />
<br />
<br />
Our results are presented as the Northern Hemisphere (comprised of mostly the United States) and the Southern Hemisphere (comprised of solely Australia).<br />
<br />
<br />
In order for our team to create and distribute the survey, training by the Institutional Review Board was necessary. Documentation of the students who worked on the survey can be found on our [[Team:Penn State/Safety|safety page]].<br />
<br />
==Northern Hemisphere Results==<br />
Overall, we were able to gather a broad array of information that can be portrayed to show the general beliefs of college aged students on the principles of GMOs, research involving genetic engineering, and the use of a "cell-death" mechanism to be implemented in bacteria.<br />
<br />
===Significant Results===<br />
<br />
* A person who trusts their nation's policies and regulations is more likely to be accepting of GMOs.<br />
<br />
* A person who trusts scientists is more likely to be accepting of GMOs.<br />
<br />
* A person who supports the use of GMOs is more likely to support "cell-death" mechanisms<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Tables of cross-tabulations and chi-squares of some prominent factors which showed great significance]]<br />
<br />
<br />
===Less Significant Results===<br />
<br />
* A person's home location has some effect on certain GMO applications.<br />
<br />
* A person's major study area has some effect on certain GMO application.<br />
<br />
**One example of this is, science and engineering students tended to have a greater acceptance of the applications of GMOs than did those of other majors.<br />
<br />
===Question Specific Results===<br />
<br />
Listed below are all of the results for each question of our survey.<br />
<br />
[[Image:survey_question_1.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_2.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_11.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_3.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_4.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_5.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_6.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_7.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_8.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_9.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_10.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_12.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_13.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_14.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_15.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_16.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_17.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_18.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_19.jpg|400px]]<br />
<br />
===Demographic Results===<br />
<br />
[[Demograhic Results]]<br />
<br />
<br />
==RMIT Australia's Results==<br />
<br />
===Comparison===<br />
As compared to the results of the respondents from the United States, RMIT Australia had similar opinions of GMOs. Both places had a large amount of respondents who were supportive of the use of GMOs in different applications.<br />
<br />
<center>'''RMIT Australia:'''</center> <br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:australia_survey_2.JPG|400px]]</center> <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>'''U.S.:'''</center><br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:General_acceptance_of_GMOs.JPG|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
One of the major differences between the United States responses and RMIT Australia was the proximity in which the person would like to live near an area where GMOs are used. As depicted below, those students at RMIT have a greater dislike of GMOs being used in a farm, field or stream than those students in the U.S. Both sets of students have similar acceptance of GMOs used in a factory or laboratory, but would not necessarily want to live close to them. The difference in opinions between the two geographical groups of respondents on the acceptance of GMOs used in a farm, field or stream is striking; this difference was not expected. It would be an interesting study to collect more data and point out the factors that cause the students from the United States to have such differing views from those of Australia pertaining to GMO proximity.<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>'''RMIT Australia:'''</center><br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:australia_survey_8.JPG|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>'''U.S.:'''</center><br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:survey_question_15.JPG|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
<center>'''RMIT Australia:'''</center><br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:australia_survey_7.JPG|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>'''U.S.:'''</center><br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:survey_question_14.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
===Other Results===<br />
<br />
Shown below are the rest of RMIT Australia's results.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_1.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_3.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_4.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_5.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_6.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_9.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_10.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_11.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_12.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_13.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_14.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_15.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_16.JPG|400px]]</div>Ler172http://2010.igem.org/Team:Penn_State/Human_PracticesTeam:Penn State/Human Practices2010-10-28T01:01:23Z<p>Ler172: </p>
<hr />
<div><html><br />
<style>#globalWrapper {<br />
background-image: url(http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:pkNNff6vnoqKGM:b) !important;<br />
background-repeat: repeat;}<br />
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{| style="color:#1b2c8a;background-color:#FFFFFF;" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="1" border="0" bordercolor="#fff" width="90%" align="center"<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State|Home]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Team|Team]]<br />
!align="center"|[https://igem.org/Team.cgi?year=2010&team_name=Penn_State Official Team Profile]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Project|Project]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Parts|Parts Submitted to the Registry]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Notebook|Notebook]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Human Practices|Human Practices]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Safety|Safety]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Sponsors|Sponsors]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Penn State iGEM 2010==<br />
<br />
This year, Penn State iGEM created a survey about Genetically Modified Organisms(GMOs) in Agriculture. The survey included questions about where and when GMOs should be used, GMOs containing a "cell-death" mechanism, and other questions dealing with the use of GMOs. For this survey, we decided we wanted to get a random sample of college-aged students from around the world. All of the other iGEM teams were contacted and asked to participate in sending our survey to a group of random students from their respective schools. In order to distribute the survey to their schools, the iGEM teams were asked to undergo training required by their school or country necessary to distribute surveys. Of all of the teams, the University of British Columbia, Georgia Tech, Harvard, RMIT Australia, USTC and USTC Software, Uppsala University, The Citadel, and UCSF showed interest in helping us distribute our survey. Unfortunately, mosts schools received few responses, with the University of British Columbia having one, Georgia Tech having none, Harvard four, USTC and USTC Software seven, Uppsala University none, The Citadel one, and UCSF nine. In addition, four were listed as other, which we believe were from UCSF. We believe that they misunderstood our intentions of the survey and instead of distributing the survey to other members of their university, they took it themselves. '''RMIT Australia''' did receive permission from their ethics committee to distribute the survey to random students at their school and collected 191 responses for us. Unfortunately, we were not able to gather their responses in time to include in our survey analysis, so we listed their results separately. We really appreciative their cooperation and willingness to help and collaborate with us! They did an amazing job! <br />
<br />
<br />
Our results are presented as the Northern Hemisphere (comprised of mostly the United States) and the Southern Hemisphere (comprised of solely Australia).<br />
<br />
<br />
In order for our team to create and distribute the survey, training by the Institutional Review Board was necessary. Documentation of the students who worked on the survey can be found on our [[Team:Penn State/Safety|safety page]].<br />
<br />
==Northern Hemisphere Results==<br />
Overall, we were able to gather a broad array of information that can be portrayed to show the general beliefs of college aged students on the principles of GMOs, research involving genetic engineering, and the use of a "cell-death" mechanism to be implemented in bacteria.<br />
<br />
===Significant Results===<br />
<br />
* A person who trusts their nation's policies and regulations is more likely to be accepting of GMOs.<br />
<br />
* A person who trusts scientists is more likely to be accepting of GMOs.<br />
<br />
* A person who supports the use of GMOs is more likely to support "cell-death" mechanisms<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Tables of cross-tabulations and chi-squares of some prominent factors which showed great significance]]<br />
<br />
<br />
===Less Significant Results===<br />
<br />
* A person's home location has some effect on certain GMO applications.<br />
<br />
* A person's major study area has some effect on certain GMO application.<br />
<br />
**One example of this is, science and engineering students tended to have a greater acceptance of the applications of GMOs than did those of other majors.<br />
<br />
===Question Specific Results===<br />
<br />
Listed below are all of the results for each question of our survey.<br />
<br />
[[Image:survey_question_1.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_2.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_11.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_3.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_4.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_5.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_6.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_7.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_8.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_9.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_10.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_12.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_13.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_14.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_15.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_16.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_17.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_18.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_19.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_20.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_21.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_22.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_23.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_24.jpg|400px]]<br />
<br />
===Demographic Results===<br />
<br />
[[Demograhic Results]]<br />
<br />
<br />
==RMIT Australia's Results==<br />
<br />
===Comparison===<br />
As compared to the results of the respondents from the United States, RMIT Australia had similar opinions of GMOs. Both places had a large amount of respondents who were supportive of the use of GMOs in different applications.<br />
<br />
<center>'''RMIT Australia:'''</center> <br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:australia_survey_2.JPG|400px]]</center> <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>'''U.S.:'''</center><br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:General_acceptance_of_GMOs.JPG|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
One of the major differences between the United States responses and RMIT Australia was the proximity in which the person would like to live near an area where GMOs are used. As depicted below, those students at RMIT have a greater dislike of GMOs being used in a farm, field or stream than those students in the U.S. Both sets of students have similar acceptance of GMOs used in a factory or laboratory, but would not necessarily want to live close to them. The difference in opinions between the two geographical groups of respondents on the acceptance of GMOs used in a farm, field or stream is striking; this difference was not expected. It would be an interesting study to collect more data and point out the factors that cause the students from the United States to have such differing views from those of Australia pertaining to GMO proximity.<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>'''RMIT Australia:'''</center><br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:australia_survey_8.JPG|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>'''U.S.:'''</center><br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:survey_question_15.JPG|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
<center>'''RMIT Australia:'''</center><br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:australia_survey_7.JPG|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>'''U.S.:'''</center><br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:survey_question_14.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
===Other Results===<br />
<br />
Shown below are the rest of RMIT Australia's results.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_1.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_3.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_4.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_5.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_6.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_9.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_10.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_11.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_12.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_13.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_14.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_15.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_16.JPG|400px]]</div>Ler172http://2010.igem.org/Team:Penn_State/Human_PracticesTeam:Penn State/Human Practices2010-10-28T00:59:12Z<p>Ler172: /* Survey Results */</p>
<hr />
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{| style="color:#1b2c8a;background-color:#FFFFFF;" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="1" border="0" bordercolor="#fff" width="90%" align="center"<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State|Home]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Team|Team]]<br />
!align="center"|[https://igem.org/Team.cgi?year=2010&team_name=Penn_State Official Team Profile]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Project|Project]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Parts|Parts Submitted to the Registry]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Notebook|Notebook]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Human Practices|Human Practices]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Safety|Safety]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Sponsors|Sponsors]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Penn State iGEM 2010==<br />
<br />
This year, Penn State iGEM created a survey about Genetically Modified Organisms(GMOs) in Agriculture. The survey included questions about where and when GMOs should be used, GMOs containing a "cell-death" mechanism, and other questions dealing with the use of GMOs. For this survey, we decided we wanted to get a random sample of college-aged students from around the world. All of the other iGEM teams were contacted and asked to participate in sending our survey to a group of random students from their respective schools. In order to distribute the survey to their schools, the iGEM teams were asked to undergo training required by their school or country necessary to distribute surveys. Of all of the teams, the University of British Columbia, Georgia Tech, Harvard, RMIT Australia, USTC and USTC Software, Uppsala University, The Citadel, and UCSF showed interest in helping us distribute our survey. Unfortunately, mosts schools received few responses, with the University of British Columbia having one, Georgia Tech having none, Harvard four, USTC and USTC Software seven, Uppsala University none, The Citadel one, and UCSF nine. In addition, four were listed as other, which we believe were from UCSF. We believe that they misunderstood our intentions of the survey and instead of distributing the survey to other members of their university, they took it themselves. '''RMIT Australia''' did receive permission from their ethics committee to distribute the survey to random students at their school and collected 191 responses for us. Unfortunately, we were not able to gather their responses in time to include in our survey analysis, so we listed their results separately. We really appreciative their cooperation and willingness to help and collaborate with us! They did an amazing job! <br />
<br />
<br />
Our results are presented as the Northern Hemisphere (comprised of mostly the United States) and the Southern Hemisphere (comprised of solely Australia).<br />
<br />
<br />
In order for our team to create and distribute the survey, training by the Institutional Review Board was necessary. Documentation of the students who worked on the survey can be found on our [[Team:Penn State/Safety|safety page]].<br />
<br />
==Northern Hemisphere Results==<br />
Overall, we were able to gather a broad array of information that can be portrayed to show the general beliefs of college aged students on the principles of GMOs, research involving genetic engineering, and the use of a "cell-death" mechanism to be implemented in bacteria.<br />
<br />
===Significant Results===<br />
<br />
* A person who trusts their nation's policies and regulations is more likely to be accepting of GMOs.<br />
<br />
* A person who trusts scientists is more likely to be accepting of GMOs.<br />
<br />
* A person who supports the use of GMOs is more likely to support "cell-death" mechanisms<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Tables of cross-tabulations and chi-squares of some prominent factors which showed great significance]]<br />
<br />
<br />
===Less Significant Results===<br />
<br />
* A person's home location has some effect on certain GMO applications.<br />
<br />
* A person's major study area has some effect on certain GMO application.<br />
<br />
**One example of this is, science and engineering students tended to have a greater acceptance of the applications of GMOs than did those of other majors.<br />
<br />
===Question Specific Results===<br />
<br />
Listed below are all of the results for each question of our survey.<br />
<br />
[[Image:survey_question_1.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_2.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_11.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_3.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_4.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_5.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_6.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_7.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_8.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_9.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_10.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_12.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_13.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_14.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_15.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_16.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_17.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_18.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_19.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_20.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_21.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_22.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_23.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_24.jpg|400px]]<br />
<br />
==RMIT Australia's Results==<br />
<br />
===Comparison===<br />
As compared to the results of the respondents from the United States, RMIT Australia had similar opinions of GMOs. Both places had a large amount of respondents who were supportive of the use of GMOs in different applications.<br />
<br />
<center>'''RMIT Australia:'''</center> <br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:australia_survey_2.JPG|400px]]</center> <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>'''U.S.:'''</center><br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:General_acceptance_of_GMOs.JPG|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
One of the major differences between the United States responses and RMIT Australia was the proximity in which the person would like to live near an area where GMOs are used. As depicted below, those students at RMIT have a greater dislike of GMOs being used in a farm, field or stream than those students in the U.S. Both sets of students have similar acceptance of GMOs used in a factory or laboratory, but would not necessarily want to live close to them. The difference in opinions between the two geographical groups of respondents on the acceptance of GMOs used in a farm, field or stream is striking; this difference was not expected. It would be an interesting study to collect more data and point out the factors that cause the students from the United States to have such differing views from those of Australia pertaining to GMO proximity.<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>'''RMIT Australia:'''</center><br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:australia_survey_8.JPG|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>'''U.S.:'''</center><br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:survey_question_15.JPG|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
<center>'''RMIT Australia:'''</center><br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:australia_survey_7.JPG|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>'''U.S.:'''</center><br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:survey_question_14.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
===Other Results===<br />
<br />
Shown below are the rest of RMIT Australia's results.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_1.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_3.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_4.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_5.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_6.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_9.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_10.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_11.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_12.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_13.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_14.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_15.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_16.JPG|400px]]</div>Ler172http://2010.igem.org/Team:Penn_State/Human_PracticesTeam:Penn State/Human Practices2010-10-28T00:58:27Z<p>Ler172: /* Penn State iGEM 2010 */</p>
<hr />
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!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State|Home]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Team|Team]]<br />
!align="center"|[https://igem.org/Team.cgi?year=2010&team_name=Penn_State Official Team Profile]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Project|Project]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Parts|Parts Submitted to the Registry]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Notebook|Notebook]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Human Practices|Human Practices]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Safety|Safety]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Sponsors|Sponsors]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Penn State iGEM 2010==<br />
<br />
This year, Penn State iGEM created a survey about Genetically Modified Organisms(GMOs) in Agriculture. The survey included questions about where and when GMOs should be used, GMOs containing a "cell-death" mechanism, and other questions dealing with the use of GMOs. For this survey, we decided we wanted to get a random sample of college-aged students from around the world. All of the other iGEM teams were contacted and asked to participate in sending our survey to a group of random students from their respective schools. In order to distribute the survey to their schools, the iGEM teams were asked to undergo training required by their school or country necessary to distribute surveys. Of all of the teams, the University of British Columbia, Georgia Tech, Harvard, RMIT Australia, USTC and USTC Software, Uppsala University, The Citadel, and UCSF showed interest in helping us distribute our survey. Unfortunately, mosts schools received few responses, with the University of British Columbia having one, Georgia Tech having none, Harvard four, USTC and USTC Software seven, Uppsala University none, The Citadel one, and UCSF nine. In addition, four were listed as other, which we believe were from UCSF. We believe that they misunderstood our intentions of the survey and instead of distributing the survey to other members of their university, they took it themselves. '''RMIT Australia''' did receive permission from their ethics committee to distribute the survey to random students at their school and collected 191 responses for us. Unfortunately, we were not able to gather their responses in time to include in our survey analysis, so we listed their results separately. We really appreciative their cooperation and willingness to help and collaborate with us! They did an amazing job! <br />
<br />
<br />
Our results are presented as the Northern Hemisphere (comprised of mostly the United States) and the Southern Hemisphere (comprised of solely Australia).<br />
<br />
<br />
In order for our team to create and distribute the survey, training by the Institutional Review Board was necessary. Documentation of the students who worked on the survey can be found on our [[Team:Penn State/Safety|safety page]].<br />
<br />
==Survey Results==<br />
Overall, we were able to gather a broad array of information that can be portrayed to show the general beliefs of college aged students on the principles of GMOs, research involving genetic engineering, and the use of a "cell-death" mechanism to be implemented in bacteria.<br />
<br />
===Significant Results===<br />
<br />
* A person who trusts their nation's policies and regulations is more likely to be accepting of GMOs.<br />
<br />
* A person who trusts scientists is more likely to be accepting of GMOs.<br />
<br />
* A person who supports the use of GMOs is more likely to support "cell-death" mechanisms<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Tables of cross-tabulations and chi-squares of some prominent factors which showed great significance]]<br />
<br />
<br />
===Less Significant Results===<br />
<br />
* A person's home location has some effect on certain GMO applications.<br />
<br />
* A person's major study area has some effect on certain GMO application.<br />
<br />
**One example of this is, science and engineering students tended to have a greater acceptance of the applications of GMOs than did those of other majors.<br />
<br />
===Question Specific Results===<br />
<br />
Listed below are all of the results for each question of our survey.<br />
<br />
[[Image:survey_question_1.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_2.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_11.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_3.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_4.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_5.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_6.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_7.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_8.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_9.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_10.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_12.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_13.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_14.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_15.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_16.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_17.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_18.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_19.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_20.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_21.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_22.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_23.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_24.jpg|400px]]<br />
<br />
==RMIT Australia's Results==<br />
<br />
===Comparison===<br />
As compared to the results of the respondents from the United States, RMIT Australia had similar opinions of GMOs. Both places had a large amount of respondents who were supportive of the use of GMOs in different applications.<br />
<br />
<center>'''RMIT Australia:'''</center> <br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:australia_survey_2.JPG|400px]]</center> <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>'''U.S.:'''</center><br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:General_acceptance_of_GMOs.JPG|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
One of the major differences between the United States responses and RMIT Australia was the proximity in which the person would like to live near an area where GMOs are used. As depicted below, those students at RMIT have a greater dislike of GMOs being used in a farm, field or stream than those students in the U.S. Both sets of students have similar acceptance of GMOs used in a factory or laboratory, but would not necessarily want to live close to them. The difference in opinions between the two geographical groups of respondents on the acceptance of GMOs used in a farm, field or stream is striking; this difference was not expected. It would be an interesting study to collect more data and point out the factors that cause the students from the United States to have such differing views from those of Australia pertaining to GMO proximity.<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>'''RMIT Australia:'''</center><br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:australia_survey_8.JPG|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>'''U.S.:'''</center><br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:survey_question_15.JPG|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
<center>'''RMIT Australia:'''</center><br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:australia_survey_7.JPG|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>'''U.S.:'''</center><br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:survey_question_14.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
===Other Results===<br />
<br />
Shown below are the rest of RMIT Australia's results.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_1.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_3.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_4.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_5.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_6.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_9.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_10.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_11.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_12.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_13.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_14.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_15.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_16.JPG|400px]]</div>Ler172http://2010.igem.org/Team:Penn_State/Human_PracticesTeam:Penn State/Human Practices2010-10-28T00:57:55Z<p>Ler172: /* Penn State iGEM 2010 */</p>
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!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State|Home]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Team|Team]]<br />
!align="center"|[https://igem.org/Team.cgi?year=2010&team_name=Penn_State Official Team Profile]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Project|Project]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Parts|Parts Submitted to the Registry]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Notebook|Notebook]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Human Practices|Human Practices]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Safety|Safety]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Sponsors|Sponsors]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Penn State iGEM 2010==<br />
<br />
This year, Penn State iGEM created a survey about Genetically Modified Organisms(GMOs) in Agriculture. The survey included questions about where and when GMOs should be used, GMOs containing a "cell-death" mechanism, and other questions dealing with the use of GMOs. For this survey, we decided we wanted to get a random sample of college-aged students from around the world. All of the other iGEM teams were contacted and asked to participate in sending our survey to a group of random students from their respective schools. In order to distribute the survey to their schools, the iGEM teams were asked to undergo training required by their school or country necessary to distribute surveys. Of all of the teams, the University of British Columbia, Georgia Tech, Harvard, RMIT Australia, USTC and USTC Software, Uppsala University, The Citadel, and UCSF showed interest in helping us distribute our survey. Unfortunately, mosts schools received few responses, with the University of British Columbia having one, Georgia Tech having none, Harvard four, USTC and USTC Software seven, Uppsala University none, The Citadel one, and UCSF nine. In addition, four were listed as other, which we believe were from UCSF. We believe that they misunderstood our intentions of the survey and instead of distributing the survey to other members of their university, they took it themselves. '''RMIT Australia''' did receive permission from their ethics committee to distribute the survey to random students at their school and collected 191 responses for us. Unfortunately, we were not able to gather their responses in time to include in our survey analysis, so we listed their results separately. We really appreciative their cooperation and willingness to help and collaborate with us! They did an amazing job! <br />
<br />
Our results are presented as the Northern Hemisphere (comprised of mostly the United States) and the Southern Hemisphere (comprised of solely Australia).<br />
<br />
<br />
In order for our team to create and distribute the survey, training by the Institutional Review Board was necessary. Documentation of the students who worked on the survey can be found on our [[Team:Penn State/Safety|safety page]].<br />
<br />
==Survey Results==<br />
Overall, we were able to gather a broad array of information that can be portrayed to show the general beliefs of college aged students on the principles of GMOs, research involving genetic engineering, and the use of a "cell-death" mechanism to be implemented in bacteria.<br />
<br />
===Significant Results===<br />
<br />
* A person who trusts their nation's policies and regulations is more likely to be accepting of GMOs.<br />
<br />
* A person who trusts scientists is more likely to be accepting of GMOs.<br />
<br />
* A person who supports the use of GMOs is more likely to support "cell-death" mechanisms<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Tables of cross-tabulations and chi-squares of some prominent factors which showed great significance]]<br />
<br />
<br />
===Less Significant Results===<br />
<br />
* A person's home location has some effect on certain GMO applications.<br />
<br />
* A person's major study area has some effect on certain GMO application.<br />
<br />
**One example of this is, science and engineering students tended to have a greater acceptance of the applications of GMOs than did those of other majors.<br />
<br />
===Question Specific Results===<br />
<br />
Listed below are all of the results for each question of our survey.<br />
<br />
[[Image:survey_question_1.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_2.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_11.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_3.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_4.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_5.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_6.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_7.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_8.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_9.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_10.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_12.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_13.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_14.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_15.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_16.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_17.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_18.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_19.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_20.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_21.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_22.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_23.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_24.jpg|400px]]<br />
<br />
==RMIT Australia's Results==<br />
<br />
===Comparison===<br />
As compared to the results of the respondents from the United States, RMIT Australia had similar opinions of GMOs. Both places had a large amount of respondents who were supportive of the use of GMOs in different applications.<br />
<br />
<center>'''RMIT Australia:'''</center> <br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:australia_survey_2.JPG|400px]]</center> <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>'''U.S.:'''</center><br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:General_acceptance_of_GMOs.JPG|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
One of the major differences between the United States responses and RMIT Australia was the proximity in which the person would like to live near an area where GMOs are used. As depicted below, those students at RMIT have a greater dislike of GMOs being used in a farm, field or stream than those students in the U.S. Both sets of students have similar acceptance of GMOs used in a factory or laboratory, but would not necessarily want to live close to them. The difference in opinions between the two geographical groups of respondents on the acceptance of GMOs used in a farm, field or stream is striking; this difference was not expected. It would be an interesting study to collect more data and point out the factors that cause the students from the United States to have such differing views from those of Australia pertaining to GMO proximity.<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>'''RMIT Australia:'''</center><br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:australia_survey_8.JPG|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>'''U.S.:'''</center><br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:survey_question_15.JPG|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
<center>'''RMIT Australia:'''</center><br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:australia_survey_7.JPG|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>'''U.S.:'''</center><br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:survey_question_14.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
===Other Results===<br />
<br />
Shown below are the rest of RMIT Australia's results.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_1.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_3.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_4.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_5.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_6.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_9.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_10.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_11.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_12.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_13.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_14.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_15.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_16.JPG|400px]]</div>Ler172http://2010.igem.org/Team:Penn_State/Human_PracticesTeam:Penn State/Human Practices2010-10-28T00:51:37Z<p>Ler172: /* Significant Results */</p>
<hr />
<div><html><br />
<style>#globalWrapper {<br />
background-image: url(http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:pkNNff6vnoqKGM:b) !important;<br />
background-repeat: repeat;}<br />
<br />
</style><br />
</html><br />
<br />
{| style="color:#1b2c8a;background-color:#FFFFFF;" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="1" border="0" bordercolor="#fff" width="90%" align="center"<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State|Home]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Team|Team]]<br />
!align="center"|[https://igem.org/Team.cgi?year=2010&team_name=Penn_State Official Team Profile]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Project|Project]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Parts|Parts Submitted to the Registry]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Notebook|Notebook]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Human Practices|Human Practices]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Safety|Safety]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Sponsors|Sponsors]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Penn State iGEM 2010==<br />
<br />
This year, Penn State iGEM created a survey about Genetically Modified Organisms(GMOs) in Agriculture. The survey included questions about where and when GMOs should be used, GMOs containing a "cell-death" mechanism, and other questions dealing with the use of GMOs. For this survey, we decided we wanted to get a random sample of college-aged students from around the world. All of the other iGEM teams were contacted and asked to participate in sending our survey to a group of random students from their respective schools. In order to distribute the survey to their schools, the iGEM teams were asked to undergo training required by their school or country necessary to distribute surveys. Of all of the teams, the University of British Columbia, Georgia Tech, Harvard, RMIT Australia, USTC and USTC Software, Uppsala University, The Citadel, and UCSF showed interest in helping us distribute our survey. Unfortunately, mosts schools received few responses, with the University of British Columbia having one, Georgia Tech having none, Harvard four, USTC and USTC Software seven, Uppsala University none, The Citadel one, and UCSF nine. In addition, four were listed as other, which we believe were from UCSF. We believe that they misunderstood our intentions of the survey and instead of distributing the survey to other members of their university, they took it themselves. '''RMIT Australia''' did receive permission from their ethics committee to distribute the survey to random students at their school and collected 191 responses for us. Unfortunately, we were not able to gather their responses in time to include in our survey analysis, so we listed their results separately. We really appreciative their cooperation and willingness to help and collaborate with us! They did an amazing job! <br />
<br />
<br />
In order for our team to create and distribute the survey, training by the Institutional Review Board was necessary. Documentation of the students who worked on the survey can be found on our [[Team:Penn State/Safety|safety page]].<br />
<br />
==Survey Results==<br />
Overall, we were able to gather a broad array of information that can be portrayed to show the general beliefs of college aged students on the principles of GMOs, research involving genetic engineering, and the use of a "cell-death" mechanism to be implemented in bacteria.<br />
<br />
===Significant Results===<br />
<br />
* A person who trusts their nation's policies and regulations is more likely to be accepting of GMOs.<br />
<br />
* A person who trusts scientists is more likely to be accepting of GMOs.<br />
<br />
* A person who supports the use of GMOs is more likely to support "cell-death" mechanisms<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Tables of cross-tabulations and chi-squares of some prominent factors which showed great significance]]<br />
<br />
<br />
===Less Significant Results===<br />
<br />
* A person's home location has some effect on certain GMO applications.<br />
<br />
* A person's major study area has some effect on certain GMO application.<br />
<br />
**One example of this is, science and engineering students tended to have a greater acceptance of the applications of GMOs than did those of other majors.<br />
<br />
===Question Specific Results===<br />
<br />
Listed below are all of the results for each question of our survey.<br />
<br />
[[Image:survey_question_1.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_2.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_11.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_3.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_4.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_5.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_6.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_7.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_8.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_9.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_10.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_12.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_13.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_14.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_15.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_16.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_17.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_18.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_19.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_20.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_21.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_22.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_23.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_24.jpg|400px]]<br />
<br />
==RMIT Australia's Results==<br />
<br />
===Comparison===<br />
As compared to the results of the respondents from the United States, RMIT Australia had similar opinions of GMOs. Both places had a large amount of respondents who were supportive of the use of GMOs in different applications.<br />
<br />
<center>'''RMIT Australia:'''</center> <br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:australia_survey_2.JPG|400px]]</center> <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>'''U.S.:'''</center><br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:General_acceptance_of_GMOs.JPG|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
One of the major differences between the United States responses and RMIT Australia was the proximity in which the person would like to live near an area where GMOs are used. As depicted below, those students at RMIT have a greater dislike of GMOs being used in a farm, field or stream than those students in the U.S. Both sets of students have similar acceptance of GMOs used in a factory or laboratory, but would not necessarily want to live close to them. The difference in opinions between the two geographical groups of respondents on the acceptance of GMOs used in a farm, field or stream is striking; this difference was not expected. It would be an interesting study to collect more data and point out the factors that cause the students from the United States to have such differing views from those of Australia pertaining to GMO proximity.<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>'''RMIT Australia:'''</center><br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:australia_survey_8.JPG|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>'''U.S.:'''</center><br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:survey_question_15.JPG|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
<center>'''RMIT Australia:'''</center><br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:australia_survey_7.JPG|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>'''U.S.:'''</center><br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:survey_question_14.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
===Other Results===<br />
<br />
Shown below are the rest of RMIT Australia's results.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_1.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_3.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_4.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_5.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_6.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_9.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_10.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_11.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_12.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_13.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_14.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_15.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_16.JPG|400px]]</div>Ler172http://2010.igem.org/Team:Penn_State/Human_PracticesTeam:Penn State/Human Practices2010-10-28T00:42:53Z<p>Ler172: /* Significant Results */</p>
<hr />
<div><html><br />
<style>#globalWrapper {<br />
background-image: url(http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:pkNNff6vnoqKGM:b) !important;<br />
background-repeat: repeat;}<br />
<br />
</style><br />
</html><br />
<br />
{| style="color:#1b2c8a;background-color:#FFFFFF;" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="1" border="0" bordercolor="#fff" width="90%" align="center"<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State|Home]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Team|Team]]<br />
!align="center"|[https://igem.org/Team.cgi?year=2010&team_name=Penn_State Official Team Profile]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Project|Project]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Parts|Parts Submitted to the Registry]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Notebook|Notebook]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Human Practices|Human Practices]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Safety|Safety]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Sponsors|Sponsors]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Penn State iGEM 2010==<br />
<br />
This year, Penn State iGEM created a survey about Genetically Modified Organisms(GMOs) in Agriculture. The survey included questions about where and when GMOs should be used, GMOs containing a "cell-death" mechanism, and other questions dealing with the use of GMOs. For this survey, we decided we wanted to get a random sample of college-aged students from around the world. All of the other iGEM teams were contacted and asked to participate in sending our survey to a group of random students from their respective schools. In order to distribute the survey to their schools, the iGEM teams were asked to undergo training required by their school or country necessary to distribute surveys. Of all of the teams, the University of British Columbia, Georgia Tech, Harvard, RMIT Australia, USTC and USTC Software, Uppsala University, The Citadel, and UCSF showed interest in helping us distribute our survey. Unfortunately, mosts schools received few responses, with the University of British Columbia having one, Georgia Tech having none, Harvard four, USTC and USTC Software seven, Uppsala University none, The Citadel one, and UCSF nine. In addition, four were listed as other, which we believe were from UCSF. We believe that they misunderstood our intentions of the survey and instead of distributing the survey to other members of their university, they took it themselves. '''RMIT Australia''' did receive permission from their ethics committee to distribute the survey to random students at their school and collected 191 responses for us. Unfortunately, we were not able to gather their responses in time to include in our survey analysis, so we listed their results separately. We really appreciative their cooperation and willingness to help and collaborate with us! They did an amazing job! <br />
<br />
<br />
In order for our team to create and distribute the survey, training by the Institutional Review Board was necessary. Documentation of the students who worked on the survey can be found on our [[Team:Penn State/Safety|safety page]].<br />
<br />
==Survey Results==<br />
Overall, we were able to gather a broad array of information that can be portrayed to show the general beliefs of college aged students on the principles of GMOs, research involving genetic engineering, and the use of a "cell-death" mechanism to be implemented in bacteria.<br />
<br />
===Significant Results===<br />
After some statistical analysis, our results showed that the trust people have in their nation's policy of regulations of GMOs and in scientists is significant with nearly all applications of GMOs. In other words, those who don't trust the policies of regulation set by their government and those who don't trust scientists are more likely to not be very supportive of the applications of GMOs; the opposite is also true. We also found that those who support the use of GMOs are more likely to be in favor of "cell-death" mechanisms and those that oppose the use of GMOs are less likely to support "cell-death" mechanisms. In addition, home location and the person's major study area had some significance with a few variables, but these were not as prominent as that of the people's trust in their nation's policies of regulation of GMOs and scientists and their acceptance of GMO use. <br />
<br />
<br />
One minor significance found was that science and engineering students tended to have a greater acceptance of the applications of GMOs than did those of other majors.<br />
<br />
[[Tables of cross-tabulations and chi-squares of some prominent factors which showed great significance]]<br />
<br />
===Question Specific Results===<br />
<br />
Listed below are all of the results for each question of our survey.<br />
<br />
[[Image:survey_question_1.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_2.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_11.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_3.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_4.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_5.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_6.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_7.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_8.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_9.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_10.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_12.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_13.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_14.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_15.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_16.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_17.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_18.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_19.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_20.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_21.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_22.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_23.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_24.jpg|400px]]<br />
<br />
==RMIT Australia's Results==<br />
<br />
===Comparison===<br />
As compared to the results of the respondents from the United States, RMIT Australia had similar opinions of GMOs. Both places had a large amount of respondents who were supportive of the use of GMOs in different applications.<br />
<br />
<center>'''RMIT Australia:'''</center> <br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:australia_survey_2.JPG|400px]]</center> <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>'''U.S.:'''</center><br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:General_acceptance_of_GMOs.JPG|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
One of the major differences between the United States responses and RMIT Australia was the proximity in which the person would like to live near an area where GMOs are used. As depicted below, those students at RMIT have a greater dislike of GMOs being used in a farm, field or stream than those students in the U.S. Both sets of students have similar acceptance of GMOs used in a factory or laboratory, but would not necessarily want to live close to them. The difference in opinions between the two geographical groups of respondents on the acceptance of GMOs used in a farm, field or stream is striking; this difference was not expected. It would be an interesting study to collect more data and point out the factors that cause the students from the United States to have such differing views from those of Australia pertaining to GMO proximity.<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>'''RMIT Australia:'''</center><br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:australia_survey_8.JPG|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>'''U.S.:'''</center><br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:survey_question_15.JPG|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
<center>'''RMIT Australia:'''</center><br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:australia_survey_7.JPG|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>'''U.S.:'''</center><br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:survey_question_14.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
===Other Results===<br />
<br />
Shown below are the rest of RMIT Australia's results.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_1.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_3.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_4.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_5.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_6.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_9.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_10.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_11.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_12.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_13.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_14.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_15.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_16.JPG|400px]]</div>Ler172http://2010.igem.org/Tables_of_cross-tabulations_and_chi-squares_of_some_prominent_factors_which_showed_great_significanceTables of cross-tabulations and chi-squares of some prominent factors which showed great significance2010-10-28T00:42:07Z<p>Ler172: </p>
<hr />
<div><center>[[Image:crosstab_2.JPG|500px]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:crosstab_4.JPG|500px]]</center><br />
<br />
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[[Team:Penn State/Human Practices|Back to Human Practices page]]</div>Ler172http://2010.igem.org/Tables_of_cross-tabulations_and_chi-squares_of_some_prominent_factors_which_showed_great_significanceTables of cross-tabulations and chi-squares of some prominent factors which showed great significance2010-10-28T00:40:59Z<p>Ler172: New page: <center>500px</center> <center>500px</center> <center>500px</center> <center>[[Image:crosstab_6.JPG|500...</p>
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<center>[[Image:crosstab_12.JPG|500px]]</center></div>Ler172http://2010.igem.org/Team:Penn_State/Human_PracticesTeam:Penn State/Human Practices2010-10-28T00:40:18Z<p>Ler172: /* Significant Results */</p>
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!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State|Home]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Team|Team]]<br />
!align="center"|[https://igem.org/Team.cgi?year=2010&team_name=Penn_State Official Team Profile]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Project|Project]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Parts|Parts Submitted to the Registry]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Notebook|Notebook]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Human Practices|Human Practices]]<br />
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!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Sponsors|Sponsors]]<br />
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==Penn State iGEM 2010==<br />
<br />
This year, Penn State iGEM created a survey about Genetically Modified Organisms(GMOs) in Agriculture. The survey included questions about where and when GMOs should be used, GMOs containing a "cell-death" mechanism, and other questions dealing with the use of GMOs. For this survey, we decided we wanted to get a random sample of college-aged students from around the world. All of the other iGEM teams were contacted and asked to participate in sending our survey to a group of random students from their respective schools. In order to distribute the survey to their schools, the iGEM teams were asked to undergo training required by their school or country necessary to distribute surveys. Of all of the teams, the University of British Columbia, Georgia Tech, Harvard, RMIT Australia, USTC and USTC Software, Uppsala University, The Citadel, and UCSF showed interest in helping us distribute our survey. Unfortunately, mosts schools received few responses, with the University of British Columbia having one, Georgia Tech having none, Harvard four, USTC and USTC Software seven, Uppsala University none, The Citadel one, and UCSF nine. In addition, four were listed as other, which we believe were from UCSF. We believe that they misunderstood our intentions of the survey and instead of distributing the survey to other members of their university, they took it themselves. '''RMIT Australia''' did receive permission from their ethics committee to distribute the survey to random students at their school and collected 191 responses for us. Unfortunately, we were not able to gather their responses in time to include in our survey analysis, so we listed their results separately. We really appreciative their cooperation and willingness to help and collaborate with us! They did an amazing job! <br />
<br />
<br />
In order for our team to create and distribute the survey, training by the Institutional Review Board was necessary. Documentation of the students who worked on the survey can be found on our [[Team:Penn State/Safety|safety page]].<br />
<br />
==Survey Results==<br />
Overall, we were able to gather a broad array of information that can be portrayed to show the general beliefs of college aged students on the principles of GMOs, research involving genetic engineering, and the use of a "cell-death" mechanism to be implemented in bacteria.<br />
<br />
===Significant Results===<br />
After some statistical analysis, our results showed that the trust people have in their nation's policy of regulations of GMOs and in scientists is significant with nearly all applications of GMOs. In other words, those who don't trust the policies of regulation set by their government and those who don't trust scientists are more likely to not be very supportive of the applications of GMOs; the opposite is also true. We also found that those who support the use of GMOs are more likely to be in favor of "cell-death" mechanisms and those that oppose the use of GMOs are less likely to support "cell-death" mechanisms. In addition, home location and the person's major study area had some significance with a few variables, but these were not as prominent as that of the people's trust in their nation's policies of regulation of GMOs and scientists and their acceptance of GMO use. <br />
<br />
<br />
One minor significance found was that science and engineering students tended to have a greater acceptance of the applications of GMOs than did those of other majors.<br />
<br />
[[Tables of cross-tabulations and chi-squares of some prominent factors which showed great significance]]<br />
<br />
Shown below are a few tables and chi-squares of cross-tabulations of some of the more prominent factors which showed great significance.<br />
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===Question Specific Results===<br />
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Listed below are all of the results for each question of our survey.<br />
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[[Image:survey_question_1.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_2.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_11.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_3.jpg|400px]]<br />
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[[Image:survey_question_13.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_14.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_15.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_16.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_17.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_18.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_19.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_20.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_21.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_22.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_23.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_24.jpg|400px]]<br />
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==RMIT Australia's Results==<br />
<br />
===Comparison===<br />
As compared to the results of the respondents from the United States, RMIT Australia had similar opinions of GMOs. Both places had a large amount of respondents who were supportive of the use of GMOs in different applications.<br />
<br />
<center>'''RMIT Australia:'''</center> <br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:australia_survey_2.JPG|400px]]</center> <br />
<br />
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<center>'''U.S.:'''</center><br />
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<center>[[Image:General_acceptance_of_GMOs.JPG|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
One of the major differences between the United States responses and RMIT Australia was the proximity in which the person would like to live near an area where GMOs are used. As depicted below, those students at RMIT have a greater dislike of GMOs being used in a farm, field or stream than those students in the U.S. Both sets of students have similar acceptance of GMOs used in a factory or laboratory, but would not necessarily want to live close to them. The difference in opinions between the two geographical groups of respondents on the acceptance of GMOs used in a farm, field or stream is striking; this difference was not expected. It would be an interesting study to collect more data and point out the factors that cause the students from the United States to have such differing views from those of Australia pertaining to GMO proximity.<br />
<br />
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<center>'''RMIT Australia:'''</center><br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:australia_survey_8.JPG|400px]]</center><br />
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<center>'''U.S.:'''</center><br />
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<center>[[Image:survey_question_15.JPG|400px]]</center><br />
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<center>'''RMIT Australia:'''</center><br />
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<center>[[Image:australia_survey_7.JPG|400px]]</center><br />
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<center>'''U.S.:'''</center><br />
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<center>[[Image:survey_question_14.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
===Other Results===<br />
<br />
Shown below are the rest of RMIT Australia's results.<br />
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[[Image:Australia_survey_1.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_3.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_4.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_5.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_6.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_9.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_10.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_11.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_12.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_13.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_14.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_15.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_16.JPG|400px]]</div>Ler172http://2010.igem.org/Team:Penn_State/ProjectTeam:Penn State/Project2010-10-27T19:58:25Z<p>Ler172: /* Project Contributors */</p>
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<!--- The Mission, Experiments ---><br />
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{| style="color:#1b2c8a;background-color:#FFFFFF;" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="1" border="0" bordercolor="#fff" width="90%" align="center"<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State|Home]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Team|Team]]<br />
!align="center"|[https://igem.org/Team.cgi?year=2010&team_name=Penn_State Official Team Profile]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Project|Project]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Parts|Parts Submitted to the Registry]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Notebook|Notebook]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Human Practices|Human Practices]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Safety|Safety]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Sponsors|Sponsors]]<br />
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== '''Overall project''' ==<br />
The Penn State Team will be researching and experimenting two different ideas. The first area of study will be creating an oxygen-sensing promoter. This will be done through researching the way that FNR and arcA regulate aerobic/anaerobic respiration in E. coli; engineering applications will be applied to these processes. The second topic we are working on is Bacterial Fireworks, an incorporation of quorum-sensing and oxygen-sensing. Here is a simple example of a problem that our research with oxygen promoters and quorum sensing could solve:<br />
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Imagine a glass jar that is has been sealed off from the outside air. We want to be able to tell how good the jar is at keeping oxygen out using expression of an anaerobic fluorescent protein (AFP) in the bacteria as an indicator. To set up the experiment, the jar is filled with agar populated by E. coli which will consume all the available oxygen in a short period of time. The bacteria contains our plasmid which includes an oxygen-sensing promoter and quorum sensing genes. In the event that oxygen leaks into the jar, the top layer of bacteria react by expressing AFP. <br />
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<center>[[Image:jar_first.png|600px]]</center><br />
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However, this is a weak indicator. If only the top layer of cells is fluorescing, it will be hard to detect a change at all! Quorum sensing solves this problem by sending a signal to all the surrounding bacteria that will cause them to begin producing AFP.<br />
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<center>[[Image:jar_before.png|600px]]</center><br />
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In this way, only when oxygen-sensing and quorum-sensing are used together will the AFP indicator be a strong enough signal to measure.<br />
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<center>[[Image:jar_final.png|600px]]</center><br />
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A reliable modular lysis mechanism through quorum sensing could be used in many different fields. As engineered microorganisms are becoming more widely considered for use in the open environment, concerns are growing about possible detrimental effects these microbes could have on ecosystems if they were ever to grow and multiply past expectations. A quorum-based lysis "safety" mechanism would only require one cell to receive a predetermined signal in order to eliminate the entire rogue population, should it escape the area of its intended use.<br />
<br />
===Project Contributors===<br />
<br />
Penn State iGEM would like to give a big thank you to those who helped us through the process of our project. We really appreciate the help the following people have given us:<br />
<br />
<br />
;Mike Kang<br />
:Mike designed the oxygen promoters that deal with FNR. With his help we were able to take his design and assemble the promoters.<br />
<br />
;Trip Garland<br />
:Trip designed the oxygen promoters that deal with arcA. Although, we did not get to assemble his designed promoters, they were a potential use for our project.<br />
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;Dr. Leland Glenna<br />
:Dr. Glenna helped guide us in the process of designing our survey and also helped us with our statistical analysis of the results.<br />
<br />
;Mike Speer<br />
:Mike was the driving force behind our iGEM team to help us accomplish our goals while we worked in Dr. Richard's lab. Under his guidance, and tested patience, we overcame many obstacles to complete our tasks.<br />
<br />
;RMIT-Australia<br />
:RMIT collaborated with us by helping with our Human Practice's project. They distributed our survey to random students at their school, so we could better understand some of the different perspectives on Genetically Modified Organisms across the globe.<br />
<br />
== Project Details==<br />
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=== Genetic Circuit ===<br />
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The Penn State iGEM team began work and research in mid May. After learning lab techniques from the grad students, we began researching possible topics. We decided to create an oxygen sensing promoter(s) to be coupled with a quorum sensing device.<br />
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<br />
Initially, we transformed Lux Promoters, Constitutive Promoters, LuxI + RBS, LuxR + RBS, Terminators, LacI, LuxR, pLac, CI, RBS, Pigments, FP, LacI + RBS, and CI + RBS. While these parts were beneficial to constructs of other nature, some of them would ultimately lead us nowhere.<br />
<br />
Eventually we realized that these parts did not cohere to the project and we focused our attention elsewhere and began doing that work. For a better understanding of the parts used throughout our project, please refer to the tables below.<br />
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<center><br />
{| style="color:blue; background-color:#ffffff;" cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" border="1"<br />
!Lux Promoters<br />
!Lux Promoters<br />
!Constitutive Promoters<br />
!LuxI + RBS<br />
!LuxR + RBS<br />
!Terminator<br />
!AFP<br />
!Tet Promoters<br />
|-<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_K091107 K091107]<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_R1062 R1062]<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_J23108 J23108]<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_C0061 C0061]<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_K376010 K376010]<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_B0010 B0010]<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_K376004 K376004]<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_R0040 R0040]<br />
|-<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_K091146 K091146]<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_R0063 R0063]<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_J23116 J23116]<br />
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|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_B0012 B0012]<br />
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{| style="color:blue; background-color:#ffffff;" cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" border="1"<br />
!LuxR<br />
!cI<br />
!RBS<br />
!RFP + RBS<br />
!LacI + RBS<br />
!cI + RBS<br />
!Tet Repressor<br />
!Super RBS<br />
!Anaerobic Promoters<br />
|-<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_C0062 C0062]<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_C0051 C0051]<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_B0033 B0033]<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_E1010 E1010]<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_J24679 J24679]<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_K081007 K081007]<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_C0040 C0040]<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_K376001 K376001]<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_K376002 K376002]<br />
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|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_B0034 B0034]<br />
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|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_P0451 P0451]<br />
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{| style="color:blue; background-color:#ffffff;" cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" border="1"<br />
!Oxygen Sensitive Promoters<br />
!AFP+RBS<br />
!AFP Generators<br />
!RFP Generators<br />
!Constitutive LuxR Generators<br />
!Tet Inverted Lambda Repressor<br />
|-<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_K376003 K376003]<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_K376004 K376004]<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_K376005 K376005]<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_K376008 K376008]<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_K376011 K376011]<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_K376019 K376019]<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_K376006 K376006]<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_K376009 K376009]<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_K376012 K376012]<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_K376025 K376025]<br />
|-<br />
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|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|align="center"|[http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_K376013 K376013]<br />
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|}<br />
</center><br />
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<br />
<br />
Here is an overview of our genetic circuit. Below, we will take a look at the function of each individual part in detail.<br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:Genetic_Circuit_5.jpg|800px]]</center><br />
<br />
Our genetic circuit is designed to initially be in an anoxic state. The goal here was to create a circuit with a very strong OFF during anaerobic conditions, and a very strong ON during aerobic conditions. Anaerobic fluorescent protein (AFP) is used as an indicator.<br />
<br />
===cI mechanism===<br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:CImovie.gif|cI mechanism]]</center><br />
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<br />
The Tet inverter behaves somewhat as a constitutive promoter when no promoter is in front of it. Following the Tet inverter is a cI coding sequence (which codes for the lambda repressor). The lambda repressor binds to the lux promoters in the front of the circuit, which are also lambda repressible. This, coupled with the fact that the conditions are anaerobic, provides a very strong "off" switch that does not allow the expression of the Anaerobic Fluorescent Protein (AFP) to occur.<br />
<br />
===FNR breaks apart in oxygen===<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:FNRmovie.gif|FNR breaks apart in Oxygen]]</center><br />
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<br />
FNR can act as a repressor or inducer depending on its position relative to the RBS. In nature, an activated FNR dimer represses aerobic functions while inducing anaerobic functions.<br />
<br />
In the event that conditions change to aerobic in our circuit, oxygen molecules break up the dimer formed by FNR, causing the FNR dimer to detach from the oxygen promoter. Assuming that the oxygen promoter used in this assembly is a repressor, the end result will be that the coding sequences following the promoter will begin to be expressed.<br />
<br />
===Ptet is repressed, and the positive feedback loop is switched on===<br />
<center>[[Image:Tet.gif]]</center><br />
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<br />
<br />
The oxygen promoter is followed by 3 protein coding sequences. Two of them are genes that code for the Tet repressor and LuxI (which produces [N-]acyl-homoserine lactone, or AHL). These two parts serve to strengthen the genetic switch once it has been turned on. The Tet repressor binds to the Tet inverter, causing the expression of the lambda repressor to be switched off. Meanwhile, AHL production resulting from the LuxI gene couples with the constitutively-expressed LuxR in order to activate the Lux promoter at the beginning of the circuit.<br />
<br />
In addition, the Anaerobic Fluorescent Protein begins to be expressed at a high rate.<br />
<br />
===AFP expression ramps up===<br />
<center>[[Image:AFP.gif]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Because both the oxygen promoter and the Lux promoter are turned on as part of the positive feedback loop, AFP is now expressing at a very high rate. This is also bolstered by the fact that that the Super RBS is in front of this protein.<br />
<br />
== The Experiments ==<br />
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=== Oxygen Sensor ===<br />
<br />
The design of the oxygen-sensing promoter was based on the dcuC gene of E. coli. The two binding sites for FNR surrounded the RNAP binding site and were systematically shifted upstream and downstream from this site in multiple constructs, causing overlap of the RNAP binding site in some cases. Five constructs were designed using the constitutive promoter J23113 as the basis for the rest of the promoter following the downstream FNR binding site. The construct out of these five that was fully characterized was J6, and its sequence is as follows:<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:D5.jpg|800px]]</center><br />
<br />
The oxygen promoters were characterized using a Tecan infinite M1000 microplate reader. Each sample was grown overnight on plates and transferred to a 96 deep-well plate for overnight growth. After 16 hours the samples were tested in the Tecan, where measurements would be taken for around 12 hours. Sometimes, measurement of growth of three successive plates (serially diluted from the preceding one) was needed before the appropriate steady state could be recorded.<br />
<br />
=== Lux System ===<br />
<br />
== Results ==<br />
<br />
All measurements were taken using the Tecan Infinite M 1000 spectrophotometer. The following is a graph of the raw fluorescence values recorded by the Tecan for two oxygen promoters, D5 and J6. Each construct was duplicated in the 96-well plate. One was allowed to grow normally under aerobic conditions, while the other sample was covered in 100uL of mineral oil to create an anaerobic environment. Serial dilution of two plates resulted in 3 sets of data for this experiment, as seen below.<br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:Rawoxygen.png|800px]]</center><br />
<br />
The next graph shown is the Raw data for OD for the same constructs shown above. The OD is proportional to the number of cells growing in the media, so dividing the fluorescence by these values is approximately proportional to the fluorescence per cell.<br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:RawODoxygen.png|800px]]</center><br />
<br />
Shown below is the Fluorescence over OD of each sample. As the samples reach steady state, the graph should become a horizontal line. Notice how the graph comes closer and closer to reaching this steady state with each successive plate. Also, it is important to rememeber that evaporation comes into play here when comparing anaerobic and anaerobic samples with each other. Since the anaerobic samples are covered in mineral oil, it is expected that the evaporation rates of the media underneath is less. This means that, for aerobic cells, the OD becomes artificially inflated as the same number of cells have become concentrated in less and less media. It is not known to what extent the evaporation effect has on these data.<br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:FLUORoverODoxygen.png|800px]]</center><br />
<br />
Next, the fold-change was calculated for each sample. That is, the fluorescence/OD for anaerobic growth of the sample was divided bye fluorescence/OD for the aerobic sample. The same was done for a constitutive promoter expressing AFP. That way, a comparison could be made between constant expression of AFP in an anoxic environment and induced expression.<br />
<br />
===Oxygen Promoter J6===<br />
<center>[[Image:Poxygen.png|800px]]</center><br />
<br />
===Oxygen Promoter D5===<br />
<center>[[Image:D5promoter.png|800px]]</center><br />
<br />
The results are that both promoters indeeed were inducible under anaerobic conditions. The fold-change expression when switching from aerobic to anaerobic is significantly higher than the fold-change expression of the constitutive promoter.<br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:comparison.png|800px]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
===Characterization of Old BioBrick parts===<br />
<br />
When designing our project, we were thinking about using the violacein pigment, BBa_K274002, in our genetic circuit. This part is supposed to be just the coding sequence without a promoter. As can be seen by the picture below, the coding sequence appears to have some sort of constitutive promoter attached to it.<br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:Violacein.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
Two Lux-inducible promoters that were already on the registry (K091107 and K091146) were characterized. Because these promoters require AHL and LuxR in order to activate, a construct was created that consisted of a Lux promoter followed by RFP, and a constitutive promoter followed by the LuxR gene. LuxR was expected to be present in excess so that the limiting factor would be AHL.<br />
<br />
The AHL used was N(Beta-Ketocaproyl)-L-homoserine lactone. It was added to samples in a 96-well plate in concentrations of 0, .1, 1, 10, 100 and 1000nM.<br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:1107_108.png|800px]]</center><br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:1107_116_tetR.png|800px]]</center><br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:146_108_tetR.png|800px]]</center><br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:146_116_tetR.png|800px]]</center></div>Ler172http://2010.igem.org/Team:Penn_State/Human_PracticesTeam:Penn State/Human Practices2010-10-27T19:53:38Z<p>Ler172: /* Penn State iGEM 2010 */</p>
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!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State|Home]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Team|Team]]<br />
!align="center"|[https://igem.org/Team.cgi?year=2010&team_name=Penn_State Official Team Profile]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Project|Project]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Parts|Parts Submitted to the Registry]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Notebook|Notebook]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Human Practices|Human Practices]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Safety|Safety]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Sponsors|Sponsors]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Penn State iGEM 2010==<br />
<br />
This year, Penn State iGEM created a survey about Genetically Modified Organisms(GMOs) in Agriculture. The survey included questions about where and when GMOs should be used, GMOs containing a "cell-death" mechanism, and other questions dealing with the use of GMOs. For this survey, we decided we wanted to get a random sample of college-aged students from around the world. All of the other iGEM teams were contacted and asked to participate in sending our survey to a group of random students from their respective schools. In order to distribute the survey to their schools, the iGEM teams were asked to undergo training required by their school or country necessary to distribute surveys. Of all of the teams, the University of British Columbia, Georgia Tech, Harvard, RMIT Australia, USTC and USTC Software, Uppsala University, The Citadel, and UCSF showed interest in helping us distribute our survey. Unfortunately, mosts schools received few responses, with the University of British Columbia having one, Georgia Tech having none, Harvard four, USTC and USTC Software seven, Uppsala University none, The Citadel one, and UCSF nine. In addition, four were listed as other, which we believe were from UCSF. We believe that they misunderstood our intentions of the survey and instead of distributing the survey to other members of their university, they took it themselves. '''RMIT Australia''' did receive permission from their ethics committee to distribute the survey to random students at their school and collected 191 responses for us. Unfortunately, we were not able to gather their responses in time to include in our survey analysis, so we listed their results separately. We really appreciative their cooperation and willingness to help and collaborate with us! They did an amazing job! <br />
<br />
<br />
In order for our team to create and distribute the survey, training by the Institutional Review Board was necessary. Documentation of the students who worked on the survey can be found on our [[Team:Penn State/Safety|safety page]].<br />
<br />
==Survey Results==<br />
Overall, we were able to gather a broad array of information that can be portrayed to show the general beliefs of college aged students on the principles of GMOs, research involving genetic engineering, and the use of a "cell-death" mechanism to be implemented in bacteria.<br />
<br />
===Significant Results===<br />
After some statistical analysis, our results showed that the trust people have in their nation's policy of regulations of GMOs and in scientists is significant with nearly all applications of GMOs. In other words, those who don't trust the policies of regulation set by their government and those who don't trust scientists are more likely to not be very supportive of the applications of GMOs; the opposite is also true. We also found that those who support the use of GMOs are more likely to be in favor of "cell-death" mechanisms and those that oppose the use of GMOs are less likely to support "cell-death" mechanisms. In addition, home location and the person's major study area had some significance with a few variables, but these were not as prominent as that of the people's trust in their nation's policies of regulation of GMOs and scientists and their acceptance of GMO use. <br />
<br />
<br />
One minor significance found was that science and engineering students tended to have a greater acceptance of the applications of GMOs than did those of other majors.<br />
<br />
<br />
Shown below are a few tables and chi-squares of cross-tabulations of some of the more prominent factors which showed great significance.<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:crosstab_2.JPG|500px]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:crosstab_4.JPG|500px]]</center><br />
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<center>[[Image:crosstab_5.JPG|500px]]</center><br />
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<br />
<center>[[Image:crosstab_6.JPG|500px]]</center><br />
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<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:crosstab_8.JPG|500px]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:crosstab_9.JPG|500px]]</center><br />
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<center>[[Image:crosstab_10.JPG|500px]]</center><br />
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<center>[[Image:crosstab_11.JPG|500px]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:crosstab_12.JPG|500px]]</center><br />
<br />
===Question Specific Results===<br />
<br />
Listed below are all of the results for each question of our survey.<br />
<br />
[[Image:survey_question_1.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_2.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_11.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_3.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_4.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_5.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_6.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_7.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_8.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_9.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_10.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_12.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_13.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_14.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_15.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_16.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_17.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_18.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_19.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_20.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_21.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_22.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_23.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_24.jpg|400px]]<br />
<br />
==RMIT Australia's Results==<br />
<br />
===Comparison===<br />
As compared to the results of the respondents from the United States, who comprised most of the survey's population, RMIT Australia had similar opinions of GMOs. Both places had a large amount of respondents who were supportive of the use of GMOs in different applications.<br />
<br />
<center>'''RMIT Australia:'''</center> <br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:australia_survey_2.JPG|400px]]</center> <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>'''U.S.:'''</center><br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:General_acceptance_of_GMOs.JPG|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
One of the major differences between the United States responses and RMIT Australia was the proximity in which the person would like to live near an area where GMOs are used. As depicted below, those students at RMIT have a greater dislike of GMOs being used in a farm, field or stream than those students in the U.S. Both sets of students have similar acceptance of GMOs used in a factory or laboratory, but would not necessarily want to live close to them. The difference in opinions between the two geographical groups of respondents on the acceptance of GMOs used in a farm, field or stream is striking; this difference was not expected. It would be an interesting study to collect more data and point out the factors that cause the students from the United States to have such differing views from those of Australia pertaining to GMO proximity.<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>'''RMIT Australia:'''</center><br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:australia_survey_8.JPG|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>'''U.S.:'''</center><br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:survey_question_15.JPG|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
<center>'''RMIT Australia:'''</center><br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:australia_survey_7.JPG|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>'''U.S.:'''</center><br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:survey_question_14.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
===Other Results===<br />
<br />
Shown below are the rest of RMIT Australia's results.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_1.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_3.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_4.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_5.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_6.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_9.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_10.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_11.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_12.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_13.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_14.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_15.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_16.JPG|400px]]</div>Ler172http://2010.igem.org/Team:Penn_State/Human_PracticesTeam:Penn State/Human Practices2010-10-27T19:45:59Z<p>Ler172: /* Significant Results */</p>
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!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State|Home]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Team|Team]]<br />
!align="center"|[https://igem.org/Team.cgi?year=2010&team_name=Penn_State Official Team Profile]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Project|Project]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Parts|Parts Submitted to the Registry]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Notebook|Notebook]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Human Practices|Human Practices]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Safety|Safety]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Sponsors|Sponsors]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Penn State iGEM 2010==<br />
<br />
This year, Penn State iGEM created a survey about Genetically Modified Organisms(GMOs) in Agriculture. The survey included questions about where and when GMOs should be used, GMOs containing a "cell-death" mechanism, and other questions dealing with the use of GMOs. For this survey, we decided we wanted to get a random sample of college-aged students from around the world. All of the other iGEM teams were contacted and asked to participate in sending our survey to a group of random students from their respective schools. In order to distribute the survey to their schools, the iGEM teams were asked to undergo training required by their school or country necessary to distribute surveys. Of all of the teams, the University of British Columbia, Georgia Tech, Harvard, RMIT Australia, USTC and USTC Software, Uppsala University, The Citadel, and UCSF showed interest in helping us distribute our survey. Unfortunately, mosts schools received few responses, with the University of British Columbia having one, Georgia Tech having none, Harvard four, USTC and USTC Software seven, Uppsala University none, The Citadel one, and UCSF nine. In addition, four were listed as other, which we believe were from UCSF. We believe that they misunderstood our intentions of the survey and instead of distributing the survey to other members of their university, they took it themselves. RMIT Australia did receive permission from their ethics committee to distribute the survey to random students at their school and collected 191 responses for us. Unfortunately, we were not able to gather their responses in time to include in our survey analysis, so we listed their results separately. We really appreciative their cooperation and willingness to help and collaborate with us! They did an amazing job! <br />
<br />
<br />
In order for our team to create and distribute the survey, training by the Institutional Review Board was necessary. Documentation of the students who worked on the survey can be found on our [[Team:Penn State/Safety|safety page]].<br />
<br />
==Survey Results==<br />
Overall, we were able to gather a broad array of information that can be portrayed to show the general beliefs of college aged students on the principles of GMOs, research involving genetic engineering, and the use of a "cell-death" mechanism to be implemented in bacteria.<br />
<br />
===Significant Results===<br />
After some statistical analysis, our results showed that the trust people have in their nation's policy of regulations of GMOs and in scientists is significant with nearly all applications of GMOs. In other words, those who don't trust the policies of regulation set by their government and those who don't trust scientists are more likely to not be very supportive of the applications of GMOs; the opposite is also true. We also found that those who support the use of GMOs are more likely to be in favor of "cell-death" mechanisms and those that oppose the use of GMOs are less likely to support "cell-death" mechanisms. In addition, home location and the person's major study area had some significance with a few variables, but these were not as prominent as that of the people's trust in their nation's policies of regulation of GMOs and scientists and their acceptance of GMO use. <br />
<br />
<br />
One minor significance found was that science and engineering students tended to have a greater acceptance of the applications of GMOs than did those of other majors.<br />
<br />
<br />
Shown below are a few tables and chi-squares of cross-tabulations of some of the more prominent factors which showed great significance.<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:crosstab_2.JPG|500px]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:crosstab_4.JPG|500px]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:crosstab_5.JPG|500px]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:crosstab_6.JPG|500px]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:crosstab_8.JPG|500px]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:crosstab_9.JPG|500px]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:crosstab_10.JPG|500px]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:crosstab_11.JPG|500px]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:crosstab_12.JPG|500px]]</center><br />
<br />
===Question Specific Results===<br />
<br />
Listed below are all of the results for each question of our survey.<br />
<br />
[[Image:survey_question_1.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_2.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_11.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_3.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_4.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_5.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_6.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_7.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_8.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_9.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_10.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_12.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_13.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_14.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_15.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_16.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_17.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_18.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_19.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_20.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_21.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_22.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_23.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_24.jpg|400px]]<br />
<br />
==RMIT Australia's Results==<br />
<br />
===Comparison===<br />
As compared to the results of the respondents from the United States, who comprised most of the survey's population, RMIT Australia had similar opinions of GMOs. Both places had a large amount of respondents who were supportive of the use of GMOs in different applications.<br />
<br />
<center>'''RMIT Australia:'''</center> <br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:australia_survey_2.JPG|400px]]</center> <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>'''U.S.:'''</center><br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:General_acceptance_of_GMOs.JPG|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
One of the major differences between the United States responses and RMIT Australia was the proximity in which the person would like to live near an area where GMOs are used. As depicted below, those students at RMIT have a greater dislike of GMOs being used in a farm, field or stream than those students in the U.S. Both sets of students have similar acceptance of GMOs used in a factory or laboratory, but would not necessarily want to live close to them. The difference in opinions between the two geographical groups of respondents on the acceptance of GMOs used in a farm, field or stream is striking; this difference was not expected. It would be an interesting study to collect more data and point out the factors that cause the students from the United States to have such differing views from those of Australia pertaining to GMO proximity.<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>'''RMIT Australia:'''</center><br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:australia_survey_8.JPG|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>'''U.S.:'''</center><br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:survey_question_15.JPG|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
<center>'''RMIT Australia:'''</center><br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:australia_survey_7.JPG|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>'''U.S.:'''</center><br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:survey_question_14.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
===Other Results===<br />
<br />
Shown below are the rest of RMIT Australia's results.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_1.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_3.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_4.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_5.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_6.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_9.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_10.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_11.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_12.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_13.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_14.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_15.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_16.JPG|400px]]</div>Ler172http://2010.igem.org/File:Crosstab_6.JPGFile:Crosstab 6.JPG2010-10-27T19:43:35Z<p>Ler172: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>Ler172http://2010.igem.org/File:Crosstab_5.JPGFile:Crosstab 5.JPG2010-10-27T19:42:06Z<p>Ler172: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>Ler172http://2010.igem.org/File:Crosstab_4.JPGFile:Crosstab 4.JPG2010-10-27T19:41:45Z<p>Ler172: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>Ler172http://2010.igem.org/File:Crosstab_2.JPGFile:Crosstab 2.JPG2010-10-27T19:41:10Z<p>Ler172: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>Ler172http://2010.igem.org/Team:Penn_State/Human_PracticesTeam:Penn State/Human Practices2010-10-27T19:35:51Z<p>Ler172: /* Significant Results */</p>
<hr />
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!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State|Home]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Team|Team]]<br />
!align="center"|[https://igem.org/Team.cgi?year=2010&team_name=Penn_State Official Team Profile]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Project|Project]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Parts|Parts Submitted to the Registry]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Notebook|Notebook]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Human Practices|Human Practices]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Safety|Safety]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Sponsors|Sponsors]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Penn State iGEM 2010==<br />
<br />
This year, Penn State iGEM created a survey about Genetically Modified Organisms(GMOs) in Agriculture. The survey included questions about where and when GMOs should be used, GMOs containing a "cell-death" mechanism, and other questions dealing with the use of GMOs. For this survey, we decided we wanted to get a random sample of college-aged students from around the world. All of the other iGEM teams were contacted and asked to participate in sending our survey to a group of random students from their respective schools. In order to distribute the survey to their schools, the iGEM teams were asked to undergo training required by their school or country necessary to distribute surveys. Of all of the teams, the University of British Columbia, Georgia Tech, Harvard, RMIT Australia, USTC and USTC Software, Uppsala University, The Citadel, and UCSF showed interest in helping us distribute our survey. Unfortunately, mosts schools received few responses, with the University of British Columbia having one, Georgia Tech having none, Harvard four, USTC and USTC Software seven, Uppsala University none, The Citadel one, and UCSF nine. In addition, four were listed as other, which we believe were from UCSF. We believe that they misunderstood our intentions of the survey and instead of distributing the survey to other members of their university, they took it themselves. RMIT Australia did receive permission from their ethics committee to distribute the survey to random students at their school and collected 191 responses for us. Unfortunately, we were not able to gather their responses in time to include in our survey analysis, so we listed their results separately. We really appreciative their cooperation and willingness to help and collaborate with us! They did an amazing job! <br />
<br />
<br />
In order for our team to create and distribute the survey, training by the Institutional Review Board was necessary. Documentation of the students who worked on the survey can be found on our [[Team:Penn State/Safety|safety page]].<br />
<br />
==Survey Results==<br />
Overall, we were able to gather a broad array of information that can be portrayed to show the general beliefs of college aged students on the principles of GMOs, research involving genetic engineering, and the use of a "cell-death" mechanism to be implemented in bacteria.<br />
<br />
===Significant Results===<br />
After some statistical analysis, our results showed that the trust people have in their nation's policy of regulations of GMOs and in scientists is significant with nearly all applications of GMOs. In other words, those who don't trust the policies of regulation set by their government and those who don't trust scientists are more likely to not be very supportive of the applications of GMOs; the opposite is also true. We also found that those who support the use of GMOs are more likely to be in favor of "cell-death" mechanisms and those that oppose the use of GMOs are less likely to support "cell-death" mechanisms. In addition, home location and the person's major study area had some significance with a few variables, but these were not as prominent as that of the people's trust in their nation's policies of regulation of GMOs and scientists and their acceptance of GMO use. <br />
<br />
<br />
One minor significance found was that science and engineering students tended to have a greater acceptance of the applications of GMOs than did those of other majors.<br />
<br />
<br />
Shown below are a few tables and chi-squares of cross-tabulations of some of the more prominent factors which showed great significance.<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:crosstab_2.jpg]]</center><br />
<center>[[Image:crosstab_5.jpg]]</center><br />
<center>[[Image:crosstab_5.jpg]]</center><br />
<center>[[Image:crosstab_6.jpg]]</center><br />
<center>[[Image:crosstab_8.JPG]]</center><br />
<center>[[Image:crosstab_9.JPG]]</center><br />
<center>[[Image:crosstab_10.JPG]]</center><br />
<center>[[Image:crosstab_11.JPG]]</center><br />
<center>[[Image:crosstab_12.JPG]]</center><br />
<br />
===Question Specific Results===<br />
<br />
Listed below are all of the results for each question of our survey.<br />
<br />
[[Image:survey_question_1.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_2.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_11.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_3.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_4.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_5.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_6.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_7.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_8.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_9.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_10.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_12.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_13.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_14.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_15.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_16.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_17.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_18.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_19.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_20.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_21.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_22.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_23.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_24.jpg|400px]]<br />
<br />
==RMIT Australia's Results==<br />
<br />
===Comparison===<br />
As compared to the results of the respondents from the United States, who comprised most of the survey's population, RMIT Australia had similar opinions of GMOs. Both places had a large amount of respondents who were supportive of the use of GMOs in different applications.<br />
<br />
<center>'''RMIT Australia:'''</center> <br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:australia_survey_2.JPG|400px]]</center> <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>'''U.S.:'''</center><br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:General_acceptance_of_GMOs.JPG|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
One of the major differences between the United States responses and RMIT Australia was the proximity in which the person would like to live near an area where GMOs are used. As depicted below, those students at RMIT have a greater dislike of GMOs being used in a farm, field or stream than those students in the U.S. Both sets of students have similar acceptance of GMOs used in a factory or laboratory, but would not necessarily want to live close to them. The difference in opinions between the two geographical groups of respondents on the acceptance of GMOs used in a farm, field or stream is striking; this difference was not expected. It would be an interesting study to collect more data and point out the factors that cause the students from the United States to have such differing views from those of Australia pertaining to GMO proximity.<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>'''RMIT Australia:'''</center><br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:australia_survey_8.JPG|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>'''U.S.:'''</center><br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:survey_question_15.JPG|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
<center>'''RMIT Australia:'''</center><br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:australia_survey_7.JPG|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>'''U.S.:'''</center><br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:survey_question_14.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
===Other Results===<br />
<br />
Shown below are the rest of RMIT Australia's results.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_1.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_3.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_4.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_5.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_6.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_9.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_10.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_11.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_12.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_13.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_14.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_15.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_16.JPG|400px]]</div>Ler172http://2010.igem.org/File:Crosstab_12.JPGFile:Crosstab 12.JPG2010-10-27T19:31:49Z<p>Ler172: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>Ler172http://2010.igem.org/File:Crosstab_11.JPGFile:Crosstab 11.JPG2010-10-27T19:31:35Z<p>Ler172: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>Ler172http://2010.igem.org/File:Crosstab_10.JPGFile:Crosstab 10.JPG2010-10-27T19:26:20Z<p>Ler172: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>Ler172http://2010.igem.org/File:Crosstab_9.JPGFile:Crosstab 9.JPG2010-10-27T19:24:34Z<p>Ler172: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>Ler172http://2010.igem.org/File:Crosstab_8.JPGFile:Crosstab 8.JPG2010-10-27T19:23:04Z<p>Ler172: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>Ler172http://2010.igem.org/File:Crosstab_6.jpgFile:Crosstab 6.jpg2010-10-27T19:18:16Z<p>Ler172: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>Ler172http://2010.igem.org/File:Crosstab_5.jpgFile:Crosstab 5.jpg2010-10-27T19:17:45Z<p>Ler172: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>Ler172http://2010.igem.org/File:Crosstab_4.jpgFile:Crosstab 4.jpg2010-10-27T19:17:16Z<p>Ler172: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>Ler172http://2010.igem.org/File:Crosstab_2.jpgFile:Crosstab 2.jpg2010-10-27T19:16:15Z<p>Ler172: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>Ler172http://2010.igem.org/Team:Penn_State/Human_PracticesTeam:Penn State/Human Practices2010-10-27T19:15:50Z<p>Ler172: /* Significant Results */</p>
<hr />
<div><html><br />
<style>#globalWrapper {<br />
background-image: url(http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:pkNNff6vnoqKGM:b) !important;<br />
background-repeat: repeat;}<br />
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</style><br />
</html><br />
<br />
{| style="color:#1b2c8a;background-color:#FFFFFF;" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="1" border="0" bordercolor="#fff" width="90%" align="center"<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State|Home]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Team|Team]]<br />
!align="center"|[https://igem.org/Team.cgi?year=2010&team_name=Penn_State Official Team Profile]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Project|Project]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Parts|Parts Submitted to the Registry]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Notebook|Notebook]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Human Practices|Human Practices]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Safety|Safety]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Sponsors|Sponsors]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Penn State iGEM 2010==<br />
<br />
This year, Penn State iGEM created a survey about Genetically Modified Organisms(GMOs) in Agriculture. The survey included questions about where and when GMOs should be used, GMOs containing a "cell-death" mechanism, and other questions dealing with the use of GMOs. For this survey, we decided we wanted to get a random sample of college-aged students from around the world. All of the other iGEM teams were contacted and asked to participate in sending our survey to a group of random students from their respective schools. In order to distribute the survey to their schools, the iGEM teams were asked to undergo training required by their school or country necessary to distribute surveys. Of all of the teams, the University of British Columbia, Georgia Tech, Harvard, RMIT Australia, USTC and USTC Software, Uppsala University, The Citadel, and UCSF showed interest in helping us distribute our survey. Unfortunately, mosts schools received few responses, with the University of British Columbia having one, Georgia Tech having none, Harvard four, USTC and USTC Software seven, Uppsala University none, The Citadel one, and UCSF nine. In addition, four were listed as other, which we believe were from UCSF. We believe that they misunderstood our intentions of the survey and instead of distributing the survey to other members of their university, they took it themselves. RMIT Australia did receive permission from their ethics committee to distribute the survey to random students at their school and collected 191 responses for us. Unfortunately, we were not able to gather their responses in time to include in our survey analysis, so we listed their results separately. We really appreciative their cooperation and willingness to help and collaborate with us! They did an amazing job! <br />
<br />
<br />
In order for our team to create and distribute the survey, training by the Institutional Review Board was necessary. Documentation of the students who worked on the survey can be found on our [[Team:Penn State/Safety|safety page]].<br />
<br />
==Survey Results==<br />
Overall, we were able to gather a broad array of information that can be portrayed to show the general beliefs of college aged students on the principles of GMOs, research involving genetic engineering, and the use of a "cell-death" mechanism to be implemented in bacteria.<br />
<br />
===Significant Results===<br />
After some statistical analysis, our results showed that the trust people have in their nation's policy of regulations of GMOs and in scientists is significant with nearly all applications of GMOs. In other words, those who don't trust the policies of regulation set by their government and those who don't trust scientists are more likely to not be very supportive of the applications of GMOs; the opposite is also true. We also found that those who support the use of GMOs are more likely to be in favor of "cell-death" mechanisms and those that oppose the use of GMOs are less likely to support "cell-death" mechanisms. In addition, home location and the person's major study area had some significance with a few variables, but these were not as prominent as that of the people's trust in their nation's policies of regulation of GMOs and scientists and their acceptance of GMO use. <br />
<br />
<br />
One minor significance found was that science and engineering students tended to have a greater acceptance of the applications of GMOs than did those of other majors.<br />
<br />
<br />
Shown below are a few tables and chi-squares of cross-tabulations of some of the more prominent factors which showed great significance.<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:crosstab_7.jpg|crosstab_7.jpg]]</center><br />
<br />
===Question Specific Results===<br />
<br />
Listed below are all of the results for each question of our survey.<br />
<br />
[[Image:survey_question_1.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_2.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_11.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_3.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_4.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_5.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_6.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_7.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_8.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_9.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_10.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_12.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_13.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_14.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_15.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_16.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_17.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_18.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_19.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_20.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_21.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_22.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_23.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_24.jpg|400px]]<br />
<br />
==RMIT Australia's Results==<br />
<br />
===Comparison===<br />
As compared to the results of the respondents from the United States, who comprised most of the survey's population, RMIT Australia had similar opinions of GMOs. Both places had a large amount of respondents who were supportive of the use of GMOs in different applications.<br />
<br />
<center>'''RMIT Australia:'''</center> <br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:australia_survey_2.JPG|400px]]</center> <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>'''U.S.:'''</center><br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:General_acceptance_of_GMOs.JPG|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
One of the major differences between the United States responses and RMIT Australia was the proximity in which the person would like to live near an area where GMOs are used. As depicted below, those students at RMIT have a greater dislike of GMOs being used in a farm, field or stream than those students in the U.S. Both sets of students have similar acceptance of GMOs used in a factory or laboratory, but would not necessarily want to live close to them. The difference in opinions between the two geographical groups of respondents on the acceptance of GMOs used in a farm, field or stream is striking; this difference was not expected. It would be an interesting study to collect more data and point out the factors that cause the students from the United States to have such differing views from those of Australia pertaining to GMO proximity.<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>'''RMIT Australia:'''</center><br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:australia_survey_8.JPG|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>'''U.S.:'''</center><br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:survey_question_15.JPG|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
<center>'''RMIT Australia:'''</center><br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:australia_survey_7.JPG|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>'''U.S.:'''</center><br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:survey_question_14.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
===Other Results===<br />
<br />
Shown below are the rest of RMIT Australia's results.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_1.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_3.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_4.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_5.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_6.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_9.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_10.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_11.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_12.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_13.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_14.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_15.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_16.JPG|400px]]</div>Ler172http://2010.igem.org/Team:Penn_State/Human_PracticesTeam:Penn State/Human Practices2010-10-27T18:01:01Z<p>Ler172: /* RMIT Australia's Results */</p>
<hr />
<div><html><br />
<style>#globalWrapper {<br />
background-image: url(http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:pkNNff6vnoqKGM:b) !important;<br />
background-repeat: repeat;}<br />
<br />
</style><br />
</html><br />
<br />
{| style="color:#1b2c8a;background-color:#FFFFFF;" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="1" border="0" bordercolor="#fff" width="90%" align="center"<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State|Home]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Team|Team]]<br />
!align="center"|[https://igem.org/Team.cgi?year=2010&team_name=Penn_State Official Team Profile]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Project|Project]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Parts|Parts Submitted to the Registry]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Notebook|Notebook]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Human Practices|Human Practices]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Safety|Safety]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Sponsors|Sponsors]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Penn State iGEM 2010==<br />
<br />
This year, Penn State iGEM created a survey about Genetically Modified Organisms(GMOs) in Agriculture. The survey included questions about where and when GMOs should be used, GMOs containing a "cell-death" mechanism, and other questions dealing with the use of GMOs. For this survey, we decided we wanted to get a random sample of college-aged students from around the world. All of the other iGEM teams were contacted and asked to participate in sending our survey to a group of random students from their respective schools. In order to distribute the survey to their schools, the iGEM teams were asked to undergo training required by their school or country necessary to distribute surveys. Of all of the teams, the University of British Columbia, Georgia Tech, Harvard, RMIT Australia, USTC and USTC Software, Uppsala University, The Citadel, and UCSF showed interest in helping us distribute our survey. Unfortunately, mosts schools received few responses, with the University of British Columbia having one, Georgia Tech having none, Harvard four, USTC and USTC Software seven, Uppsala University none, The Citadel one, and UCSF nine. In addition, four were listed as other, which we believe were from UCSF. We believe that they misunderstood our intentions of the survey and instead of distributing the survey to other members of their university, they took it themselves. RMIT Australia did receive permission from their ethics committee to distribute the survey to random students at their school and collected 191 responses for us. Unfortunately, we were not able to gather their responses in time to include in our survey analysis, so we listed their results separately. We really appreciative their cooperation and willingness to help and collaborate with us! They did an amazing job! <br />
<br />
<br />
In order for our team to create and distribute the survey, training by the Institutional Review Board was necessary. Documentation of the students who worked on the survey can be found on our [[Team:Penn State/Safety|safety page]].<br />
<br />
==Survey Results==<br />
Overall, we were able to gather a broad array of information that can be portrayed to show the general beliefs of college aged students on the principles of GMOs, research involving genetic engineering, and the use of a "cell-death" mechanism to be implemented in bacteria.<br />
<br />
===Significant Results===<br />
After some statistical analysis, our results showed that the trust people have in their nation's policy of regulations of GMOs and in scientists is significant with nearly all applications of GMOs. In other words, those who don't trust the policies of regulation set by their government and those who don't trust scientists are more likely to not be very supportive of the applications of GMOs. Also, awareness of GMOs, home location, and the person's major study area had some significance with a few variables, but these were not as prominent as that of the people's trust in their nation's policies of regulation of GMOs and scientists. <br />
<br />
<br />
One of these was that science and engineering students tended to have a greater acceptance of the applications of GMOs than did those of other majors.<br />
<br />
<br />
Shown below are a few tables and chi-squares of cross-tabulations of some of the more prominent factors, which showed significance.<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:crosstab_7.jpg|crosstab_7.jpg]]</center><br />
<br />
===Question Specific Results===<br />
<br />
Listed below are all of the results for each question of our survey.<br />
<br />
[[Image:survey_question_1.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_2.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_11.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_3.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_4.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_5.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_6.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_7.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_8.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_9.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_10.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_12.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_13.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_14.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_15.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_16.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_17.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_18.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_19.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_20.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_21.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_22.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_23.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_24.jpg|400px]]<br />
<br />
==RMIT Australia's Results==<br />
<br />
===Comparison===<br />
As compared to the results of the respondents from the United States, who comprised most of the survey's population, RMIT Australia had similar opinions of GMOs. Both places had a large amount of respondents who were supportive of the use of GMOs in different applications.<br />
<br />
<center>'''RMIT Australia:'''</center> <br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:australia_survey_2.JPG|400px]]</center> <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>'''U.S.:'''</center><br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:General_acceptance_of_GMOs.JPG|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
One of the major differences between the United States responses and RMIT Australia was the proximity in which the person would like to live near an area where GMOs are used. As depicted below, those students at RMIT have a greater dislike of GMOs being used in a farm, field or stream than those students in the U.S. Both sets of students have similar acceptance of GMOs used in a factory or laboratory, but would not necessarily want to live close to them. The difference in opinions between the two geographical groups of respondents on the acceptance of GMOs used in a farm, field or stream is striking; this difference was not expected. It would be an interesting study to collect more data and point out the factors that cause the students from the United States to have such differing views from those of Australia pertaining to GMO proximity.<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>'''RMIT Australia:'''</center><br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:australia_survey_8.JPG|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>'''U.S.:'''</center><br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:survey_question_15.JPG|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
<center>'''RMIT Australia:'''</center><br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:australia_survey_7.JPG|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>'''U.S.:'''</center><br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:survey_question_14.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
===Other Results===<br />
<br />
Shown below are the rest of RMIT Australia's results.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_1.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_3.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_4.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_5.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_6.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_9.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_10.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_11.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_12.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_13.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_14.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_15.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_16.JPG|400px]]</div>Ler172http://2010.igem.org/Team:Penn_State/Human_PracticesTeam:Penn State/Human Practices2010-10-27T17:53:07Z<p>Ler172: /* Comparison */</p>
<hr />
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<style>#globalWrapper {<br />
background-image: url(http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:pkNNff6vnoqKGM:b) !important;<br />
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{| style="color:#1b2c8a;background-color:#FFFFFF;" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="1" border="0" bordercolor="#fff" width="90%" align="center"<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State|Home]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Team|Team]]<br />
!align="center"|[https://igem.org/Team.cgi?year=2010&team_name=Penn_State Official Team Profile]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Project|Project]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Parts|Parts Submitted to the Registry]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Notebook|Notebook]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Human Practices|Human Practices]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Safety|Safety]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Sponsors|Sponsors]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Penn State iGEM 2010==<br />
<br />
This year, Penn State iGEM created a survey about Genetically Modified Organisms(GMOs) in Agriculture. The survey included questions about where and when GMOs should be used, GMOs containing a "cell-death" mechanism, and other questions dealing with the use of GMOs. For this survey, we decided we wanted to get a random sample of college-aged students from around the world. All of the other iGEM teams were contacted and asked to participate in sending our survey to a group of random students from their respective schools. In order to distribute the survey to their schools, the iGEM teams were asked to undergo training required by their school or country necessary to distribute surveys. Of all of the teams, the University of British Columbia, Georgia Tech, Harvard, RMIT Australia, USTC and USTC Software, Uppsala University, The Citadel, and UCSF showed interest in helping us distribute our survey. Unfortunately, mosts schools received few responses, with the University of British Columbia having one, Georgia Tech having none, Harvard four, USTC and USTC Software seven, Uppsala University none, The Citadel one, and UCSF nine. In addition, four were listed as other, which we believe were from UCSF. We believe that they misunderstood our intentions of the survey and instead of distributing the survey to other members of their university, they took it themselves. RMIT Australia did receive permission from their ethics committee to distribute the survey to random students at their school and collected 191 responses for us. Unfortunately, we were not able to gather their responses in time to include in our survey analysis, so we listed their results separately. We really appreciative their cooperation and willingness to help and collaborate with us! They did an amazing job! <br />
<br />
<br />
In order for our team to create and distribute the survey, training by the Institutional Review Board was necessary. Documentation of the students who worked on the survey can be found on our [[Team:Penn State/Safety|safety page]].<br />
<br />
==Survey Results==<br />
Overall, we were able to gather a broad array of information that can be portrayed to show the general beliefs of college aged students on the principles of GMOs, research involving genetic engineering, and the use of a "cell-death" mechanism to be implemented in bacteria.<br />
<br />
===Significant Results===<br />
After some statistical analysis, our results showed that the trust people have in their nation's policy of regulations of GMOs and in scientists is significant with nearly all applications of GMOs. In other words, those who don't trust the policies of regulation set by their government and those who don't trust scientists are more likely to not be very supportive of the applications of GMOs. Also, awareness of GMOs, home location, and the person's major study area had some significance with a few variables, but these were not as prominent as that of the people's trust in their nation's policies of regulation of GMOs and scientists. <br />
<br />
<br />
One of these was that science and engineering students tended to have a greater acceptance of the applications of GMOs than did those of other majors.<br />
<br />
<br />
Shown below are a few tables and chi-squares of cross-tabulations of some of the more prominent factors, which showed significance.<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:crosstab_7.jpg|crosstab_7.jpg]]</center><br />
<br />
===Question Specific Results===<br />
<br />
Listed below are all of the results for each question of our survey.<br />
<br />
[[Image:survey_question_1.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_2.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_11.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_3.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_4.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_5.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_6.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_7.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_8.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_9.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_10.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_12.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_13.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_14.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_15.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_16.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_17.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_18.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_19.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_20.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_21.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_22.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_23.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_24.jpg|400px]]<br />
<br />
==RMIT Australia's Results==<br />
<br />
===Comparison===<br />
As compared to the results of the respondents from the United States, who comprised most of the survey's population, RMIT Australia had similar opinions of GMOs. Both places had a large amount of respondents who were supportive of the use of GMOs in different applications.<br />
<br />
<center>'''RMIT Australia:'''</center> <br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:australia_survey_2.JPG|400px]]</center> <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>'''U.S.:'''</center><br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:General_acceptance_of_GMOs.JPG|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
One of the major differences between the United States responses and RMIT Australia was the proximity in which the person would like to live near an area where GMOs are used. As can be seen depicted below, those students at RMIT have a greater dislike of GMOs being used in a farm, field or stream than those students in the U.S. However, both sets of students have similar acceptance of GMOs used in a factory or laboratory, but would not necessarily want to live close to them. The difference in opinions between the two geographical groups of respondents on the acceptance of GMOs used in a farm, field or stream is striking; this difference was very unexpected.<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>'''RMIT Australia:'''</center><br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:australia_survey_8.JPG|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>'''U.S.:'''</center><br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:survey_question_15.JPG|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
<center>'''RMIT Australia:'''</center><br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:australia_survey_7.JPG|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>'''U.S.:'''</center><br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:survey_question_14.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
===Other Results===<br />
<br />
Shown below are the rest of RMIT Australia's results.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_1.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_3.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_4.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_5.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_6.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_9.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_10.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_11.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_12.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_13.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_14.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_15.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_16.JPG|400px]]</div>Ler172http://2010.igem.org/Team:Penn_State/Human_PracticesTeam:Penn State/Human Practices2010-10-27T17:49:33Z<p>Ler172: /* Comparison */</p>
<hr />
<div><html><br />
<style>#globalWrapper {<br />
background-image: url(http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:pkNNff6vnoqKGM:b) !important;<br />
background-repeat: repeat;}<br />
<br />
</style><br />
</html><br />
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{| style="color:#1b2c8a;background-color:#FFFFFF;" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="1" border="0" bordercolor="#fff" width="90%" align="center"<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State|Home]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Team|Team]]<br />
!align="center"|[https://igem.org/Team.cgi?year=2010&team_name=Penn_State Official Team Profile]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Project|Project]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Parts|Parts Submitted to the Registry]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Notebook|Notebook]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Human Practices|Human Practices]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Safety|Safety]]<br />
!align="center"|[[Team:Penn_State/Sponsors|Sponsors]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Penn State iGEM 2010==<br />
<br />
This year, Penn State iGEM created a survey about Genetically Modified Organisms(GMOs) in Agriculture. The survey included questions about where and when GMOs should be used, GMOs containing a "cell-death" mechanism, and other questions dealing with the use of GMOs. For this survey, we decided we wanted to get a random sample of college-aged students from around the world. All of the other iGEM teams were contacted and asked to participate in sending our survey to a group of random students from their respective schools. In order to distribute the survey to their schools, the iGEM teams were asked to undergo training required by their school or country necessary to distribute surveys. Of all of the teams, the University of British Columbia, Georgia Tech, Harvard, RMIT Australia, USTC and USTC Software, Uppsala University, The Citadel, and UCSF showed interest in helping us distribute our survey. Unfortunately, mosts schools received few responses, with the University of British Columbia having one, Georgia Tech having none, Harvard four, USTC and USTC Software seven, Uppsala University none, The Citadel one, and UCSF nine. In addition, four were listed as other, which we believe were from UCSF. We believe that they misunderstood our intentions of the survey and instead of distributing the survey to other members of their university, they took it themselves. RMIT Australia did receive permission from their ethics committee to distribute the survey to random students at their school and collected 191 responses for us. Unfortunately, we were not able to gather their responses in time to include in our survey analysis, so we listed their results separately. We really appreciative their cooperation and willingness to help and collaborate with us! They did an amazing job! <br />
<br />
<br />
In order for our team to create and distribute the survey, training by the Institutional Review Board was necessary. Documentation of the students who worked on the survey can be found on our [[Team:Penn State/Safety|safety page]].<br />
<br />
==Survey Results==<br />
Overall, we were able to gather a broad array of information that can be portrayed to show the general beliefs of college aged students on the principles of GMOs, research involving genetic engineering, and the use of a "cell-death" mechanism to be implemented in bacteria.<br />
<br />
===Significant Results===<br />
After some statistical analysis, our results showed that the trust people have in their nation's policy of regulations of GMOs and in scientists is significant with nearly all applications of GMOs. In other words, those who don't trust the policies of regulation set by their government and those who don't trust scientists are more likely to not be very supportive of the applications of GMOs. Also, awareness of GMOs, home location, and the person's major study area had some significance with a few variables, but these were not as prominent as that of the people's trust in their nation's policies of regulation of GMOs and scientists. <br />
<br />
<br />
One of these was that science and engineering students tended to have a greater acceptance of the applications of GMOs than did those of other majors.<br />
<br />
<br />
Shown below are a few tables and chi-squares of cross-tabulations of some of the more prominent factors, which showed significance.<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:crosstab_7.jpg|crosstab_7.jpg]]</center><br />
<br />
===Question Specific Results===<br />
<br />
Listed below are all of the results for each question of our survey.<br />
<br />
[[Image:survey_question_1.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_2.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_11.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_3.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_4.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_5.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_6.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_7.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_8.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_9.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_10.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_12.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_13.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_14.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_15.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_16.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_17.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_18.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_19.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_20.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_21.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_22.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_23.jpg|400px]]<br />
[[Image:survey_question_24.jpg|400px]]<br />
<br />
==RMIT Australia's Results==<br />
<br />
===Comparison===<br />
As compared to the results of the respondents from the United States, who comprised most of the survey's population, RMIT Australia had similar opinions of GMOs. Both places had a large amount of respondents who were supportive of the use of GMOs in different applications.<br />
<br />
<center>'''RMIT Australia:'''</center> <br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:australia_survey_2.JPG|400px]]</center> <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>'''U.S.:'''</center><br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:General_acceptance_of_GMOs.JPG|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
One of the major differences between the United States responses and RMIT Australia was the proximity in which the person would like to live near an area where GMOs are used. As can be seen depicted below, those students at RMIT have a greater dislike of GMOs being used in a farm, field or stream than those students in the U.S. However, both sets of students have similar acceptance of GMOs used in a factory or laboratory, but would not necessarily want to live close to them.<br />
<br />
<center>'''RMIT Australia:'''</center><br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:australia_survey_8.JPG|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>'''U.S.:'''</center><br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:survey_question_15.JPG|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
<center>'''RMIT Australia:'''</center><br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:australia_survey_7.JPG|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<center>'''U.S.:'''</center><br />
<br />
<center>[[Image:survey_question_14.jpg|400px]]</center><br />
<br />
===Other Results===<br />
<br />
Shown below are the rest of RMIT Australia's results.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_1.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_3.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_4.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_5.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_6.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_9.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_10.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_11.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_12.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_13.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_14.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_15.JPG|400px]]<br />
[[Image:Australia_survey_16.JPG|400px]]</div>Ler172