http://2010.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Special:Contributions&feed=atom&limit=50&target=Vyctoryo2010.igem.org - User contributions [en]2024-03-28T18:24:31ZFrom 2010.igem.orgMediaWiki 1.16.5http://2010.igem.org/Team:BIOTEC_Dresden/ACPTeam:BIOTEC Dresden/ACP2010-10-28T03:00:17Z<p>Vyctoryo: </p>
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<h2>ACP</h2><br />
</p> <B>ABREVIATIONS: </B> ACP – acyl carrier protein, SAM – S-adenosyl-methionine, CoA – coenzyme A </p><br />
<br />
<h2>Aim</h2><br />
<br />
<p> For enabling the outside-of-cell activity of the recombinant LuxI enzyme which will serve as the signal transducing element in our system we needed to provide the substrates for it: S-adenosyl-methionine (SAM); which also serves as a universal donor in methylation reactions and is easy to get from the store and acylated-acyl carrier protein (in our case hexanoyl-ACP); which is not readily available commercially but is possible to synthesize by more available strategies. The synthesis and detection of this compound is discussed further. </p><br />
<br />
<br />
<h2> Synthesis </h2><br />
<br />
<p> There are two major quorum signaling molecules produced by the <i>V. fischeri</i> LuxI enzyme in almost equimolar concentrations: N-(3-oxohexanoyl) homoserine lactone and hexanoyl homoserine lactone (1). The two compounds differ only by a keto group at the third carbon of the acyl chain, but hexanoyl homoserine lactone was used since it was advantageous to try synthesizing it using commercially available products.</p><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<p> Normally the <i> in vivo </i> synthesis of the acyl-ACP substrate for the production of signaling molecules in bacterial quorum sensing is carried out by enzymes like acyl-ACP synthetases which can transfer fatty acid groups onto the functional ACPs (already containing the phosphopantetheine prosthetic group). The two-step purification of the <i> V. fischeri </i> LuxI enzyme and <i> in vitro </i> ACP acylation reactions have been achieved before (2). </p><br />
<a href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2010/9/97/ACP1.jpg" rel="lightbox"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2010/9/97/ACP1.jpg" class="border thumb right"></a></p><br />
<p> We, however, decided to try an entirely different synthesis approach by using a different enzyme, namely ACP synthase (4-phosphopantetheinyl-transferase) which is involved in a more general reaction that spans all the domains of life and represents the addition of a prosthetic group to an ACP protein either from the fatty acid or polyketide synthesis <br />
pathways in order to make it functional. The prosthetic group in this case is a phosphopantetheine which is taken directly from CoA and added to the apo-protein variant of ACP generating adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate and holo-ACP (reaction depicted on the right side). <br />
<br />
<div class="visualClear"></div><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<p> If we substitute in the reaction above CoA with derivatives containing the acyl group already attached to the phosphopantetheine moiety, then we would be able to produce hexanoyl-ACP (figure on the right) ready to be used directly for the <i> in vitro </i> reaction with LuxI. </p><br />
<a href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2010/6/66/ACP2.jpg" rel="lightbox"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2010/6/66/ACP2.jpg" class="border thumb right"></a></p><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<p> In fact, the described reaction is a well-established commercial technique used for labeling cell surface proteins fused to ACP with acyl groups of various lengths. (3) </p><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<p> We tried to produce the reaction using 3 main players: </p><br />
<ol><br />
<li> Hexanoyl CoA trilithium salt hydrate </li><br />
<li>Acyl carrier protein HPLC from <i> E.coli </i> – as an alternative for this compound, purified ACP from an <i> E.coli </i> ACPS mutant strain (overexpressing apo-ACP) can be used (8) </li><br />
<li>ACP synthase from <i> E.coli </i> </li><br />
</ol><br />
<div class="visualClear"></div><br />
<br />
<a href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2010/7/72/Butyryl-CoA.jpg" rel="lightbox"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2010/7/72/Butyryl-CoA.jpg" class="border thumb right"></a></p><br />
<p> There have been some reports on mild inhibitory activity for this type of reaction by both an excess of apo-ACP and adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate along with some divalent ions. At the same time Mg2+ or Mn2+ are required for catalytic activity (6) </p><br />
<br />
</p> The behavior of the ACP synthase depending on the CoA and apo-ACP substrates is illustrated in the figure below. </p><br />
<a href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2010/9/9f/CoA%2BApo.jpg" rel="lightbox"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2010/9/9f/CoA%2BApo.jpg" class="border thumb left"></a></p><br />
<br />
</p> As a successful example from literature to support our experimental design, the Km value for butyryl production (figure on the right) from the respective substrates by this strategy was about 8.1 µM which is close to the value of non-derivatized CoA substrate. The turnover number however was 5 times lower than for CoA (0.2 s-1 compared to 1.0 s-1) which could be overcome by longer incubation times. </p><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<h2> Detection </h2><br />
<a href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2010/2/2a/Gel222222.jpg" rel="lightbox"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2010/2/2a/Gel222222.jpg" class="border thumb right"></a></p><br />
<p> A first simple step to judge if the reaction is successful would be to run the reaction mixture on a gel. There is evidence that, in spite of a bigger mass, acylated ACP can travel faster than apo or holo ACP in an SDS-PAGE, due to active binding of the SDS detergent molecules to the hydrophobic acyl chain which increases the charge to mass ratio of the entire molecule, thus, facilitating faster migration (figure on the right, length of acyl chains is indicated below, "-" stands for holo ACP, 6:0 - for hexanoyl-ACP) (2,7). On the other hand it is possible to run the reaction mixture also on a native gel and compare the migration pattern of the proteins. The potein that would migrate faster than apoACP in SDS PAGE but slower than it in a native page (separation by mass) would be the acylated ACP. Supposing that just a fraction of the ACP interacts to produce the acylated derivative, bands for both hexanoyl-ACP and apo/ holoACP were also expected. Dimerization of holo-ACP would also generate a band) </p> <br />
<br />
<p> Although this approach isn’t quantitative, it would give a hint about the efficiency of the reaction. </p> <br />
<p> An intermediary step for the detection of the acyl-ACP synthesis is the incubation of the reaction mixture with cell extracts of strains constitutively expressing LuxI. Using as a control LuxI extract incubated with SAM, a receiver strain and no reaction mixture, normalization is possible and the relation of fluorescence to varying amounts of the provided reaction mix containing hexanoyl-ACP can be tracked. Quantification can be done to assess the maximally efficient conditions for acyl-ACP synthesis. </p> </p> <br />
<p> A next integrating approach is to test our system with that of the “Fusion protein”. If we test our AHL-sensitive reporter cells again with SAM, hexanoyl-ACP containing reaction mixture and the recombinant LuxI, then the activation of the reporter cells by this reaction mixture proves the fact that we have produced both functional acyl-ACP and preserved the AHL producing function of the fusion protein (<i>in-vitro</i> activity proved). <br />
<br />
<h2> Methods </h2><br />
<br />
<p> The reaction components and their molar ratios were adjusted based on previous studies (4,5) and are as follows: 50 mM Tris-HCl, ph 8.0 buffer, 10 mM MgCl2 (enzyme cofactor), 1 mM DTT, 300 µM CoA, 50 µM of apo-ACP and 5 µM of ACP synthase in a total of 100µl reaction volume. The mix is incubated at 37°C for 30 minutes. For terminating the reaction, 50 mM EDTA or 10% trichloroacetic acid is added. </p><br />
<br />
<h2> References </h2><br />
References are listed in the Resource/ Literature section<br />
</p><br />
</div><br />
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<br />
[[Category:BIOTEC_Dresden/Workflow|ACP]]<br />
{{Biotec_Dresden/Bottom}}</div>Vyctoryohttp://2010.igem.org/Team:BIOTEC_Dresden/ACPTeam:BIOTEC Dresden/ACP2010-10-28T02:24:34Z<p>Vyctoryo: </p>
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<h2>ACP</h2><br />
</p> <B>ABREVIATIONS: </B> ACP – acyl carrier protein, SAM – S-adenosyl-methionine, CoA – coenzyme A </p><br />
<br />
<h2>Aim</h2><br />
<br />
<p> For enabling the outside-of-cell activity of the recombinant LuxI enzyme which will serve as the signal transducing element in our system we needed to provide the substrates for it: S-adenosyl-methionine (SAM); which also serves as a universal donor in methylation reactions and is easy to get from the store and acylated-acyl carrier protein (in our case hexanoyl-ACP); which is not readily available commercially but is possible to synthesize by more available strategies. The synthesis and detection of this compound is discussed further. </p><br />
<br />
<br />
<h2> Synthesis </h2><br />
<br />
<p> There are two major quorum signaling molecules produced by the <i>V. fischeri</i> LuxI enzyme in almost equimolar concentrations: N-(3-oxohexanoyl) homoserine lactone and hexanoyl homoserine lactone (1). The two compounds differ only by a keto group at the third carbon of the acyl chain, but hexanoyl homoserine lactone was used since it was advantageous to try synthesizing it using commercially available products.</p><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<p> Normally the <i> in vivo </i> synthesis of the acyl-ACP substrate for the production of signaling molecules in bacterial quorum sensing is carried out by enzymes like acyl-ACP synthetases which can transfer fatty acid groups onto the functional ACPs (already containing the phosphopantetheine prosthetic group). The two-step purification of the <i> V. fischeri </i> LuxI enzyme and <i> in vitro </i> ACP acylation reactions have been achieved before (2). </p><br />
<a href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2010/9/97/ACP1.jpg" rel="lightbox"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2010/9/97/ACP1.jpg" class="border thumb right"></a></p><br />
<p> We, however, decided to try an entirely different synthesis approach by using a different enzyme, namely ACP synthase (4-phosphopantetheinyl-transferase) which is involved in a more general reaction that spans all the domains of life and represents the addition of a prosthetic group to an ACP protein either from the fatty acid or polyketide synthesis <br />
pathways in order to make it functional. The prosthetic group in this case is a phosphopantetheine which is taken directly from CoA and added to the apo-protein variant of ACP generating adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate and holo-ACP (reaction depicted on the right side). <br />
<br />
<div class="visualClear"></div><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<p> If we substitute in the reaction above CoA with derivatives containing the acyl group already attached to the phosphopantetheine moiety, then we would be able to produce hexanoyl-ACP (figure on the right) ready to be used directly for the <i> in vitro </i> reaction with LuxI. </p><br />
<a href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2010/6/66/ACP2.jpg" rel="lightbox"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2010/6/66/ACP2.jpg" class="border thumb right"></a></p><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<p> In fact, the described reaction is a well-established commercial technique used for labeling cell surface proteins fused to ACP with acyl groups of various lengths. (3) </p><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<p> We tried to produce the reaction using 3 main players: </p><br />
<ol><br />
<li> Hexanoyl CoA trilithium salt hydrate </li><br />
<li>Acyl carrier protein HPLC from <i> E.coli </i> – as an alternative for this compound, purified ACP from an <i> E.coli </i> ACPS mutant strain (overexpressing apo-ACP) can be used (8) </li><br />
<li>ACP synthase from <i> E.coli </i> </li><br />
</ol><br />
<div class="visualClear"></div><br />
<br />
<a href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2010/7/72/Butyryl-CoA.jpg" rel="lightbox"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2010/7/72/Butyryl-CoA.jpg" class="border thumb right"></a></p><br />
<p> There have been some reports on mild inhibitory activity for this type of reaction by both an excess of apo-ACP and adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate along with some divalent ions. At the same time Mg2+ or Mn2+ are required for catalytic activity (6) </p><br />
<br />
</p> The behavior of the ACP synthase depending on the CoA and apo-ACP substrates is illustrated in the figure below. </p><br />
<a href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2010/9/9f/CoA%2BApo.jpg" rel="lightbox"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2010/9/9f/CoA%2BApo.jpg" class="border thumb left"></a></p><br />
<br />
</p> As a successful example from literature to support our experimental design, the Km value for butyryl production (figure on the right) from the respective substrates by this strategy was about 8.1 µM which is close to the value of non-derivatized CoA substrate. The turnover number however was 5 times lower than for CoA (0.2 s-1 compared to 1.0 s-1) which could be overcome by longer incubation times. </p><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<h2> Detection </h2><br />
<a href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2010/2/2a/Gel222222.jpg" rel="lightbox"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2010/2/2a/Gel222222.jpg" class="border thumb right"></a></p><br />
<p> A first simple step to judge if the reaction is successful would be to run the reaction mixture on a gel. There is evidence that, in spite of a bigger mass, acylated ACP can travel faster than apo or holo ACP in an SDS-PAGE, due to active binding of the SDS detergent molecules to the hydrophobic acyl chain which increases the charge to mass ratio of the entire molecule, thus, facilitating faster migration (figure on the right, length of acyl chains is indicated below, "-" stands for holo ACP, 6:0 - for hexanoyl-ACP) (2,7). On the other hand it is possible to run the reaction mixture also on a native gel and compare the migration pattern of the proteins. The potein that would migrate faster than apoACP in SDS PAGE but slower than it in a native page (separation by mass) would be the acylated ACP. Supposing that just a fraction of the ACP interacts to produce the acylated derivative, bands for both hexanoyl-ACP and apo/ holoACP were also expected. Dimerization of holo-ACP would also generate a band) </p> <br />
<br />
<p> Although this approach isn’t quantitative, it would give a hint about the efficiency of the reaction. </p> <br />
<p> An intermediary step for the detection of the acyl-ACP synthesis is the incubation of the reaction mixture with cell extracts of strains constitutively expressing LuxI. Using as a control LuxI extract incubated with SAM, a receiver strain and no reaction mixture, normalization is possible and the relation of fluorescence to varying amounts of the provided reaction mix containing hexanoyl-ACP can be tracked. </p> <br />
<p> A next integrating approach is to test our system with that of the “Fusion protein”. If we test our AHL-sensitive reporter cells again with SAM, hexanoyl-ACP containing reaction mixture and the recombinant LuxI, then the activation of the reporter cells by this reaction mixture proves the fact that we have produced both functional acyl-ACP and preserved the AHL producing function of the fusion protein. More than this, quantification can be done to assess the maximally efficient conditions for acyl-ACP synthesis </p> <br />
<br />
<h2> Methods </h2><br />
<br />
<p> The reaction components and their molar ratios were adjusted based on previous studies (4,5) and are as follows: 50 mM Tris-HCl, ph 8.0 buffer, 10 mM MgCl2 (enzyme cofactor), 1 mM DTT, 300 µM CoA, 50 µM of apo-ACP and 5 µM of ACP synthase in a total of 100µl reaction volume. The mix is incubated at 37°C for 30 minutes. For terminating the reaction, 50 mM EDTA or 10% trichloroacetic acid is added. </p><br />
<br />
<h2> References </h2><br />
References are listed in the Resource/ Literature section<br />
</p><br />
</div><br />
</body><br />
</html><br />
<br />
[[Category:BIOTEC_Dresden/Workflow|ACP]]<br />
{{Biotec_Dresden/Bottom}}</div>Vyctoryohttp://2010.igem.org/Team:BIOTEC_Dresden/LiteratureTeam:BIOTEC Dresden/Literature2010-10-28T02:14:49Z<p>Vyctoryo: </p>
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<h2>Modelling</h2><br />
<p>1.THE GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN - Annual Review of Biochemistry, 67(1):509.</p><br />
<br />
<p>2.Tian T, Burrage K (2006) Stochastic models for regulatory networks of the genetic toggle switch. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 103: 8372 -8377.</p><br />
<br />
<p>3.Basu S, Mehreja R, Thiberge S, Chen M, Weiss R (2004) Spatiotemporal control of gene expression with pulse-generating networks. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 101: 6355 -6360.</p><br />
<br />
<p>4.Nilsson P, Olofsson A, Fagerlind M, Fagerström T, Rice S, u. a. (2001) Kinetics of the AHL Regulatory System in a Model Biofilm System: How Many Bacteria Constitute a "Quorum"? Journal of Molecular Biology 309: 631-640.</p><br />
<br />
<p>5.Schaefer AL, Val DL, Hanzelka BL, Cronan JE, Greenberg EP (1996) Generation of cell-to-cell signals in quorum sensing: acyl homoserine lactone synthase activity of a purified Vibrio fischeri LuxI protein. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A 93: 9505-9509.</p><br />
<br />
<p>6.Kaplan HB, Greenberg EP (1985) Diffusion of autoinducer is involved in regulation of the Vibrio fischeri luminescence system. J Bacteriol 163: 1210-1214.</p><br />
<br />
<p>7.Hanzelka BL, Parsek MR, Val DL, Dunlap PV, Cronan JE, u. a. (1999) Acylhomoserine lactone synthase activity of the Vibrio fischeri AinS protein. J. Bacteriol 181: 5766-5770.</p><br />
<br />
<p>8.Elowitz MB, Leibler S (2000) A synthetic oscillatory network of transcriptional regulators. Nature 403: 335-338.</p><br />
<br />
<p>9.Goryachev A, Toh D, Lee T Systems analysis of a quorum sensing network: Design constraints imposed by the functional requirements, network topology and kinetic constants. Biosystems 83: 178-187.</p><br />
<br />
<p>10.Müller J, Kuttler C, Hense BA, Rothballer M, Hartmann A (2006) Cell-cell communication by quorum sensing and dimension-reduction. J Math Biol 53: 672-702.</p><br />
<br />
<br />
<h2>Fusion Protein </h2><br />
<p>1. http://www-nmr.cabm.rutgers.edu/photogallery/proteins/htm/page16.htm</a></p><br />
<p>2. Nilsson B, Moks T, Jansson B, Abrahmsén L, Elmblad A, u. a. (1987) A synthetic IgG-binding domain based on staphylococcal protein A. Protein Eng 1: 107-113.</a></p><br />
<p>3. Van Houdt R, Moons P, Aertsen A, Jansen A, Vanoirbeek K, u. a. (2007) Characterization of a luxI/luxR-type quorum sensing system and N-acyl-homoserine lactone-dependent regulation of exo-enzyme and antibacterial component production in Serratia plymuthica RVH1. Research in Microbiology 158: 150-158.</a></p><br />
<br />
<h2>ACP Synthesis </h2><br />
<br />
<p> 1. Schaefer A.L., Val D.L., Hanzelka B.L., Cronan J.E., Grenberg E.P. (1996) Generation of cell-to-cell signals in quorum sensing: Acyl homoserine lactone synthase activity of a purified Vibrio fischeri LuxI protein, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA, vol.93, pp. 9505-9509 </p> <br />
<br />
<p> 2. Zhiwei Shen, Debra Fice, David M. Byers (1992) Preparation of Fatty-Acylated Derivatives of Acyl Carrier Protein Using Vibrio harveyi Acyl-ACP Synthetase, Analytical biochemistry 204, 34-39 </p> <br />
<br />
<p> 3. http://www.neb.com/nebecomm/products/productP9301.asp </p> <br />
<br />
<p> 4. McAllister KA, Peery RB, Zhao G. (2006) Acyl carrier protein synthases from gram-negative, gram-positive, and atypical bacterial species: Biochemical and structural properties and physiological implications, J Bacteriol., vol 188(13):4737-48 </p> <br />
<br />
<p> 5. R. H. Lambalot, C. T. Walsh , Cloning (1995) Overproduction, and Characterization of the Escherichia coli Holo-acyl Carrier Protein Synthase, The Journal of Biological Chemistry Vol. 270, No. 42, pp. 24658–24661 </p> <br />
<br />
<p> 6. Information for Entry EC 2.7.8.7 - holo-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase in BRENDA database (A Comprehensive Enzyme Information System). </p> <br />
<br />
<p> 7. J.G. Jaworski, P.K. Stumpf. (1974) Fat metabolism in higher plants: Enzymatic preparation of E. coli stearyl-acyl carrier protein, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 162, pp. 166–173 </p> <br />
<br />
<p> 8. Flugel RS, Hwangbo Y, Lambalot RH, Cronan JE Jr, Walsh CT. (2000), Holo-(acyl carrier protein) synthase and phosphopantetheinyl transfer in Escherichia coli, J Biol Chem. Jan 14;275(2):959-68.</p><br />
</p><br />
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[[Category:BIOTEC_Dresden/Resource|Literature]]<br />
{{Biotec_Dresden/Bottom}}</div>Vyctoryohttp://2010.igem.org/Team:BIOTEC_Dresden/ACPTeam:BIOTEC Dresden/ACP2010-10-28T01:39:31Z<p>Vyctoryo: </p>
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<h2>ACP</h2><br />
</p> <B>ABREVIATIONS: </B> ACP – acyl carrier protein, SAM – S-adenosyl-methionine, CoA – coenzyme A </p><br />
<br />
<h2>Aim</h2><br />
<br />
<p> For enabling the outside-of-cell activity of the recombinant LuxI enzyme which will serve as the signal transducing element in our system we needed to provide the substrates for it: S-adenosyl-methionine (SAM); which also serves as a universal donor in methylation reactions and is easy to get from the store and acylated-acyl carrier protein (in our case hexanoyl-ACP); which is not readily available commercially but is possible to synthesize by more available strategies. The synthesis and detection of this compound is discussed further. </p><br />
<br />
<br />
<h2> Synthesis </h2><br />
<br />
<p> There are two major quorum signaling molecules produced by the <i>V. fischeri</i> LuxI enzyme in almost equimolar concentrations: N-(3-oxohexanoyl) homoserine lactone and hexanoyl homoserine lactone (1). The two compounds differ only by a keto group at the third carbon of the acyl chain, but hexanoyl homoserine lactone was used since it was advantageous to try synthesizing it using commercially available products.</p><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<p> Normally the <i> in vivo </i> synthesis of the acyl-ACP substrate for the production of signaling molecules in bacterial quorum sensing is carried out by enzymes like acyl-ACP synthetases which can transfer fatty acid groups onto the functional ACPs (already containing the phosphopantetheine prosthetic group). The two-step purification of the <i> V. fischeri </i> LuxI enzyme and <i> in vitro </i> ACP acylation reactions have been achieved before (2). </p><br />
<a href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2010/9/97/ACP1.jpg" rel="lightbox"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2010/9/97/ACP1.jpg" class="border thumb right"></a></p><br />
<p> We, however, decided to try an entirely different synthesis approach by using a different enzyme, namely ACP synthase (4-phosphopantetheinyl-transferase) which is involved in a more general reaction that spans all the domains of life and represents the addition of a prosthetic group to an ACP protein either from the fatty acid or polyketide synthesis <br />
pathways in order to make it functional. The prosthetic group in this case is a phosphopantetheine which is taken directly from CoA and added to the apo-protein variant of ACP generating adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate and holo-ACP (reaction depicted on the right side). <br />
<br />
<div class="visualClear"></div><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<p> If we substitute in the reaction above CoA with derivatives containing the acyl group already attached to the phosphopantetheine moiety, then we would be able to produce hexanoyl-ACP (figure on the right) ready to be used directly for the <i> in vitro </i> reaction with LuxI. </p><br />
<a href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2010/6/66/ACP2.jpg" rel="lightbox"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2010/6/66/ACP2.jpg" class="border thumb right"></a></p><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<p> In fact, the described reaction is a well-established commercial technique used for labeling cell surface proteins fused to ACP with acyl groups of various lengths. (3) </p><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<p> We tried to produce the reaction using 3 main players: </p><br />
<ol><br />
<li> Hexanoyl CoA trilithium salt hydrate </li><br />
<li>Acyl carrier protein HPLC from <i> E.coli </i> – as an alternative for this compound, purified ACP from an <i> E.coli </i> ACPS mutant strain (overexpressing apo-ACP) can be used (8) </li><br />
<li>ACP synthase from <i> E.coli </i> </li><br />
</ol><br />
<div class="visualClear"></div><br />
<br />
<a href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2010/7/72/Butyryl-CoA.jpg" rel="lightbox"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2010/7/72/Butyryl-CoA.jpg" class="border thumb right"></a></p><br />
<p> There have been some reports on mild inhibitory activity for this type of reaction by both an excess of apo-ACP and adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate along with some divalent ions. At the same time Mg2+ or Mn2+ are required for catalytic activity (6) </p><br />
<br />
</p> The behavior of the ACP synthase depending on the CoA and apo-ACP substrates is illustrated in the figure below. </p><br />
<a href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2010/9/9f/CoA%2BApo.jpg" rel="lightbox"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2010/9/9f/CoA%2BApo.jpg" class="border thumb left"></a></p><br />
<br />
</p> As a successful example from literature to support our experimental design, the Km value for butyryl production (figure on the right) from the respective substrates by this strategy was about 8.1 µM which is close to the value of non-derivatized CoA substrate. The turnover number however was 5 times lower than for CoA (0.2 s-1 compared to 1.0 s-1) which could be overcome by longer incubation times. </p><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<h2> Detection </h2><br />
<a href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2010/2/2a/Gel222222.jpg" rel="lightbox"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2010/2/2a/Gel222222.jpg" class="border thumb right"></a></p><br />
<p> A first simple step to judge if the reaction is successful would be to run the reaction mixture on a gel. There is evidence that, in spite of a bigger mass, acylated ACP can travel faster than apo or holo ACP in an SDS-PAGE, due to active binding of the SDS detergent molecules to the hydrophobic acyl chain which increases the charge to mass ratio of the entire molecule, thus, facilitating faster migration (figure on the right) (2,7). On the other hand it is possible to run the reaction mixture also on a native gel and compare the migration pattern of the proteins. The potein that would migrate faster than apoACP in SDS PAGE but slower than it in a native page (separation by mass) would be the acylated ACP. Supposing that just a fraction of the ACP interacts to produce the acylated derivative, bands for both hexanoyl-ACP and apo/ holoACP were also expected. Dimerization of holo-ACP would also generate a band) </p> <br />
<br />
<p> Although this approach isn’t quantitative, it would give a hint about the efficiency of the reaction. </p> <br />
<p> An intermediary step for the detection of the acyl-ACP synthesis is the incubation of the reaction mixture with cell extracts of strains constitutively expressing LuxI. Using as a control LuxI extract incubated with SAM, a receiver strain and no reaction mixture, normalization is possible and the relation of fluorescence to varying amounts of the provided reaction mix containing hexanoyl-ACP can be tracked. </p> <br />
<p> A next integrating approach is to test our system with that of the “Fusion protein”. If we test our AHL-sensitive reporter cells again with SAM, hexanoyl-ACP containing reaction mixture and the recombinant LuxI, then the activation of the reporter cells by this reaction mixture proves the fact that we have produced both functional acyl-ACP and preserved the AHL producing function of the fusion protein. More than this, quantification can be done to assess the maximally efficient conditions for acyl-ACP synthesis </p> <br />
<br />
<h2> Methods </h2><br />
<br />
<p> The reaction components and their molar ratios were adjusted based on previous studies (4,5) and are as follows: 50 mM Tris-HCl, ph 8.0 buffer, 10 mM MgCl2 (enzyme cofactor), 1 mM DTT, 300 µM CoA, 50 µM of apo-ACP and 5 µM of ACP synthase in a total of 100µl reaction volume. The mix is incubated at 37°C for 30 minutes. For terminating the reaction, 50 mM EDTA or 10% trichloroacetic acid is added. </p><br />
<br />
<h2> References </h2><br />
References are listed in the Resource/ Literature section<br />
</p><br />
</div><br />
</body><br />
</html><br />
<br />
[[Category:BIOTEC_Dresden/Workflow|ACP]]<br />
{{Biotec_Dresden/Bottom}}</div>Vyctoryohttp://2010.igem.org/Team:BIOTEC_Dresden/ACPTeam:BIOTEC Dresden/ACP2010-10-28T00:35:49Z<p>Vyctoryo: </p>
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<h2>ACP</h2><br />
</p> <B>ABREVIATIONS: </B> ACP – acyl carrier protein, SAM – S-adenosyl-methionine, CoA – coenzyme A </p><br />
<br />
<h2>Aim</h2><br />
<br />
<p> For enabling the outside-of-cell activity of the recombinant LuxI enzyme which will serve as the signal transducing element in our system we needed to provide the substrates for it: S-adenosyl-methionine (SAM); which also serves as a universal donor in methylation reactions and is easy to get from the store and acylated-acyl carrier protein (in our case hexanoyl-ACP); which is not readily available commercially but is possible to synthesize by more available strategies. The synthesis and detection of this compound is discussed further. </p><br />
<br />
<br />
<h2> Synthesis </h2><br />
<br />
<p> There are two major quorum signaling molecules produced by the <i>V. fischeri</i> LuxI enzyme in almost equimolar concentrations: N-(3-oxohexanoyl) homoserine lactone and hexanoyl homoserine lactone (1). The two compounds differ only by a keto group at the third carbon of the acyl chain, but hexanoyl homoserine lactone was used since it was advantageous to try synthesizing it using commercially available products.</p><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<p> Normally the <i> in vivo </i> synthesis of the acyl-ACP substrate for the production of signaling molecules in bacterial quorum sensing is carried out by enzymes like acyl-ACP synthetases which can transfer fatty acid groups onto the functional ACPs (already containing the phosphopantetheine prosthetic group). The two-step purification of the <i> V. fischeri </i> LuxI enzyme and <i> in vitro </i> ACP acylation reactions have been achieved before (2). </p><br />
<a href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2010/9/97/ACP1.jpg" rel="lightbox"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2010/9/97/ACP1.jpg" class="border thumb right"></a></p><br />
<p> We, however, decided to try an entirely different synthesis approach by using a different enzyme, namely ACP synthase (4-phosphopantetheinyl-transferase) which is involved in a more general reaction that spans all the domains of life and represents the addition of a prosthetic group to an ACP protein either from the fatty acid or polyketide synthesis <br />
pathways in order to make it functional. The prosthetic group in this case is a phosphopantetheine which is taken directly from CoA and added to the apo-protein variant of ACP generating adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate and holo-ACP (reaction depicted on the right side). <br />
<br />
<div class="visualClear"></div><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<p> If we substitute in the reaction above CoA with derivatives containing the acyl group already attached to the phosphopantetheine moiety, then we would be able to produce hexanoyl-ACP (figure on the right) ready to be used directly for the <i> in vitro </i> the reaction with LuxI. </p><br />
<a href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2010/6/66/ACP2.jpg" rel="lightbox"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2010/6/66/ACP2.jpg" class="border thumb right"></a></p><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<p> In fact, the described reaction is a well-established commercial technique used for labeling cell surface proteins fused to ACP with acyl groups of various lengths. (3) </p><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<p> We tried to produce the reaction using 3 main players: </p><br />
<ol><br />
<li> Hexanoyl CoA trilithium salt hydrate </li><br />
<li>Acyl carrier protein HPLC from <i> E.coli </i> – as an alternative for this compound, purified ACP from an <i> E.coli </i> ACPS mutant strain (overexpressing apo-ACP) can be used (8) </li><br />
<li>ACP synthase from <i> E.coli </i> </li><br />
</ol><br />
<div class="visualClear"></div><br />
<br />
<br />
<p> There have been some reports on mild inhibitory activity for this type of reaction by both an excess of apo-ACP and adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate along with some divalent ions. At the same time Mg2+ or Mn2+ are required for catalytic activity (6) </p><br />
</p> The behavior of the enzyme depending on the substrate is illustrated in figure 3. </p><br />
</p> As a successful example from literature to support our experimental design, the Km value for butyryl production (fig. 4) from the respective substrates by this strategy was about 8.1 µM which is close to the value of non-derivatized CoA substrate. The turnover number however was 5 times lower than for CoA (0.2 s-1 compared to 1.0 s-1) which could be overcome by longer incubation times. </p><br />
<br />
<h2> Detection </h2><br />
<br />
<p> A first simple step to judge if the reaction is successful would be to run the reaction mixture on a gel. There is evidence that, in spite of a bigger mass, acylated ACP can travel faster than apo or holoACP in an SDS-PAGE, due to active binding of the SDS detergent molecules to the hydrophobic acyl chain which increases the charge to mass ratio of the entire molecule, thus, facilitating faster migration (fig. 5) (2,7). On the other hand it is possible to run the reaction mixture also on a native gel and compare the migration pattern of the proteins. The potein that would migrate faster than apoACP in SDS PAGE but slower than it in a native page (separation by mass) would be the acylated ACP (fig. 6). Supposing that just a fraction of the ACP interacts to produce the acylated derivative, bands for both hexanoyl-ACP and apo/ holoACP were also expected. Dimerization of holo-ACP would also generate and additional band) </p> <br />
<br />
<p> Although this approach isn’t quantitative, it would give a hint about the efficiency of the reaction. </p> <br />
<p> An intermediary step for the detection of the acyl-ACP synthesis IS the incubation of the reaction mixture with cell extracts of strains constitutively expressing LuxI. Using as a control LuxI extract incubated with a receiver strain and no reaction mixture, normalization is possible and the relation of fluorescence to the amount of reaction mix provided can be tracked. </p> <br />
<p> A next integrating approach is to test our system with that of the “Fusion protein” (yellow team). If we test our AHL-sensitive reporter cells with SAM, hexanoyl-ACP containing reaction mixture and the recombinant LuxI, then the activation of the reporter cells by this reaction mixture proves the fact that we have produced both functional acyl-ACP and preserved the AHL producing function of the fusion protein. More than this, quantification can be done to assess the maximally efficient conditions for acyl-ACP synthesis </p> <br />
<br />
<h2> Methods </h2><br />
<br />
<p> The reaction components and their molar ratios were adjusted based on previous studies (4,5) and are as follows: 50 mM Tris-HCl, ph 8.0 buffer, 10 mM MgCl2 (enzyme cofactor), 1 mM DTT, 300 µM CoA, 50 µM of apo-ACP and 5 µM of ACP synthase in a total of 100µl reaction volume. The mix is incubated at 37°C for 30 minutes. For terminating the reaction, 50 mM EDTA or 10% trichloroacetic acid is added. </p><br />
<br />
<br />
</p><br />
</div><br />
</body><br />
</html><br />
<br />
[[Category:BIOTEC_Dresden/Workflow|ACP]]<br />
{{Biotec_Dresden/Bottom}}</div>Vyctoryohttp://2010.igem.org/Team:BIOTEC_Dresden/ACPTeam:BIOTEC Dresden/ACP2010-10-27T20:52:43Z<p>Vyctoryo: </p>
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<h2>ACP</h2><br />
</p> <B>ABREVIATIONS: </B> ACP – acyl carrier protein, SAM – S-adenosyl-methionine, CoA – coenzyme A </p><br />
<br />
<h2>Aim</h2><br />
<br />
<p> For enabling the outside-of-cell activity of the recombinant LuxI enzyme which will serve as the signal transducing element in our system we needed to provide the substrates for it: S-adenosyl-methionine (SAM); which also serves as a universal donor in methylation reactions and is easy to get from the store and acylated-acyl carrier protein (in our case hexanoyl-ACP); which is not readily available commercially but is possible to synthesize by more available strategies. The synthesis and detection of this compound is discussed further. </p><br />
<br />
<br />
<h2> Synthesis </h2><br />
<br />
<p> There are two major quorum signaling molecules produced by the <i>V. fischeri</i> LuxI enzyme in almost equimolar concentrations: N-(3-oxohexanoyl) homoserine lactone and hexanoyl homoserine lactone (1). The two compounds differ only by a keto group at the third carbon of the acyl chain, but hexanoyl homoserine lactone was one used since it was advantageous to synthesize it using commercially available products.</p><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<p> Normally the in-vivo synthesis of the acyl-ACP substrate for the production of signaling molecules in bacterial quorum sensing is carried out by enzymes like acyl-ACP synthetases which can transfer fatty acid groups onto the functional ACPs (already containing the phosphopantetheine prosthetic group). </p><br />
<br />
<p> We, however, tried an entirely different synthesis approach by using a different enzyme, namely ACP synthase (4-phosphopantetheinyl-transferase) which is involved in a more general reaction that spans all the domains of life and represents the addition of a prosthetic group to an ACP protein either from the fatty acid or polyketide synthesis pathways in order to make it functional. The prosthetic group in this case is a phosphopantetheine which is taken directly from CoA and added to the apo-protein variant of ACP generating adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate and holo-ACP (reaction depicted below). </p><br />
<br />
<!--<a href="/wiki/images/e/e3/Natural_reaction_by_ACPS.png" rel="lightbox"><img src="/wiki/images/e/e3/Natural_reaction_by_ACPS.png" class="border left"></a>--><br />
<br />
<a href="/wiki/images/c/cb/Ppt_slide_ACPS_modified.png" rel="lightbox"><img src="/wiki/images/c/cb/Ppt_slide_ACPS_modified.png" class="border left"></a><br />
<br />
<p> If we substitute in the reaction above CoA with derivatives containing the acyl group already attached to the phosphopantetheine moiety then we would be able to produce hexanoyl-ACP (figure below) ready to be used directly in the reaction with LuxI. </p><br />
<br />
<p> In fact, this is often used in practice for labeling cell surface proteins fused to ACP. (3) </p><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<p> We tried to produce the reaction using 3 main players: </p><br />
<ol><br />
<li> Hexanoyl CoA trilithium salt hydrate </li><br />
<li>Acyl carrier protein from E.coli </li><br />
<li>ACP synthase from E.coli</li><br />
</ol><br />
<br />
<p> The reaction components and their molar ratios were adjusted based on previous studies (4,5) and are as follows: 50 mM Tris-HCl, ph 8.0 buffer, 10 mM MgCl2 (enzyme cofactor), 1 mM DTT, 300 µM CoA, 50 µM of apo-ACP and 5 µM of ACP synthase in a total of 100µl reaction volume. The mix is incubated at 37°C for 30 minutes. For terminating the reaction, 50 mM EDTA or 10% trichloroacetic acid is added. </p><br />
<br />
<p> There has been some reports on mild inhibitory activity for this type of reaction by both an excess of apo-ACP and adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate along with some divalent ions. At the same time Mg2+ or Mn2+ are required for catalytic activity (6) </p><br />
</p> The behavior of the enzyme depending on the substrate is illustrated in figure 3. </p><br />
</p> As a successful example from literature, the Km value for butyryl production (fig. 4) from the respective substrates by this strategy was about 8.1 µM which is close to the value of non-derivatized CoA substrate. The turnover number however was 5 times lower than for CoA (0.2 s-1 compared to 1.0 s-1) which could be overcome by longer incubation times. </p><br />
<br />
<h2> Detection </h2><br />
<br />
<p> A first simple step to judge if the reaction is successful would be to run the reaction mixture on a gel. There is evidence that, in spite of a bigger mass, acylated ACP can travel faster than apo or holoACP in an SDS-PAGE, due to active binding of the SDS detergent molecules to the hydrophobic acyl chain which increases the charge to mass ratio, thus, facilitating faster migration (fig. 5) (2,7). On the other hand it is possible to run the reaction mixture also on a native gel and compare the migration pattern of the proteins. The potein that would migrate faster than apoACP in SDS PAGE but slower than it in a native page (separation by mass) would be the acylated ACP (fig. 6). </p> <br />
<p> Although this approach isn’t quantitative, it would give a hint about the efficiency of the reaction. </p> <br />
<br />
<p> A next detection approach is to integrate our system with that of the “Fusion protein” team which would allow for testing the fusion protein that they produced. If we test our AHL-sensitive reporter cells with SAM, hexanoyl-ACP containing mixture and the recombinant LuxI, then the activation of the reporter cells by this reaction mix will prove the fact that we have produced both functional acyl-ACP and LuxI enzyme. </p> <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
</p><br />
</div><br />
</body><br />
</html><br />
<br />
[[Category:BIOTEC_Dresden/Project|Project]]<br />
{{Biotec_Dresden/Bottom}}</div>Vyctoryohttp://2010.igem.org/Team:BIOTEC_Dresden/ACPTeam:BIOTEC Dresden/ACP2010-10-27T20:43:09Z<p>Vyctoryo: </p>
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<h2>ACP</h2><br />
</p> <B>ABREVIATIONS: </B> ACP – acyl carrier protein, SAM – S-adenosyl-methionine, CoA – coenzyme A </p><br />
<br />
<h2>Aim</h2><br />
<br />
<p> For enabling the outside-of-cell activity of the recombinant LuxI enzyme which will serve as the signal transducing element in our system we needed to provide the substrates for it: S-adenosyl-methionine (SAM); which also serves as a universal donor in methylation reactions and is easy to get from the store and acylated-acyl carrier protein (in our case hexanoyl-ACP); which is not readily available commercially but is possible to synthesize by more available strategies. The synthesis and detection of this compound is discussed further. </p><br />
<br />
<br />
<h2> Synthesis </h2><br />
<br />
<p> There are two major quorum signaling molecules produced by the <i>V. fischeri</i> LuxI enzyme in almost equimolar concentrations: N-(3-oxohexanoyl) homoserine lactone and hexanoyl homoserine lactone (1). The two compounds differ only by a keto group at the third carbon of the acyl chain, but hexanoyl homoserine lactone was one used since it was advantageous to synthesize it using commercially available products.</p><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<p> Normally the in-vivo synthesis of the acyl-ACP substrate for the production of signaling molecules in bacterial quorum sensing is carried out by enzymes like acyl-ACP synthetases which can transfer fatty acid groups onto the functional ACPs (already containing the phosphopantetheine prosthetic group). </p><br />
<br />
<p> We, however, tried an entirely different synthesis approach by using a different enzyme, namely ACP synthase (4-phosphopantetheinyl-transferase) which is involved in a more general reaction that spans all the domains of life and represents the addition of a prosthetic group to an ACP protein either from the fatty acid or polyketide synthesis pathways in order to make it functional. The prosthetic group in this case is a phosphopantetheine which is taken directly from CoA and added to the apo-protein variant of ACP generating adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate and holo-ACP (reaction depicted below). </p><br />
<br />
<a href="/wiki/images/e/e3/Natural_reaction_by_ACPS.png" rel="lightbox"><img src="/wiki/images/e/e3/Natural_reaction_by_ACPS.png" class="border left"></a><br />
<br />
<p> If we substitute in the reaction above CoA with derivatives containing the acyl group already attached to the phosphopantetheine moiety then we would be able to produce hexanoyl-ACP (figure below) ready to be used directly in the reaction with LuxI. </p><br />
<br />
<p> In fact, this is often used in practice for labeling cell surface proteins fused to ACP. (3) </p><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<p> We tried to produce the reaction using 3 main players: </p><br />
<ol><br />
<li> Hexanoyl CoA trilithium salt hydrate </li><br />
<li>Acyl carrier protein from E.coli </li><br />
<li>ACP synthase from E.coli</li><br />
</ol><br />
<br />
<p> The reaction components and their molar ratios were adjusted based on previous studies (4,5) and are as follows: 50 mM Tris-HCl, ph 8.0 buffer, 10 mM MgCl2 (enzyme cofactor), 1 mM DTT, 300 µM CoA, 50 µM of apo-ACP and 5 µM of ACP synthase in a total of 100µl reaction volume. The mix is incubated at 37°C for 30 minutes. For terminating the reaction, 50 mM EDTA or 10% trichloroacetic acid is added. </p><br />
<br />
<p> There has been some reports on mild inhibitory activity for this type of reaction by both an excess of apo-ACP and adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate along with some divalent ions. At the same time Mg2+ or Mn2+ are required for catalytic activity (6) </p><br />
</p> The behavior of the enzyme depending on the substrate is illustrated in figure 3. </p><br />
</p> As a successful example from literature, the Km value for butyryl production (fig. 4) from the respective substrates by this strategy was about 8.1 µM which is close to the value of non-derivatized CoA substrate. The turnover number however was 5 times lower than for CoA (0.2 s-1 compared to 1.0 s-1) which could be overcome by longer incubation times. </p><br />
<br />
<h2> Detection </h2><br />
<br />
<p> A first simple step to judge if the reaction is successful would be to run the reaction mixture on a gel. There is evidence that, in spite of a bigger mass, acylated ACP can travel faster than apo or holoACP in an SDS-PAGE, due to active binding of the SDS detergent molecules to the hydrophobic acyl chain which increases the charge to mass ratio, thus, facilitating faster migration (fig. 5) (2,7). On the other hand it is possible to run the reaction mixture also on a native gel and compare the migration pattern of the proteins. The potein that would migrate faster than apoACP in SDS PAGE but slower than it in a native page (separation by mass) would be the acylated ACP (fig. 6). </p> <br />
<p> Although this approach isn’t quantitative, it would give a hint about the efficiency of the reaction. </p> <br />
<br />
<p> A next detection approach is to integrate our system with that of the “Fusion protein” team which would allow for testing the fusion protein that they produced. If we test our AHL-sensitive reporter cells with SAM, hexanoyl-ACP containing mixture and the recombinant LuxI, then the activation of the reporter cells by this reaction mix will prove the fact that we have produced both functional acyl-ACP and LuxI enzyme. </p> <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
</p><br />
</div><br />
</body><br />
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{{Biotec_Dresden/Bottom}}</div>Vyctoryohttp://2010.igem.org/File:Ppt_slide_ACPS_modified.pngFile:Ppt slide ACPS modified.png2010-10-27T17:53:24Z<p>Vyctoryo: </p>
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<div></div>Vyctoryohttp://2010.igem.org/Team:BIOTEC_Dresden/ACPTeam:BIOTEC Dresden/ACP2010-10-27T16:48:11Z<p>Vyctoryo: </p>
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<h2>ACP</h2><br />
</p> <B>ABREVIATIONS: </B> ACP – acyl carrier protein, SAM – S-adenosyl-methionine, CoA – coenzyme A </p><br />
<br />
<h2>AIM </h2><br />
<br />
<p> For enabling the outside-of-cell activity of the recombinant LuxI enzyme which will serve as the signal transducing element in our system we needed to provide the substrates for it: S-adenosyl-methionine (SAM); which also serves as a universal donor in methylation reactions and is easy to get from the store and acylated-acyl carrier protein (in our case hexanoyl-ACP); which is not readily available commercially but is possible to synthesize by more available strategies. The synthesis and detection of this compound is discussed further. </p><br />
<br />
<br />
<h2> SYNTHESIS </h2><br />
<br />
<p> There are two major quorum signaling molecules produced by the <i>V. fischeri</i> LuxI enzyme in almost equimolar concentrations: N-(3-oxohexanoyl) homoserine lactone and hexanoyl homoserine lactone (1). The two compounds differ only by a keto group at the third carbon of the acyl chain, but hexanoyl homoserine lactone was one used since it was advantageous to synthesize it using commercially available products.</p><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<p> Normally the in-vivo synthesis of the acyl-ACP substrate for the production of signaling molecules in bacterial quorum sensing is carried out by enzymes like acyl-ACP synthetases which can transfer fatty acid groups onto the functional ACPs (already containing the phosphopantetheine prosthetic group). </p><br />
<br />
<p> We, however, tried an entirely different synthesis approach by using a different enzyme, namely ACP synthase (4-phosphopantetheinyl-transferase) which is involved in a more general reaction that spans all the domains of life and represents the addition of a prosthetic group to an ACP protein either from the fatty acid or polyketide synthesis pathways in order to make it functional. The prosthetic group in this case is a phosphopantetheine which is taken directly from CoA and added to the apo-protein variant of ACP generating adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate and holo-ACP (reaction depicted below). </p><br />
<br />
<p> If we substitute in the reaction above CoA with derivatives containing the acyl group already attached to the phosphopantetheine moiety then we would be able to produce hexanoyl-ACP (figure below) ready to be used directly in the reaction with LuxI. </p><br />
<br />
<p> In fact, this is often used in practice for labeling cell surface proteins fused to ACP. (3) </p><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<p> We tried to produce the reaction using 3 main players: </p><br />
<ol><br />
<li> 1.Hexanoyl CoA trilithium salt hydrate </li><br />
<li> 2.Acyl carrier protein from E.coli </li><br />
<li> 3.ACP synthase from E.coli </li><br />
</ol><br />
<br />
<p> The reaction components and their molar ratios were adjusted based on previous studies (4,5) and are as follows: 50 mM Tris-HCl, ph 8.0 buffer, 10 mM MgCl2 (enzyme cofactor), 1 mM DTT, 300 µM CoA, 50 µM of apo-ACP and 5 µM of ACP synthase in a total of 100µl reaction volume. The mix is incubated at 37°C for 30 minutes. For terminating the reaction, 50 mM EDTA or 10% trichloroacetic acid is added. </p><br />
<br />
<p> There has been some reports on mild inhibitory activity for this type of reaction by both an excess of apo-ACP and adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate along with some divalent ions. At the same time Mg2+ or Mn2+ are required for catalytic activity (6) </p><br />
</p> The behavior of the enzyme depending on the substrate is illustrated in figure 3. </p><br />
</p> As a successful example from literature, the Km value for butyryl production (fig. 4) from the respective substrates by this strategy was about 8.1 µM which is close to the value of non-derivatized CoA substrate. The turnover number however was 5 times lower than for CoA (0.2 s-1 compared to 1.0 s-1) which could be overcome by longer incubation times. </p><br />
<br />
<h2> DETECTION </h2><br />
<br />
<p> A first simple step to judge if the reaction is successful would be to run the reaction mixture on a gel. There is evidence that, in spite of a bigger mass, acylated ACP can travel faster than apo or holoACP in an SDS-PAGE, due to active binding of the SDS detergent molecules to the hydrophobic acyl chain which increases the charge to mass ratio, thus, facilitating faster migration (fig. 5) (2,7). On the other hand it is possible to run the reaction mixture also on a native gel and compare the migration pattern of the proteins. The potein that would migrate faster than apoACP in SDS PAGE but slower than it in a native page (separation by mass) would be the acylated ACP (fig. 6). </p> <br />
<p> Although this approach isn’t quantitative, it would give a hint about the efficiency of the reaction. </p> <br />
<br />
<p> A next detection approach is to integrate our system with that of the “Fusion protein” team which would allow for testing the fusion protein that they produced. If we test our AHL-sensitive reporter cells with SAM, hexanoyl-ACP containing mixture and the recombinant LuxI, then the activation of the reporter cells by this reaction mix will prove the fact that we have produced both functional acyl-ACP and LuxI enzyme. </p> <br />
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{{Biotec_Dresden/Bottom}}</div>Vyctoryohttp://2010.igem.org/Team:BIOTEC_Dresden/ACPTeam:BIOTEC Dresden/ACP2010-10-27T16:44:55Z<p>Vyctoryo: </p>
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<h2>ACP</h2><br />
</p> <B>ABREVIATIONS: </B> ACP – acyl carrier protein, SAM – S-adenosyl-methionine, CoA – coenzyme A </p><br />
<br />
<h2>INTRODUCTION </h2><br />
<br />
<p> For enabling the outside-of-cell activity of the recombinant LuxI enzyme which will serve as the signal transducing element in our system we needed to provide the substrates for it: S-adenosyl-methionine (SAM); which also serves as a universal donor in methylation reactions and is easy to get from the store and acylated-acyl carrier protein (in our case hexanoyl-ACP); which is not readily available commercially but is possible to synthesize by more available strategies. The synthesis and detection of this compound is discussed further. </p><br />
<br />
<br />
<h2> SYNTHESIS </h2><br />
<br />
<p> There are two major quorum signaling molecules produced by the <i>V. fischeri</i> LuxI enzyme in almost equimolar concentrations: N-(3-oxohexanoyl) homoserine lactone and hexanoyl homoserine lactone (1). The two compounds differ only by a keto group at the third carbon of the acyl chain, but hexanoyl homoserine lactone was one used since it was advantageous to synthesize it using commercially available products.</p><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<p> Normally the in-vivo synthesis of the acyl-ACP substrate for the production of signaling molecules in bacterial quorum sensing is carried out by enzymes like acyl-ACP synthetases which can transfer fatty acid groups onto the functional ACPs (already containing the phosphopantetheine prosthetic group). </p><br />
<br />
<p> We, however, tried an entirely different synthesis approach by using a different enzyme, namely ACP synthase (4-phosphopantetheinyl-transferase) which is involved in a more general reaction that spans all the domains of life and represents the addition of a prosthetic group to an ACP protein either from the fatty acid or polyketide synthesis pathways in order to make it functional. The prosthetic group in this case is a phosphopantetheine which is taken directly from CoA and added to the apo-protein variant of ACP generating adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate and holo-ACP (reaction depicted below). </p><br />
<br />
<p> If we substitute in the reaction above CoA with derivatives containing the acyl group already attached to the phosphopantetheine moiety then we would be able to produce hexanoyl-ACP (figure below) ready to be used directly in the reaction with LuxI. </p><br />
<br />
<p> In fact, this is often used in practice for labeling cell surface proteins fused to ACP. (3) </p><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<p> We tried to produce the reaction using 3 main players: </p><br />
<ol><br />
<li> 1.Hexanoyl CoA trilithium salt hydrate </li><br />
<li> 2.Acyl carrier protein from E.coli </li><br />
<li> 3.ACP synthase from E.coli </li><br />
</ol><br />
<br />
<p> The reaction components and their molar ratios were adjusted based on previous studies (4,5) and are as follows: 50 mM Tris-HCl, ph 8.0 buffer, 10 mM MgCl2 (enzyme cofactor), 1 mM DTT, 300 µM CoA, 50 µM of apo-ACP and 5 µM of ACP synthase in a total of 100µl reaction volume. The mix is incubated at 37°C for 30 minutes. For terminating the reaction, 50 mM EDTA or 10% trichloroacetic acid is added. </p><br />
<br />
<p> There has been some reports on mild inhibitory activity for this type of reaction by both an excess of apo-ACP and adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate along with some divalent ions. At the same time Mg2+ or Mn2+ are required for catalytic activity (6) </p><br />
</p> The behavior of the enzyme depending on the substrate is illustrated in figure 3. </p><br />
</p> As a successful example from literature, the Km value for butyryl production (fig. 4) from the respective substrates by this strategy was about 8.1 µM which is close to the value of non-derivatized CoA substrate. The turnover number however was 5 times lower than for CoA (0.2 s-1 compared to 1.0 s-1) which could be overcome by longer incubation times. </p><br />
<br />
<h2> DETECTION </h2><br />
<br />
<p> A first simple step to judge if the reaction is successful would be to run the reaction mixture on a gel. There is evidence that, in spite of a bigger mass, acylated ACP can travel faster than apo or holoACP in an SDS-PAGE, due to active binding of the SDS detergent molecules to the hydrophobic acyl chain which increases the charge to mass ratio, thus, facilitating faster migration (fig. 5) (2,7). On the other hand it is possible to run the reaction mixture also on a native gel and compare the migration pattern of the proteins. The potein that would migrate faster than apoACP in SDS PAGE but slower than it in a native page (separation by mass) would be the acylated ACP (fig. 6). </p> <br />
<p> Although this approach isn’t quantitative, it would give a hint about the efficiency of the reaction. </p> <br />
<br />
<p> A next detection approach is to integrate our system with that of the “Fusion protein” team which would allow for testing the fusion protein that they produced. If we test our AHL-sensitive reporter cells with SAM, hexanoyl-ACP containing mixture and the recombinant LuxI, then the activation of the reporter cells by this reaction mix will prove the fact that we have produced both functional acyl-ACP and LuxI enzyme. </p> <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
</p><br />
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</body><br />
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[[Category:BIOTEC_Dresden/Project|Project]]<br />
{{Biotec_Dresden/Bottom}}</div>Vyctoryohttp://2010.igem.org/Team:BIOTEC_Dresden/EthicsTeam:BIOTEC Dresden/Ethics2010-10-27T16:11:46Z<p>Vyctoryo: </p>
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<h2>Ethics</h2><br />
</p> Nowadays the production and use of genetically modified organisms (GMO’s) let them be plants, animals or any other living beings are viewed with big precaution by most societies. There are multiple reasons why people are not accepting this products some of them accompanied by sound scientific arguments, whereas others by wrong understanding and fears fueled by mass-media. </p><br />
</p>On one hand the people having nothing in common with biological sciences do not always know all the scientific background behind the problem, on the other hand, “bio people” in knowledge of the problem may be considered biased because their profession is usually their interest, belief and not last - their source of income. As society and scientists look for compromise, there is a big effort all over the world to create the legislative frame which will ensure the careful manipulation of GMO’s in environment, medicine, industry, in order to show respect for the people's opinion on this issue. </p><br />
</p>Synthetic biology is also about genetic manipulation – combining genes or fragments of genes from all kinds of life forms, modifying them in order to produce enhanced organisms able to be used for the sake of the mankind. Regardless of how noble the aims can be, it is necessary to consider the ethical questions arising from this kind of projects.</p><br />
</p>In the middle of all this fuss about gene manipulation here comes a synthetic biology competition among STUDENTS !! which offers the chance to apply into practice ambitious concepts harbored by their imagination (which is sometimes OK and sometimes NOT :) . This is an issue that is likely to rise questions from society's part, that’s why there stays a special requirement to accurately consider the ethical and safety aspects of each individual IGEM project.</p><br />
</p>In order to get a feeling of how society views genetic engineering, synthetic biology, the IGEM competition and our project in particular we conducted a small survey among a pool of about 40 young people of age 22-30, of German or other origin (ratio of about 1:1) of biological and non-biological background (same ratio). </p><br />
<br />
</p>You can follow us through the questions... and comments </p><br />
<br />
</p></p><br />
</p> <B>1. Do you regard genetic engineering as an absolute necessity for scientific research?</B> </p> <br />
</p>-YES -NO</p> <br />
</p> <i> About 90% answered yes which is actually the only right answer. Biology can’t move forward without altering the genes in so many ways to determine their functions and correlations with other genes in the cell, to enhance the products coded, etc. </i> </p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p> <B>2. Grade the areas below according to the need for approaches involving genetic engineering (you can use marks from 1 to 5, repeating marks allowed): </B> </p> <br />
</p>-medicine (research and therapy)</p><br />
</p>-environmental applications (e.g. fighting pollution, extracting salts from soil other)</p><br />
</p>-farming</p><br />
</p>-industry and energy</p><br />
</p>-other (you can also give your own application area)</p><br />
</p> <i> Scores distributed approximately equally with most for medicine and least for farming. It is quite hard to decide which ones are the most important since nowadays humanity has major problems on all of these lines. Quality of medicine is obvious for a healthy society as is fighting and preventing pollution, however, the need for effective farming which might not be seen a problem today (when THERE ARE people dying of hunger), will definitely become more acute in the future. Same about supplying increasing amounts of energy and extraction/ recycling of scarce resources </i> </p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p><B> 3. Is there an order for you in terms of ethics regarding gene manipulation performed on bacteria, plants, animals (except humans)? If yes give a score for each group (1 is least ethical).</B></p><br />
</p>-YES -NO</p><br />
</p>-Bacteria -Plants -Animals </p><br />
</p> <i> Least ethical for animals but nobody cares how would a bacteria feel like. It is probably a consequence of human nature, to show affection for things you can see and that resemble you in so many ways. </i> </p><br />
</p><B>4. Could you list one or two main potential risks (for health, environment) arising from the use of genetically modified organisms. </B></p><br />
</p>-for health:</p><br />
</p>-for environment:</p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p> <i> Most of the answers were too general and focused around the words “uncontrolled”, “unpredictable” and “side effects”. When talking about health risks, the usually discussed ones are, for instance, the accidental production and release into the environment of bacterial pathogens (or bacteria producing toxins, antibiotics). Debated risk for GM crops are supposed to be potential allergenic effects determined by the new genes, the potential of passing antibiotic resistance genes to bacteria inhabiting the human gut. Regarding environmental risks, the most prominent one is the potential production of new organisms (for instance harboring several resistance genes) able to compete and substitute the natural ones from the environment potentially destabilizing entire ecosystems (production of super-weeds can be mentioned in this context). Probably, the main ethical concern regarding gene modification is the crossing of the species boundaries by using genes from various organisms which can be in contradiction with how God planned everything. It is just important to mention, that some of the postulated risks are really improbable from the scientific point of view, whereas for others the best approach would be a careful one (even more than necessary). </i> </p><br />
</p> <B>5. Synthetic biology deals with the construction of new biological entities such as new proteins with combined functions, genetic circuits and cells, but also with the remodeling of existing biological systems for a specific use. Do you think there are any ethical restrictions to practicing it? </B> </p><br />
</p>-YES -NO</p> <br />
</p> <i> More than 70 % think there ARE ethical restrictions. Oh yes, there are! Ask Craig Venter. Apart from jokes, due to the huge diversity of ideas being experimented, every single designed project in synthetic biology should be analyzed individually for its implications on morality. </i> </p><br />
</p> <B> 6. If yes, do you think the potential advantages are overweighting the possible ethical problems. </B> </p><br />
</p>-YES -NO</p><br />
</p> <i> About 56% from the entire pool answered yes. We also think yes, but maybe you would like to consider somebody else's opinion. Synthetic biology can provide new approaches for almost every aspect of human life. </i> </p><br />
</p> <B> 7. How would you regard deliberate synthetic biology competitions among undergraduate students which include designing of genetically modified organisms with the aim to find solutions to various global problems. </B> </p><br />
</p>-I approve -I disapprove </p><br />
</p> <i> 78% approved. Still we have to be careful when walking home since there are 12% left which not really agree. We avoided telling here that the team members SHOULD HAVE FUN doing their experiments (internal information). <br />
IGEM is not only about students, there are enough people involved in supervising the project and giving advices. The institutions where the projects are being carried out are usually aware of the workflow, aims and methods of these groups of experimenters.</i> </p><br />
</p> <B> Do you think the outcome is greater than the risks?</B> </p><br />
</p>-YES -NO</p><br />
</p> <i> 87% think yes. IGEM worked nice so far. </i> </p><br />
</p> <B> 9. Do you think that creation of bacterial based biosensors for testing isolated blood samples from humans for certain diseases is in contradiction with any known moral rules or is posing any significant risks? </B> </p><br />
</p>-YES -NO</p><br />
</p>If Yes, please list some of them</p><br />
</p> <i>97% answered NO (except 1 person who stated that the method is invasive). </i> </p><br />
</p> <i> As expected! if it was a YES, we would have sent our T-shirts to the Jamboree (they are nice!). </i>.</p><br />
</p> <B> 10. If such biosensor systems would be much more sensitive than some of the currently used detection techniques and could make a big difference to the efficiency of disease diagnosis, would you grant its massive use along with the already established detection methods (considering that it is a transgenic organism)? </B> </p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p> <i> 95% Yes. Straight way to thinking about a business </i> </p><br />
<br />
</p> In conclusion, it is worth saying that the SensorBricks project cannot be in contradiction with any moral values, because it is a simple detection method, it is not posing any risks for the health of the patient as it is an in-vitro method performed with patient blood samples collected in advance. More than this it is designed to contribute to the efficiency of medical diagnosis procedures and has the perspectives for making the system cheaper and more available to benefit more people. <br />
<br />
BIOTEC Dresden IGEM TEAM 2010.</p><br />
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{{Biotec_Dresden/Bottom}}</div>Vyctoryohttp://2010.igem.org/Team:BIOTEC_Dresden/EthicsTeam:BIOTEC Dresden/Ethics2010-10-27T15:46:03Z<p>Vyctoryo: </p>
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<h2>Ethics</h2><br />
</p> Nowadays the production and use of genetically modified organisms (GMO’s) let them be plants, animals or any other living beings are viewed with big precaution by most societies. There are multiple reasons why people are not accepting this products some of them accompanied by sound scientific arguments, whereas others by wrong understanding and fears fueled by mass-media. </p><br />
</p>On one hand the people having nothing in common with biological sciences do not always know all the scientific background behind the problem, on the other hand, “bio people” in knowledge of the problem may be considered biased because their profession is usually their interest, belief and not last - their source of income. As society and scientists look for compromise, there is a big effort all over the world to create the legislative frame which will ensure the careful manipulation of GMO’s in environment, medicine, industry, in order to show respect for the people's opinion on this issue. </p><br />
</p>Synthetic biology is also about genetic manipulation – combining genes or fragments of genes from all kinds of life forms, modifying them in order to produce enhanced organisms able to be used for the sake of the mankind. Regardless of how noble the aims can be, it is necessary to consider the ethical questions arising from this kind of projects.</p><br />
</p>In the middle of all this fuss about gene manipulation here comes a synthetic biology competition among STUDENTS !! which offers the chance to apply into practice ambitious concepts harbored by their imagination (which is sometimes OK and sometimes NOT :) . This is an issue that is likely to rise questions from society's part, that’s why there stays a special requirement to accurately consider the ethical and safety aspects of each individual IGEM project.</p><br />
</p>In order to get a feeling of how society views genetic engineering, synthetic biology, the IGEM competition and our project in particular we conducted a small survey among a pool of about 40 young people of age 22-30, of German or other origin (ratio of about 1:1) of biological and non-biological background (same ratio). </p><br />
<br />
</p>You can follow us through the questions... and comments </p><br />
<br />
</p></p><br />
</p> <B>1. Do you regard genetic engineering as an absolute necessity for scientific research?</B> </p> <br />
</p>-YES -NO</p> <br />
</p> <i> About 90% answered yes which is actually the only right answer. Biology can’t move forward without altering the genes in so many ways to determine their functions and correlations with other genes in the cell, to enhance the products coded, etc. </i> </p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p> <B>2. Grade the areas below according to the need for approaches involving genetic engineering (you can use marks from 1 to 5, repeating marks allowed): </B> </p> <br />
</p>-medicine (research and therapy)</p><br />
</p>-environmental applications (e.g. fighting pollution, extracting salts from soil other)</p><br />
</p>-farming</p><br />
</p>-industry and energy</p><br />
</p>-other (you can also give your own application area)</p><br />
</p> <i> Scores distributed approximately equally with most for medicine and least for farming. It is quite hard to decide which ones are the most important since nowadays humanity has major problems on all of these lines. Quality of medicine is obvious for a healthy society as is fighting and preventing pollution, however, the need for effective farming which might not be seen a problem today (when THERE ARE people dying of hunger), will definitely become more acute in the future. Same about supplying increasing amounts of energy and extraction/ recycling of scarce resources </i> </p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p><B> 3. Is there an order for you in terms of ethics regarding gene manipulation performed on bacteria, plants, animals (except humans)? If yes give a score for each group (1 is least ethical).</B></p><br />
</p>-YES -NO</p><br />
</p>-Bacteria -Plants -Animals </p><br />
</p> <i> Least ethical for animals but nobody cares how would a bacteria feel like. It is probably a consequence of human nature, to show affection for things you can see and that resemble you in so many ways. </i> </p><br />
</p><B>4. Could you list one or two main potential risks (for health, environment) arising from the use of genetically modified organisms. </B></p><br />
</p>-for health:</p><br />
</p>-for environment:</p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p> <i> Most of the answers were too general and focused around the words “uncontrolled”, “unpredictable” and “side effects”. When talking about health risks, the usually discussed ones are, for instance, the accidental production and release into the environment of bacterial pathogens (or bacteria producing toxins, antibiotics). Debated risk for GM crops are supposed to be potential allergenic effects determined by the new genes, the potential of passing antibiotic resistance genes to bacteria inhabiting the human gut. Regarding environmental risks, the most prominent one is the potential production of new organisms (for instance harboring several resistance genes) able to compete and substitute the natural ones from the environment potentially destabilizing entire ecosystems (production of super-weeds can be mentioned in this context). Probably, the main ethical concern regarding gene modification is the crossing of the species boundaries by using genes from various organisms which can be in contradiction with how God planned everything. It is just important to mention, that some of the postulated risks are really improbable from the scientific point of view, whereas for others the best approach would be a careful one (even more than necessary). </i> </p><br />
</p> <B>5. Synthetic biology deals with the construction of new biological entities such as new proteins with combined functions, genetic circuits and cells, but also with the remodeling of existing biological systems for a specific use. Do you think there are any ethical restrictions to practicing it? </B> </p><br />
</p>-YES -NO</p> <br />
</p> <i> More than 70 % think there ARE ethical restrictions. Oh yes, there are! Ask Craig Venter. Apart from jokes, due to the huge diversity of ideas being experimented, every single designed project in synthetic biology should be analyzed individually for its implications on morality. </i> </p><br />
</p> <B> 6. If yes, do you think the potential advantages are overweighting the possible ethical problems. </B> </p><br />
</p>-YES -NO</p><br />
</p> <i> About 56% from the entire pool answered yes. We also think yes, but maybe you would like to consider somebody else's opinion. Synthetic biology can provide new approaches for almost every aspect of human life. </i> </p><br />
</p> <B> 7. How would you regard deliberate synthetic biology competitions among undergraduate students which include designing of genetically modified organisms with the aim to find solutions to various global problems. </B> </p><br />
</p>-I approve -I disapprove </p><br />
</p> <i> 78% approved. Still we have to be careful when walking home since there are 12% left which not really agree. We avoided telling here that the team members SHOULD HAVE FUN doing their experiments (internal information). <br />
IGEM is not only about students, there are enough people involved in supervising the project and giving advices. The institutions where the projects are being carried out are usually aware of the workflow, aims and methods of these groups of experimenters.</i> </p><br />
</p> <B> Do you think the outcome is greater than the risks?</B> </p><br />
</p>-YES -NO</p><br />
</p> <i> 87% think yes. IGEM worked nice so far. </i> </p><br />
</p> <B> 9. Do you think that creation of bacterial based biosensors for testing isolated blood samples from humans for certain diseases is in contradiction with any known moral rules or is posing any significant risks? </B> </p><br />
</p>-YES -NO</p><br />
</p>If Yes, please list some of them</p><br />
</p> <i>97% answered NO (except 1 person who stated that the method is invasive). </i> </p><br />
</p> <i> As expected! if it was a YES, we would have sent our T-shirts to the Jamboree (they are nice!). </i>.</p><br />
</p> <B> 10. If such biosensor systems would be much more sensitive than some of the currently used detection techniques and could make a big difference to the efficiency of disease diagnosis, would you grant its massive use along with the already established detection methods (considering that it is a transgenic organism)? </B> </p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p> <i> 95% Yes. Straight way to thinking about a business </i> </p><br />
<br />
</p><br />
</div><br />
</body><br />
</html><br />
<br />
[[Category:BIOTEC Dresden/Safety]]<br />
{{Biotec_Dresden/Bottom}}</div>Vyctoryohttp://2010.igem.org/Team:BIOTEC_Dresden/EthicsTeam:BIOTEC Dresden/Ethics2010-10-27T15:43:20Z<p>Vyctoryo: </p>
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<h2>Ethics</h2><br />
</p> Nowadays the production and use of genetically modified organisms (GMO’s) let them be plants, animals or any other living beings are viewed with big precaution by most societies. There are multiple reasons why people are not accepting this products some of them accompanied by sound scientific arguments, whereas others by wrong understanding and fears fueled by mass-media. </p><br />
</p>On one hand the people having nothing in common with biological sciences do not always know all the scientific background behind the problem, on the other hand, “bio people” in knowledge of the problem may be considered biased because their profession is usually their interest, belief and not last - their source of income. As society and scientists looks for compromise, there is a big effort all over the world to create the legislative frame which will ensure the careful manipulation of GMO’s in environment, medicine, industry, in order to show respect for the people's opinion on this issue. </p><br />
</p>Synthetic biology is also about genetic manipulation – combining genes or fragments of genes from all kinds of life forms, modifying them in order to produce enhanced organisms able to be used for the sake of the mankind. Regardless of how noble the aims can be, it is necessary to consider the ethical questions arising from this kind of projects.</p><br />
</p>In the middle of all this fuss about gene manipulation here comes a synthetic biology competition among STUDENTS !! which offers the chance to apply into practice ambitious concepts harbored by their imagination (which is sometimes OK and sometimes NOT :) . This is an issue that is likely to rise questions from society's part, that’s why there stays a special requirement to accurately consider the ethical and safety aspects of each individual IGEM project.</p><br />
</p>In order to get a feeling of how society views genetic engineering, synthetic biology, the IGEM competition and our project in particular we conducted a small survey among a pool of about 40 young people of age 22-30, of German or other origin (ratio of about 1:1) of biological and non-biological background (same ratio). </p><br />
<br />
</p>You can follow us through the questions... and comments </p><br />
<br />
</p></p><br />
</p> <B>1. Do you regard genetic engineering as an absolute necessity for scientific research?</B> </p> <br />
</p>-YES -NO</p> <br />
</p> <i> About 90% answered yes which is actually the only right answer. Biology can’t move forward without altering the genes in so many ways to determine their functions and correlations with other genes in the cell, to enhance the products coded, etc. </i> </p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p> <B>2. Grade the areas below according to the need for approaches involving genetic engineering (you can use marks from 1 to 5, repeating marks allowed): </B> </p> <br />
</p>-medicine (research and therapy)</p><br />
</p>-environmental applications (e.g. fighting pollution, extracting salts from soil other)</p><br />
</p>-farming</p><br />
</p>-industry and energy</p><br />
</p>-other (you can also give your own application area)</p><br />
</p> <i> Scores distributed approximately equally with most for medicine and least for farming. It is quite hard to decide which ones are the most important since nowadays humanity has major problems on all of these lines. Quality of medicine is obvious for a healthy society as is fighting and preventing pollution, however, the need for effective farming which might not be seen a problem today (when THERE ARE people dying of hunger), will definitely become more acute in the future. Same about supplying increasing amounts of energy and extraction/ recycling of scarce resources </i> </p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p><B> 3. Is there an order for you in terms of ethics regarding gene manipulation performed on bacteria, plants, animals (except humans)? If yes give a score for each group (1 is least ethical).</B></p><br />
</p>-YES -NO</p><br />
</p>-Bacteria -Plants -Animals </p><br />
</p> <i> Least ethical for animals but nobody cares how would a bacteria feel like. It is probably a consequence of human nature, to show affection for things you can see and that resemble you in so many ways. </i> </p><br />
</p><B>4. Could you list one or two main potential risks (for health, environment) arising from the use of genetically modified organisms. </B></p><br />
</p>-for health:</p><br />
</p>-for environment:</p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p> <i> Most of the answers were too general and focused around the words “uncontrolled”, “unpredictable” and “side effects”. When talking about health risks, the usually discussed ones are, for instance, the accidental production and release into the environment of bacterial pathogens (or bacteria producing toxins, antibiotics). Debated risk for GM crops are supposed to be potential allergenic effects determined by the new genes, the potential of passing antibiotic resistance genes to bacteria inhabiting the human gut. Regarding environmental risks, the most prominent one is the potential production of new organisms (for instance harboring several resistance genes) able to compete and substitute the natural ones from the environment potentially destabilizing entire ecosystems (production of super-weeds can be mentioned in this context). Probably, the main ethical concern regarding gene modification is the crossing of the species boundaries by using genes from various organisms which can be in contradiction with how God planned everything. It is just important to mention, that some of the postulated risks are really improbable from the scientific point of view, whereas for others the best approach would be a careful one (even more than necessary). </i> </p><br />
</p> <B>5. Synthetic biology deals with the construction of new biological entities such as new proteins with combined functions, genetic circuits and cells, but also with the remodeling of existing biological systems for a specific use. Do you think there are any ethical restrictions to practicing it? </B> </p><br />
</p>-YES -NO</p> <br />
</p> <i> More than 70 % think there ARE ethical restrictions. Oh yes, there are! Ask Craig Venter. Apart from jokes, due to the huge diversity of ideas being experimented, every single designed project in synthetic biology should be analyzed individually for its implications on morality. </i> </p><br />
</p> <B> 6. If yes, do you think the potential advantages are overweighting the possible ethical problems. </B> </p><br />
</p>-YES -NO</p><br />
</p> <i> About 56% from the entire pool answered yes. We also think yes, but maybe you would like to consider somebody else's opinion. Synthetic biology can provide new approaches for almost every aspect of human life. </i> </p><br />
</p> <B> 7. How would you regard deliberate synthetic biology competitions among undergraduate students which include designing of genetically modified organisms with the aim to find solutions to various global problems. </B> </p><br />
</p>-I approve -I disapprove </p><br />
</p> <i> 78% approved. Still we have to be careful when walking home since there are 12% left which not really agree. We avoided telling here that the team members SHOULD HAVE FUN doing their experiments (internal information). <br />
IGEM is not only about students, there are enough people involved in supervising the project and giving advices. The institutions where the projects are being carried out are usually aware of the workflow, aims and methods of these groups of experimenters.</i> </p><br />
</p> <B> Do you think the outcome is greater than the risks?</B> </p><br />
</p>-YES -NO</p><br />
</p> <i> 87% think yes. IGEM worked nice so far. </i> </p><br />
</p> <B> 9. Do you think that creation of bacterial based biosensors for testing isolated blood samples from humans for certain diseases is in contradiction with any known moral rules or is posing any significant risks? </B> </p><br />
</p>-YES -NO</p><br />
</p>If Yes, please list some of them</p><br />
</p> <i>97% answered NO (except 1 person who stated that the method is invasive). </i> </p><br />
</p> <i> As expected! if it was a YES, we would have sent our T-shirts to the Jamboree (they are nice!). </i>.</p><br />
</p> <B> 10. If such biosensor systems would be much more sensitive than some of the currently used detection techniques and could make a big difference to the efficiency of disease diagnosis, would you grant its massive use along with the already established detection methods (considering that it is a transgenic organism)? </B> </p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p> <i> 95% Yes. Straight way to thinking about a business </i> </p><br />
<br />
</p><br />
</div><br />
</body><br />
</html><br />
<br />
[[Category:BIOTEC Dresden/Safety]]<br />
{{Biotec_Dresden/Bottom}}</div>Vyctoryohttp://2010.igem.org/Team:BIOTEC_Dresden/EthicsTeam:BIOTEC Dresden/Ethics2010-10-27T15:24:09Z<p>Vyctoryo: </p>
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<h2>Ethics</h2><br />
</p> Nowadays the production and use of genetically modified organisms (GMO’s) let them be plants, animals or any other living beings are viewed with big precaution by most societies. There are multiple reasons why people are not accepting this products some of them accompanied by sound scientific arguments, whereas others by wrong understanding and fears fueled by mass-media. </p><br />
</p>On one hand the people having nothing in common with biological sciences do not always know all the scientific background behind the problem, on the other hand, “bio people” in knowledge of the problem may be considered biased because their profession is usually their interest, belief and not last - their source of income. As society and scientists looks for compromise, there is a big effort all over the world to create the legislative frame which will ensure the careful manipulation of GMO’s in environment, medicine, industry, in order to show respect for the people's opinion on this issue. </p><br />
</p>Synthetic biology is also about genetic manipulation – combining genes or fragments of genes from all kinds of life forms, modifying them in order to produce enhanced organisms able to be used for the sake of the mankind. Regardless of how noble the aims can be, it is necessary to consider the ethical questions arising from this kind of projects.</p><br />
</p>In the middle of all this fuss about gene manipulation here comes a synthetic biology competition among STUDENTS !! which offers the chance to apply into practice ambitious concepts harbored by their imagination (which is sometimes OK and sometimes NOT :) . This is an issue that is likely to rise questions from society's part, that’s why there stays a special requirement to accurately consider the ethical and safety aspects of each individual IGEM project.</p><br />
</p>In order to get a feeling of how society views genetic engineering, synthetic biology, the IGEM competition and our project in particular we conducted a small survey among a pool of about 40 young people of age 22-30, of German or other origin (ratio of about 1:1) of biological and non-biological background (same ratio). </p><br />
<br />
</p>You can follow us through the questions... and comments </p><br />
<br />
</p></p><br />
</p> <B>1. Do you regard genetic engineering as an absolute necessity for scientific research?</B> </p> <br />
</p>-YES -NO</p> <br />
</p> <i> About 90% answered yes which is actually the only right answer. Biology can’t move forward without altering the genes in so many ways to determine their functions and correlations with other genes in the cell, to enhance the products coded, etc. </i> </p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p> <B>2. Grade the areas below according to the need for approaches involving genetic engineering (you can use marks from 1 to 5, repeating marks allowed): </B> </p> <br />
</p>-medicine (research and therapy)</p><br />
</p>-environmental applications (e.g. fighting pollution, extracting salts from soil other)</p><br />
</p>-farming</p><br />
</p>-industry and energy</p><br />
</p>-other (you can also give your own application area)</p><br />
</p> <i> Scores distributed approximately equally with most for medicine and least for farming. It is quite hard to decide which ones are the most important since nowadays humanity has major problems on all of these lines. Quality of medicine is obvious for a healthy society as is fighting and preventing pollution, however, the need for effective farming which might not be seen a problem today (when THERE ARE people dying of hunger), will definitely become more acute in the future. Same about supplying increasing amounts of energy and extraction/ recycling of scarce resources </i> </p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p><B> 3. Is there an order for you in terms of ethics regarding gene manipulation performed on bacteria, plants, animals (except humans)? If yes give a score for each group (1 is least ethical).</B></p><br />
</p>-YES -NO</p><br />
</p>-Bacteria -Plants -Animals </p><br />
</p> <i> Least ethical for animals but nobody cares how would a bacteria feel like. It is probably a consequence of human nature, to show affection for things you can see and that resemble you in so many ways. </i> </p><br />
</p><B>4. Could you list one or two main potential risks (for health, environment) arising from the use of genetically modified organisms. </B></p><br />
</p>-for health:</p><br />
</p>-for environment:</p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p> <i> Most of the answers were too general and focused around the words “uncontrolled”, “unpredictable” and “side effects”. When talking about health risks, the usually discussed ones are, for instance, the accidental production and release into the environment of bacterial pathogens (or bacteria producing toxins, antibiotics). Debated risk for GM crops are supposed to be potential allergenic effects determined by the new genes, the potential of passing antibiotic resistance genes to bacteria inhabiting the human gut. Regarding environmental risks, the most prominent one is the potential production of new organisms (for instance harboring several resistance genes) able to compete and substitute the natural ones from the environment potentially destabilizing entire ecosystems (production of super-weeds can be mentioned in this context). Probably, the main ethical concern regarding gene modification is the crossing of the species boundaries by using genes from various organisms which can be in contradiction with how God planned everything. It is just important to mention, that some of the postulated risks are really improbable from the scientific point of view, whereas for others the best approach would be a careful one (even more than necessary). </i> </p><br />
</p> <B>5. Synthetic biology deals with the construction of new biological entities such as new proteins with combined functions, genetic circuits and cells, but also with the remodeling of existing biological systems for a specific use. Do you think there are any ethical restrictions to practicing it? </B> </p><br />
</p>-YES -NO</p> <br />
</p> <i> More than 70 % think there ARE ethical restrictions. Oh yes, there are! Ask Craig Venter. Apart from jokes, due to the huge diversity of ideas being experimented, every single designed project in synthetic biology should be analyzed individually for its implications on morality. </i> </p><br />
</p> <B> 6. If yes, do you think the potential advantages are overweighting the possible ethical problems. </B> </p><br />
</p>-YES -NO</p><br />
</p> <i> About 56% from the entire pool answered yes. We also think yes, but maybe you would like to consider somebody else's opinion. Synthetic biology can provide new approaches for almost every aspect of human life. </i> </p><br />
</p> <B> 7. How would you regard deliberate synthetic biology competitions among undergraduate students which include designing of genetically modified organisms with the aim to find solutions to various global problems. </B> </p><br />
</p>-I approve -I disapprove </p><br />
</p> <i> 78% approved. We avoided telling here that the team members SHOULD HAVE FUN doing their experiments! After all, it is internal information. Still we have to be careful when walking home since there are 12% left which not really agree. </i> </p><br />
</p> <B> Do you think the outcome is greater than the risks?</B> </p><br />
</p>-YES -NO</p><br />
</p> <i> 87% think yes </i> </p><br />
</p> <B> 9. Do you think that creation of bacterial based biosensors for testing isolated blood samples from humans for certain diseases is in contradiction with any known moral rules or is posing any significant risks? </B> </p><br />
</p>-YES -NO</p><br />
</p>If Yes, please list some of them</p><br />
</p> <i>97% answered NO (except 1 person). </i> </p><br />
</p> <i> As expected! if it was a YES, we would have sent our T-shirts to the Jamboree (they are nice ) or would have faked the answer to this question or would have deleted it at all. But no, IT IS HERE.<br />
Regarding the risks, I can only imagine glowing intestines, but don’t think too much over this… (these poor lab bacteria can’t leave their juicy LB)</i>.</p><br />
</p> <B> 10. If such biosensor systems would be much more sensitive than some of the currently used detection techniques and could make a big difference to the efficiency of disease diagnosis, would you grant its massive use along with the already established detection methods (considering that it is a transgenic organism)? </B> </p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p> <i> 95% Yes. Straight way to thinking about a business </i> </p><br />
</p> <B>GO, IGEMolution! (our official phrase during the Bioolympics event , copyrighted, you can’t use it without permission) </B></p><br />
<br />
<br />
</p><br />
</div><br />
</body><br />
</html><br />
<br />
[[Category:BIOTEC Dresden/Safety]]<br />
{{Biotec_Dresden/Bottom}}</div>Vyctoryohttp://2010.igem.org/Team:BIOTEC_Dresden/EthicsTeam:BIOTEC Dresden/Ethics2010-10-27T14:57:34Z<p>Vyctoryo: </p>
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<h2>Ethics</h2><br />
</p> Nowadays the production and use of genetically modified organisms (GMO’s) let them be plants, animals or any other living beings are viewed with big precaution by most societies. There are multiple reasons why people are not accepting this products some of them accompanied by sound scientific arguments, whereas others by wrong understanding and fears fueled by mass-media. </p><br />
</p>On one hand the people having nothing in common with biological sciences do not always know all the scientific background behind the problem, on the other hand, “bio people” in knowledge of the problem may be considered biased because their profession is usually their interest, belief and not last - their source of income. As society and scientists looks for compromise, there is a big effort all over the world to create the legislative frame which will ensure the careful manipulation of GMO’s in environment, medicine, industry, in order to show respect for the people's opinion on this issue. </p><br />
</p>Synthetic biology is also about genetic manipulation – combining genes or fragments of genes from all kinds of life forms, modifying them in order to produce enhanced organisms able to be used for the sake of the mankind. Regardless of how noble the aims can be, it is necessary to consider the ethical questions arising from this kind of projects.</p><br />
</p>In the middle of all this fuss about gene manipulation here comes a synthetic biology competition among STUDENTS !! which offers the chance to apply into practice ambitious concepts harbored by their imagination (which is sometimes OK and sometimes NOT :) . This is an issue that is likely to rise questions from society's part, that’s why there stays a special requirement to accurately consider the ethical and safety aspects of each individual IGEM project.</p><br />
</p>In order to get a feeling of how society views genetic engineering, synthetic biology, the IGEM competition and our project in particular we conducted a small survey among a pool of about 40 young people of age 22-30, of German or other origin (ratio of about 1:1) of biological and non-biological background (same ratio). </p><br />
<br />
</p>You can follow us through the questions... and comments </p><br />
<br />
</p></p><br />
</p> <B>1. Do you regard genetic engineering as an absolute necessity for scientific research?</B> </p> <br />
</p>-YES -NO</p> <br />
</p> <i> About 90% answered yes which is actually the only right answer. Biology can’t move forward without altering the genes in so many ways to determine their functions and correlations with other genes in the cell, to enhance the products coded, etc. </i> </p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p> <B>2. Grade the areas below according to the need for approaches involving genetic engineering (you can use marks from 1 to 5, repeating marks allowed): </B> </p> <br />
</p>-medicine (research and therapy)</p><br />
</p>-environmental applications (e.g. fighting pollution, extracting salts from soil other)</p><br />
</p>-farming</p><br />
</p>-industry and energy</p><br />
</p>-other (you can also give your own application area)</p><br />
</p> <i> Scores distributed approximately equally with most for medicine and least for farming. It is quite hard to decide which ones are the most important since nowadays humanity has major problems on all of these lines. Quality of medicine is obvious for a healthy society as is fighting and preventing pollution, however, the need for effective farming which might not be seen a problem today (when THERE ARE people dying of hunger), will definitely become more acute in the future. Same about supplying increasing amounts of energy and extraction/ recycling of scarce resources </i> </p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p><B> 3. Is there an order for you in terms of ethics regarding gene manipulation performed on bacteria, plants, animals (except humans)? If yes give a score for each group (1 is least ethical).</B></p><br />
</p>-YES -NO</p><br />
</p>-Bacteria -Plants -Animals </p><br />
</p> <i> Least ethical for animals but nobody cares how would a bacteria feel like. </i> </p><br />
</p><B>4. Could you list one or two main potential risks (for health, environment) arising from the use of genetically modified organisms. </B></p><br />
</p>-for health:</p><br />
</p>-for environment:</p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p> <i> Most of the answers were too general and focused around the words “uncontrolled”, “unpredictable” and “side effects”. When talking about health risks, the usually discussed ones are, for instance, the accidental production and release into the environment of bacterial pathogens (or bacteria producing toxins, antibiotics). Debated risk for GM crops are supposed to be potential allergenic effects determined by the new genes, the potential of passing antibiotic resistance genes to bacteria inhabiting the human gut. Regarding environmental risks, the most prominent one is the potential production of new organisms (for instance harboring several resistance genes) able to compete and substitute the natural ones from the environment potentially destabilizing entire ecosystems (production of super-weeds can be mentioned in this context). Probably, the main ethical concern regarding gene modification is the crossing of the species boundaries by using genes from various organisms which can be in contradiction with how God planned everything. It is just important to mention, that some of the postulated risks are really improbable from the scientific point of view, whereas for others the best approach would be a careful one (even more than necessary). </i> </p><br />
</p> <B>5. Synthetic biology represents the design and construction of new biological entities such as enzymes, genetic circuits, and cells, or the redesign of existing biological systems for a specific use. Do you think there are any ethical restrictions to practicing it? </B> </p><br />
</p>-YES -NO</p> <br />
</p> <i> More than 70 % think there ARE ethical restrictions. Oh yes, there are! Ask Craig Venter.</i> </p><br />
</p> <B> 6. If yes do you think the potential advantages are overweighting the possible ethical problems. </B> </p><br />
</p>-YES -NO</p><br />
</p> <i> About 56% from the entire pool answered yes. Surely yes, but maybe we are to mad about IGEM for our opinion to be trusted.</i> </p><br />
</p> <B> 7. How would you regard deliberate synthetic biology competitions among undergraduate students which include designing of genetically modified organisms with the aim to find solutions to various global problems. </B> </p><br />
</p>-I approve -I disapprove </p><br />
</p> <i> 78% approved. Niiiice! We skipped telling that the team members SHOULD HAVE FUN doing their bacteria-Frankensteins! After all, it is kind of internal information. Still we have to be careful when walking home since there are 12% left which not really agree. Maybe we shouldn’t have weared all this time the IGEM badge?! </i> </p><br />
</p> <B> Do you think the outcome is greater than the risks?</B> </p><br />
</p>-YES -NO</p><br />
</p> <i> 87% think yes </i> </p><br />
</p> <B> 9. Do you think that creation of bacterial based biosensors for testing isolated blood samples from humans for certain diseases is in contradiction with any known moral rules or is posing any significant risks? </B> </p><br />
</p>-YES -NO</p><br />
</p>If Yes, please list some of them</p><br />
</p> <i>97% answered NO (except 1 person). </i> </p><br />
</p> <i> As expected! if it was a YES, we would have sent our T-shirts to the Jamboree (they are nice ) or would have faked the answer to this question or would have deleted it at all. But no, IT IS HERE.<br />
Regarding the risks, I can only imagine glowing intestines, but don’t think too much over this… (these poor lab bacteria can’t leave their juicy LB)</i>.</p><br />
</p> <B> 10. If such biosensor systems would be much more sensitive than some of the currently used detection techniques and could make a big difference to the efficiency of disease diagnosis, would you grant its massive use along with the already established detection methods (considering that it is a transgenic organism)? </B> </p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p> <i> 95% Yes. Straight way to thinking about a business </i> </p><br />
</p> <B>GO, IGEMolution! (our official phrase during the Bioolympics event , copyrighted, you can’t use it without permission) </B></p><br />
<br />
<br />
</p><br />
</div><br />
</body><br />
</html><br />
<br />
[[Category:BIOTEC Dresden/Safety]]<br />
{{Biotec_Dresden/Bottom}}</div>Vyctoryohttp://2010.igem.org/Team:BIOTEC_Dresden/EthicsTeam:BIOTEC Dresden/Ethics2010-10-27T14:18:27Z<p>Vyctoryo: </p>
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<h2>Ethics</h2><br />
</p> Nowadays the production and use of genetically modified organisms (GMO’s) let them be plants, animals or any other living beings are viewed with big precaution by most societies. There are multiple reasons why people are not accepting this products some of them accompanied by sound scientific arguments, whereas others by wrong understanding and fears fueled by mass-media. </p><br />
</p>On one hand the people having nothing in common with biological sciences do not always know all the scientific background behind the problem, on the other hand, “bio people” in knowledge of the problem may be considered biased because their profession is usually their interest, belief and not last - their source of income. As society and scientists looks for compromise, there is a big effort all over the world to create the legislative frame which will ensure the careful manipulation of GMO’s in environment, medicine, industry, in order to show respect for the people's opinion on this issue. </p><br />
</p>Synthetic biology is also about genetic manipulation – combining genes or fragments of genes from all kinds of life forms, modifying them in order to produce enhanced organisms able to be used for the sake of the mankind. Regardless of how noble the aims can be, it is necessary to consider the ethical questions arising from this kind of projects.</p><br />
</p>In the middle of all this fuss about gene manipulation here comes a synthetic biology competition among STUDENTS !! which offers the chance to apply into practice ambitious concepts harbored by their imagination (which is sometimes OK and sometimes NOT :) . This is an issue that is likely to rise questions from society's part, that’s why there stays a special requirement to accurately consider the ethical and safety aspects of each individual IGEM project.</p><br />
</p>In order to get a feeling of how society views genetic engineering, synthetic biology, the IGEM competition and our project in particular we conducted a small survey among a pool of about 40 young people of age 22-30, of German or other origin (ratio of about 1:1) of biological and non-biological background (same ratio). </p><br />
<br />
</p>You can follow us through the questions... and comments </p><br />
<br />
</p></p><br />
</p> <B>1. Do you regard genetic engineering as an absolute necessity for scientific research?</B> </p> <br />
</p>-YES -NO</p> <br />
</p> <i> About 90% answered yes which is actually the only right answer. Biology can’t move forward without altering the genes in so many ways to determine their functions and correlations with other genes in the cell, to enhance the products coded, etc. </i> </p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p> <B>2. Grade the areas below according to the need for approaches involving genetic engineering (you can use marks from 1 to 5, repeating marks allowed): </B> </p> <br />
</p>-medicine (research and therapy)</p><br />
</p>-environmental applications (e.g. fighting pollution, extracting salts from soil other)</p><br />
</p>-farming</p><br />
</p>-industry and energy</p><br />
</p>-other (you can also give your own application area)</p><br />
</p> <i> Scores distributed approximately equally with most for medicine and least for farming. It is quite hard to decide which ones are the most important since nowadays humanity has major problems on all of these lines. Quality of medicine is obvious for a healthy society as is fighting and preventing pollution, however, the need for effective farming which might not be seen a problem today (when THERE ARE people dying of hunger), will definitely become more acute in the future. Same about supplying increasing amounts of energy and extraction/ recycling of scarce resources </i> </p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p><B> 3. Is there an order for you in terms of ethics regarding gene manipulation performed on bacteria, plants, animals (except humans)? If yes give a score for each group (1 is least ethical).</B></p><br />
</p>-YES -NO</p><br />
</p>-Bacteria -Plants A-nimals </p><br />
</p> <i> Least ethical for animals but nobody cares how would a bacteria feel like. </i> </p><br />
</p><B>4. Could you list one or two main potential risks (for health, environment) arising from the use of genetically modified organisms. </B></p><br />
</p>-for health:</p><br />
</p>-for environment:</p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p> <i> Most of the answers were too general and focused around the words “uncontrolled”, “unpredictable” and “side effects”. Did Hollywood have its contribution? </i> </p><br />
</p> <B>5. Synthetic biology represents the design and construction of new biological entities such as enzymes, genetic circuits, and cells, or the redesign of existing biological systems for a specific use. Do you think there are any ethical restrictions to practicing it? </B> </p><br />
</p>-YES -NO</p> <br />
</p> <i> More than 70 % think there ARE ethical restrictions. Oh yes, there are! Ask Craig Venter.</i> </p><br />
</p> <B> 6. If yes do you think the potential advantages are overweighting the possible ethical problems. </B> </p><br />
</p>-YES -NO</p><br />
</p> <i> About 56% from the entire pool answered yes. Surely yes, but maybe we are to mad about IGEM for our opinion to be trusted.</i> </p><br />
</p> <B> 7. How would you regard deliberate synthetic biology competitions among undergraduate students which include designing of genetically modified organisms with the aim to find solutions to various global problems. </B> </p><br />
</p>-I approve -I disapprove </p><br />
</p> <i> 78% approved. Niiiice! We skipped telling that the team members SHOULD HAVE FUN doing their bacteria-Frankensteins! After all, it is kind of internal information. Still we have to be careful when walking home since there are 12% left which not really agree. Maybe we shouldn’t have weared all this time the IGEM badge?! </i> </p><br />
</p> <B> Do you think the outcome is greater than the risks?</B> </p><br />
</p>-YES -NO</p><br />
</p> <i> 87% think yes </i> </p><br />
</p> <B> 9. Do you think that creation of bacterial based biosensors for testing isolated blood samples from humans for certain diseases is in contradiction with any known moral rules or is posing any significant risks? </B> </p><br />
</p>-YES -NO</p><br />
</p>If Yes, please list some of them</p><br />
</p> <i>97% answered NO (except 1 person). </i> </p><br />
</p> <i> As expected! if it was a YES, we would have sent our T-shirts to the Jamboree (they are nice ) or would have faked the answer to this question or would have deleted it at all. But no, IT IS HERE.<br />
Regarding the risks, I can only imagine glowing intestines, but don’t think too much over this… (these poor lab bacteria can’t leave their juicy LB)</i>.</p><br />
</p> <B> 10. If such biosensor systems would be much more sensitive than some of the currently used detection techniques and could make a big difference to the efficiency of disease diagnosis, would you grant its massive use along with the already established detection methods (considering that it is a transgenic organism)? </B> </p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p> <i> 95% Yes. Straight way to thinking about a business </i> </p><br />
</p> <B>GO, IGEMolution! (our official phrase during the Bioolympics event , copyrighted, you can’t use it without permission) </B></p><br />
<br />
<br />
</p><br />
</div><br />
</body><br />
</html><br />
<br />
[[Category:BIOTEC Dresden/Safety]]<br />
{{Biotec_Dresden/Bottom}}</div>Vyctoryohttp://2010.igem.org/Team:BIOTEC_Dresden/ACPTeam:BIOTEC Dresden/ACP2010-10-26T19:30:10Z<p>Vyctoryo: New page: {{Biotec_Dresden/Header}} <html> <body> <div id="content_prim"> <p>ACP.</p> <p>ACP</p> <p>ACP.</p> </div> <div cl...</p>
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<p>ACP</p><br />
<p>ACP.</p><br />
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[[Category:BIOTEC_Dresden/Project|Project]]<br />
{{Biotec_Dresden/Bottom}}</div>Vyctoryohttp://2010.igem.org/Team:BIOTEC_Dresden/EthicsTeam:BIOTEC Dresden/Ethics2010-10-26T19:11:47Z<p>Vyctoryo: </p>
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<h2>Ethics</h2><br />
</p> Nowadays the production and use of genetically modified organisms (GMO’s) let them be plants, animals or anything else are viewed with big precaution by most societies. There are multiple reasons why people are not accepting this products some of them accompanied by sound scientific arguments, whereas others by wrong understanding and fears fuelled by mass-media. </p><br />
</p>On one hand the people having nothing in common with biological sciences do not always know all the scientific background behind the problem, on the other hand, “bio people” in knowledge of the problem may be considered biased because their profession is their source of income, respect, it is also their belief and future. As society and science looks for compromise, there is a big effort all over the world to create the legislative frame which will ensure the careful manipulation of GMO’s in environment, medicine, industry. </p><br />
</p>Synthetic biology is also about genetic manipulation – combining genes or fragments of genes from all kinds of life forms, modifying them in order to produce enhanced organisms able to be used for the sake of the mankind. Regardless of how noble the aims can be, it is necessary to consider the ethical questions arising from it.</p><br />
</p>In the middle of all this fuss about gene manipulation here comes a synthetic biology competition among STUDENTS !! which offers the chance to apply into practice ambitious concepts derived from their imagination (which is sometimes OK and sometimes NOT ). This is an issue that may bother society, that’s why there stays a special requirement to accurately consider the ethical and safety aspects of each individual IGEM project.</p><br />
</p>In order to get a feeling of how society views genetic engineering, synthetic biology, the competition and our project in particular we conducted a small survey among young people of age 22-30, of German or other origin (ratio of about 1:1). </p><br />
<br />
</p>You can follow us through the questions... and comments (Time for FUN) </p><br />
<br />
</p></p><br />
</p> <B>1. Do you regard genetic engineering as an absolute necessity for scientific research?</B> </p> <br />
</p>-YES -NO</p> <br />
</p> <i> About 90% answered yes which is actually the only right answer. Biology can’t move forward without making mutants. At least this is the current state </i> </p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p> <B>2. Grade the areas below according to the need for approaches involving genetic engineering (you can use marks from 1 to 5, repeating marks allowed): </B> </p> <br />
</p>-medicine (research and therapy)</p><br />
</p>-environmental applications (e.g. fighting pollution, extracting salts from soil other)</p><br />
</p>-farming</p><br />
</p>-industry and energy</p><br />
</p>-other (you can also give your own application area)</p><br />
</p> <i> Scores distributed approximately equally with most for medicine and least for farming. For us, It is hard to decide which ones are the most important but we are also for health and long life (pure egoists) </i> </p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p><B> 3. Is there an order for you in terms of ethics regarding gene manipulation performed on bacteria, plants, animals (except humans)? If yes give a score for each group (1 is least ethical).</B></p><br />
</p>-YES -NO</p><br />
</p>-Bacteria -Plants A-nimals </p><br />
</p> <i> Least ethical for animals but nobody cares how would a bacteria feel like. </i> </p><br />
</p><B>4. Could you list one or two main potential risks (for health, environment) arising from the use of genetically modified organisms. </B></p><br />
</p>-for health:</p><br />
</p>-for environment:</p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p> <i> Most of the answers were too general and focused around the words “uncontrolled”, “unpredictable” and “side effects”. Did Hollywood have its contribution? </i> </p><br />
</p> <B>5. Synthetic biology represents the design and construction of new biological entities such as enzymes, genetic circuits, and cells, or the redesign of existing biological systems for a specific use. Do you think there are any ethical restrictions to practicing it? </B> </p><br />
</p>-YES -NO</p> <br />
</p> <i> More than 70 % think there ARE ethical restrictions. Oh yes, there are! Ask Craig Venter.</i> </p><br />
</p> <B> 6. If yes do you think the potential advantages are overweighting the possible ethical problems. </B> </p><br />
</p>-YES -NO</p><br />
</p> <i> About 56% from the entire pool answered yes. Surely yes, but maybe we are to mad about IGEM for our opinion to be trusted.</i> </p><br />
</p> <B> 7. How would you regard deliberate synthetic biology competitions among undergraduate students which include designing of genetically modified organisms with the aim to find solutions to various global problems. </B> </p><br />
</p>-I approve -I disapprove </p><br />
</p> <i> 78% approved. Niiiice! We skipped telling that the team members SHOULD HAVE FUN doing their bacteria-Frankensteins! After all, it is kind of internal information. Still we have to be careful when walking home since there are 12% left which not really agree. Maybe we shouldn’t have weared all this time the IGEM badge?! </i> </p><br />
</p> <B> Do you think the outcome is greater than the risks?</B> </p><br />
</p>-YES -NO</p><br />
</p> <i> 87% think yes </i> </p><br />
</p> <B> 9. Do you think that creation of bacterial based biosensors for testing isolated blood samples from humans for certain diseases is in contradiction with any known moral rules or is posing any significant risks? </B> </p><br />
</p>-YES -NO</p><br />
</p>If Yes, please list some of them</p><br />
</p> <i>97% answered NO (except 1 person). </i> </p><br />
</p> <i> As expected! if it was a YES, we would have sent our T-shirts to the Jamboree (they are nice ) or would have faked the answer to this question or would have deleted it at all. But no, IT IS HERE.<br />
Regarding the risks, I can only imagine glowing intestines, but don’t think too much over this… (these poor lab bacteria can’t leave their juicy LB)</i>.</p><br />
</p> <B> 10. If such biosensor systems would be much more sensitive than some of the currently used detection techniques and could make a big difference to the efficiency of disease diagnosis, would you grant its massive use along with the already established detection methods (considering that it is a transgenic organism)? </B> </p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p> <i> 95% Yes. Straight way to thinking about a business </i> </p><br />
</p> <B>GO, IGEMolution! (our official phrase during the Bioolympics event , copyrighted, you can’t use it without permission) </B></p><br />
<br />
<br />
</p><br />
</div><br />
</body><br />
</html><br />
<br />
[[Category:BIOTEC Dresden/Safety]]<br />
{{Biotec_Dresden/Bottom}}</div>Vyctoryohttp://2010.igem.org/Team:BIOTEC_Dresden/EthicsTeam:BIOTEC Dresden/Ethics2010-10-26T19:07:59Z<p>Vyctoryo: </p>
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<h2>Ethics</h2><br />
</p> Nowadays the production and use of genetically modified organisms (GMO’s) let them be plants, animals or anything else are viewed with big precaution by most societies. There are multiple reasons why people are not accepting this products some of them accompanied by sound scientific arguments, whereas others by wrong understanding and fears fuelled by mass-media. </p><br />
</p>On one hand the people having nothing in common with biological sciences do not always know all the scientific background behind the problem, on the other hand, “bio people” in knowledge of the problem may be considered biased because their profession is their source of income, respect, it is also their belief and future. As society and science looks for compromise, there is a big effort all over the world to create the legislative frame which will ensure the careful manipulation of GMO’s in environment, medicine, industry. </p><br />
</p>Synthetic biology is also about genetic manipulation – combining genes or fragments of genes from all kinds of life forms, modifying them in order to produce enhanced organisms able to be used for the sake of the mankind. Regardless of how noble the aims can be, it is necessary to consider the ethical questions arising from it.</p><br />
</p>In the middle of all this fuss about gene manipulation here comes a synthetic biology competition among STUDENTS !! which offers the chance to apply into practice ambitious concepts derived from their imagination (which is sometimes OK and sometimes NOT ). This is an issue that may bother society, that’s why there stays a special requirement to accurately consider the ethical and safety aspects of each individual IGEM project.</p><br />
</p>In order to get a feeling of how society views genetic engineering, synthetic biology, the competition and our project in particular we conducted a small survey among young people of age 22-30, of German or other origin (ratio of about 1:1). </p><br />
<br />
</p>You can follow us through the questions... and comments (Time for FUN) </p><br />
<br />
</p></p><br />
</p> <B>1. Do you regard genetic engineering as an absolute necessity for scientific research?</B> </p> <br />
</p>-YES -NO</p> <br />
</p> <i> About 90% answered yes which is actually the only right answer. Biology can’t move forward without making mutants. At least this is the current state </i> </p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p> <B>2. Grade the areas below according to the need for approaches involving genetic engineering (you can use marks from 1 to 5, repeating marks allowed): </B> </p> <br />
</p>-medicine (research and therapy)</p><br />
</p>-environmental applications (e.g. fighting pollution, extracting salts from soil other)</p><br />
</p>-farming</p><br />
</p>-industry and energy</p><br />
</p>-other (you can also give your own application area)</p><br />
</p>Scores distributed approximately equally with most for medicine and least for farming. For us, It is hard to decide which ones are the most important but we are also for health and long life (pure egoists)</p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p><B> 3. Is there an order for you in terms of ethics regarding gene manipulation performed on bacteria, plants, animals (except humans)? If yes give a score for each group (1 is least ethical).</B></p><br />
</p>-YES -NO</p><br />
</p>-Bacteria -Plants A-nimals </p><br />
</p>Least ethical for animals but nobody cares how would a bacteria feel like. </p><br />
</p><B>4. Could you list one or two main potential risks (for health, environment) arising from the use of genetically modified organisms. </B></p><br />
</p>-for health:</p><br />
</p>-for environment:</p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p>Most of the answers were too general and focused around the words “uncontrolled”, “unpredictable” and “side effects”. Did Hollywood have its contribution? </p><br />
</p> <B>5. Synthetic biology represents the design and construction of new biological entities such as enzymes, genetic circuits, and cells, or the redesign of existing biological systems for a specific use. Do you think there are any ethical restrictions to practicing it? </B> </p><br />
</p>-YES -NO</p> <br />
</p>More than 70 % think there ARE ethical restrictions. Oh yes, there are! Ask Craig Venter.</p><br />
</p> <B> 6. If yes do you think the potential advantages are overweighting the possible ethical problems. </B> </p><br />
</p>-YES -NO</p><br />
</p>About 56% from the entire pool answered yes. Surely yes, but maybe we are to mad about IGEM for our opinion to be trusted.</p><br />
</p> <B> 7. How would you regard deliberate synthetic biology competitions among undergraduate students which include designing of genetically modified organisms with the aim to find solutions to various global problems. </B> </p><br />
</p>-I approve -I disapprove </p><br />
</p>78% approved. Niiiice! We skipped telling that the team members SHOULD HAVE FUN doing their bacteria-Frankensteins! After all, it is kind of internal information. Still we have to be careful when walking home since there are 12% left which not really agree. Maybe we shouldn’t have weared all this time the IGEM badge?!</p><br />
</p> <B> Do you think the outcome is greater than the risks?</B> </p><br />
</p>-YES -NO</p><br />
</p> 87% think yes </p><br />
</p> <B> 9. Do you think that creation of bacterial based biosensors for testing isolated blood samples from humans for certain diseases is in contradiction with any known moral rules or is posing any significant risks? </B> </p><br />
</p>-YES -NO</p><br />
</p>If Yes, please list some of them</p><br />
</p>97% answered NO (except 1 person). </p><br />
</p>As expected! if it was a YES, we would have sent our T-shirts to the Jamboree (they are nice ) or would have faked the answer to this question or would have deleted it at all. But no, IT IS HERE.<br />
Regarding the risks, I can only imagine glowing intestines, but don’t think too much over this… (these poor lab bacteria can’t leave their juicy LB).</p><br />
</p> <B> 10. If such biosensor systems would be much more sensitive than some of the currently used detection techniques and could make a big difference to the efficiency of disease diagnosis, would you grant its massive use along with the already established detection methods (considering that it is a transgenic organism)? </B> </p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p>95% Yes. Straight way to thinking about a business</p><br />
</p> <B>GO, IGEMolution! (our official phrase during the Bioolympics event , copyrighted, you can’t use it without permission) </B></p><br />
<br />
<br />
</p><br />
</div><br />
</body><br />
</html><br />
<br />
[[Category:BIOTEC Dresden/Safety]]<br />
{{Biotec_Dresden/Bottom}}</div>Vyctoryohttp://2010.igem.org/Team:BIOTEC_Dresden/EthicsTeam:BIOTEC Dresden/Ethics2010-10-26T19:04:47Z<p>Vyctoryo: </p>
<hr />
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<h2>Ethics</h2><br />
</p> Nowadays the production and use of genetically modified organisms (GMO’s) let them be plants, animals or anything else are viewed with big precaution by most societies. There are multiple reasons why people are not accepting this products some of them accompanied by sound scientific arguments, whereas others by wrong understanding and fears fuelled by mass-media. </p><br />
</p>On one hand the people having nothing in common with biological sciences do not always know all the scientific background behind the problem, on the other hand, “bio people” in knowledge of the problem may be considered biased because their profession is their source of income, respect, it is also their belief and future. As society and science looks for compromise, there is a big effort all over the world to create the legislative frame which will ensure the careful manipulation of GMO’s in environment, medicine, industry. </p><br />
</p>Synthetic biology is also about genetic manipulation – combining genes or fragments of genes from all kinds of life forms, modifying them in order to produce enhanced organisms able to be used for the sake of the mankind. Regardless of how noble the aims can be, it is necessary to consider the ethical questions arising from it.</p><br />
</p>In the middle of all this fuss about gene manipulation here comes a synthetic biology competition among STUDENTS !! which offers the chance to apply into practice ambitious concepts derived from their imagination (which is sometimes OK and sometimes NOT ). This is an issue that may bother society, that’s why there stays a special requirement to accurately consider the ethical and safety aspects of each individual IGEM project.</p><br />
</p>In order to get a feeling of how society views genetic engineering, synthetic biology, the competition and our project in particular we conducted a small survey among young people of age 22-30, of German or other origin (ratio of about 1:1). </p><br />
<br />
</p>You can follow us through the questions... and comments (Time for FUN) </p><br />
<br />
</p></p><br />
</p> <B>1. Do you regard genetic engineering as an absolute necessity for scientific research?</B> </p> <br />
</p>-YES -NO</p> <br />
</p>About 90% answered yes which is actually the only right answer. Biology can’t move forward without making mutants. At least this is the current state</p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p> <B>2. Grade the areas below according to the need for approaches involving genetic engineering (you can use marks from 1 to 5, repeating marks allowed): </B> </p> <br />
</p>-medicine (research and therapy)</p><br />
</p>-environmental applications (e.g. fighting pollution, extracting salts from soil other)</p><br />
</p>-farming</p><br />
</p>-industry and energy</p><br />
</p>-other (you can also give your own application area)</p><br />
</p>Scores distributed approximately equally with most for medicine and least for farming. For us, It is hard to decide which ones are the most important but we are also for health and long life (pure egoists)</p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p><B> 3. Is there an order for you in terms of ethics regarding gene manipulation performed on bacteria, plants, animals (except humans)? If yes give a score for each group (1 is least ethical).</B></p><br />
</p>-YES -NO</p><br />
</p>-Bacteria -Plants A-nimals </p><br />
</p>Least ethical for animals but nobody cares how would a bacteria feel like. </p><br />
</p><B>4. Could you list one or two main potential risks (for health, environment) arising from the use of genetically modified organisms. </B></p><br />
</p>-for health:</p><br />
</p>-for environment:</p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p>Most of the answers were too general and focused around the words “uncontrolled”, “unpredictable” and “side effects”. Did Hollywood have its contribution? </p><br />
</p> <B>5. Synthetic biology represents the design and construction of new biological entities such as enzymes, genetic circuits, and cells, or the redesign of existing biological systems for a specific use. Do you think there are any ethical restrictions to practicing it? </B> </p><br />
</p>-YES -NO</p> <br />
</p>More than 70 % think there ARE ethical restrictions. Oh yes, there are! Ask Craig Venter.</p><br />
</p> <B> 6. If yes do you think the potential advantages are overweighting the possible ethical problems. </B> </p><br />
</p>-YES -NO</p><br />
</p>About 56% from the entire pool answered yes. Surely yes, but maybe we are to mad about IGEM for our opinion to be trusted.</p><br />
</p> <B> 7. How would you regard deliberate synthetic biology competitions among undergraduate students which include designing of genetically modified organisms with the aim to find solutions to various global problems. </B> </p><br />
</p>-I approve -I disapprove </p><br />
</p>78% approved. Niiiice! We skipped telling that the team members SHOULD HAVE FUN doing their bacteria-Frankensteins! After all, it is kind of internal information. Still we have to be careful when walking home since there are 12% left which not really agree. Maybe we shouldn’t have weared all this time the IGEM badge?!</p><br />
</p> <B> Do you think the outcome is greater than the risks?</B> </p><br />
</p>-YES -NO</p><br />
</p> 87% think yes </p><br />
</p> <B> 9. Do you think that creation of bacterial based biosensors for testing isolated blood samples from humans for certain diseases is in contradiction with any known moral rules or is posing any significant risks? </B> </p><br />
</p>-YES -NO</p><br />
</p>If Yes, please list some of them</p><br />
</p>97% answered NO (except 1 person). </p><br />
</p>As expected! if it was a YES, we would have sent our T-shirts to the Jamboree (they are nice ) or would have faked the answer to this question or would have deleted it at all. But no, IT IS HERE.<br />
Regarding the risks, I can only imagine glowing intestines, but don’t think too much over this… (these poor lab bacteria can’t leave their juicy LB).</p><br />
</p> <B> 10. If such biosensor systems would be much more sensitive than some of the currently used detection techniques and could make a big difference to the efficiency of disease diagnosis, would you grant its massive use along with the already established detection methods (considering that it is a transgenic organism)? </B> </p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p>95% Yes. Straight way to thinking about a business</p><br />
</p> <B>GO, IGEMolution! (our official phrase during the Bioolympics event , copyrighted, you can’t use it without permission) </B></p><br />
<br />
<br />
</p><br />
</div><br />
</body><br />
</html><br />
<br />
[[Category:BIOTEC Dresden/Safety]]<br />
{{Biotec_Dresden/Bottom}}</div>Vyctoryohttp://2010.igem.org/Team:BIOTEC_Dresden/EthicsTeam:BIOTEC Dresden/Ethics2010-10-26T18:49:04Z<p>Vyctoryo: </p>
<hr />
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<div id="content_prim"><br />
<h2>Ethics</h2><br />
</p> Nowadays the production and use of genetically modified organisms (GMO’s) let them be plants, animals or anything else are viewed with big precaution by most societies. There are multiple reasons why people are not accepting this products some of them accompanied by sound scientific arguments, whereas others by wrong understanding and fears fuelled by mass-media. </p><br />
</p>On one hand the people having nothing in common with biological sciences do not always know all the scientific background behind the problem, on the other hand, “bio people” in knowledge of the problem may be considered biased because their profession is their source of income, respect, it is also their belief and future. As society and science looks for compromise, there is a big effort all over the world to create the legislative frame which will ensure the careful manipulation of GMO’s in environment, medicine, industry. </p><br />
</p>Synthetic biology is also about genetic manipulation – combining genes or fragments of genes from all kinds of life forms, modifying them in order to produce enhanced organisms able to be used for the sake of the mankind. Regardless of how noble the aims can be, it is necessary to consider the ethical questions arising from it.</p><br />
</p>In the middle of all this fuss about gene manipulation here comes a synthetic biology competition among STUDENTS !! which offers the chance to apply into practice ambitious concepts derived from their imagination (which is sometimes OK and sometimes NOT ). This is an issue that may bother society, that’s why there stays a special requirement to accurately consider the ethical and safety aspects of each individual IGEM project.</p><br />
</p>In order to get a feeling of how society views genetic engineering, synthetic biology, the competition and our project in particular we conducted a small survey among young people of age 22-30, of German or other origin (ratio of about 1:1). </p><br />
<br />
</p>You can follow us through the questions... and comments (Time for FUN) </p><br />
<br />
</p></p><br />
</p> <B>1. Do you regard genetic engineering as an absolute necessity for scientific research?</B> </p> <br />
</p>-YES -NO</p> <br />
</p>About 90% answered yes which is actually the only right answer. Biology can’t move forward without making mutants. At least this is the current state</p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p> <B>2. Grade the areas below according to the need for approaches involving genetic engineering (you can use marks from 1 to 5, repeating marks allowed): </B> </p> <br />
</p>-medicine (research and therapy)</p><br />
</p>-environmental applications (e.g. fighting pollution, extracting salts from soil other)</p><br />
</p>-farming</p><br />
</p>-industry and energy</p><br />
</p>-other (you can also give your own application area)</p><br />
</p>Scores distributed approximately equally with most for medicine and least for farming. For us, It is hard to decide which ones are the most important but we are also for health and long life (pure egoists)</p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p><B> 3. Is there an order for you in terms of ethics regarding gene manipulation performed on bacteria, plants, animals (except humans)? If yes give a score for each group (1 is least ethical).</B></p><br />
</p>-YES -NO</p><br />
</p>-Bacteria -Plants A-nimals </p><br />
</p>Least ethical for animals but nobody cares how would a bacteria feel like. </p><br />
</p><B>4. Could you list one or two main potential risks (for health, environment) arising from the use of genetically modified organisms. </B></p><br />
</p>-for health:</p><br />
</p>-for environment:</p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p>Most of the answers were too general and focused around the words “uncontrolled”, “unpredictable” and “side effects”. Did Hollywood have its contribution? </p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p></p><br />
<br />
<B> </B><br />
<br />
</p><br />
</div><br />
</body><br />
</html><br />
<br />
[[Category:BIOTEC Dresden/Safety]]<br />
{{Biotec_Dresden/Bottom}}</div>Vyctoryohttp://2010.igem.org/Team:BIOTEC_Dresden/EthicsTeam:BIOTEC Dresden/Ethics2010-10-26T18:47:22Z<p>Vyctoryo: </p>
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<body><br />
<div id="content_prim"><br />
<h2>Ethics</h2><br />
</p> Nowadays the production and use of genetically modified organisms (GMO’s) let them be plants, animals or anything else are viewed with big precaution by most societies. There are multiple reasons why people are not accepting this products some of them accompanied by sound scientific arguments, whereas others by wrong understanding and fears fuelled by mass-media. </p><br />
</p>On one hand the people having nothing in common with biological sciences do not always know all the scientific background behind the problem, on the other hand, “bio people” in knowledge of the problem may be considered biased because their profession is their source of income, respect, it is also their belief and future. As society and science looks for compromise, there is a big effort all over the world to create the legislative frame which will ensure the careful manipulation of GMO’s in environment, medicine, industry. </p><br />
</p>Synthetic biology is also about genetic manipulation – combining genes or fragments of genes from all kinds of life forms, modifying them in order to produce enhanced organisms able to be used for the sake of the mankind. Regardless of how noble the aims can be, it is necessary to consider the ethical questions arising from it.</p><br />
</p>In the middle of all this fuss about gene manipulation here comes a synthetic biology competition among STUDENTS !! which offers the chance to apply into practice ambitious concepts derived from their imagination (which is sometimes OK and sometimes NOT ). This is an issue that may bother society, that’s why there stays a special requirement to accurately consider the ethical and safety aspects of each individual IGEM project.</p><br />
</p>In order to get a feeling of how society views genetic engineering, synthetic biology, the competition and our project in particular we conducted a small survey among young people of age 22-30, of German or other origin (ratio of about 1:1). </p><br />
<br />
</p>You can follow us through the questions... and comments (Time for FUN) </p><br />
<br />
</p></p><br />
</p> <B>1. Do you regard genetic engineering as an absolute necessity for scientific research?</B> </p> <br />
</p>-YES -NO</p> <br />
</p>About 90% answered yes which is actually the only right answer. Biology can’t move forward without making mutants. At least this is the current state</p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p> <B>2. Grade the areas below according to the need for approaches involving genetic engineering (you can use marks from 1 to 5, repeating marks allowed): </B> </p> <br />
</p>medicine (research and therapy)</p><br />
</p>environmental applications (e.g. fighting pollution, extracting salts from soil other)</p><br />
</p>farming</p><br />
</p>industry and energy</p><br />
</p>other (you can also give your own application area)</p><br />
</p>Scores distributed approximately equally with most for medicine and least for farming. For us, It is hard to decide which ones are the most important but we are also for health and long life (pure egoists)</p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p><B> 3. Is there an order for you in terms of ethics regarding gene manipulation performed on bacteria, plants, animals (except humans)? If yes give a score for each group (1 is least ethical).</B></p><br />
</p>-YES -NO</p><br />
</p>-Bacteria -Plants A-nimals </p><br />
</p>Least ethical for animals but nobody cares how would a bacteria feel like. </p><br />
</p><B>4. Could you list one or two main potential risks (for health, environment) arising from the use of genetically modified organisms. </B></p><br />
</p>for health:</p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p>for environment:</p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p>Most of the answers were too general and focused around the words “uncontrolled”, “unpredictable” and “side effects”. Did Hollywood have its contribution? </p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p></p><br />
<br />
<B> </B><br />
<br />
</p><br />
</div><br />
</body><br />
</html><br />
<br />
[[Category:BIOTEC Dresden/Safety]]<br />
{{Biotec_Dresden/Bottom}}</div>Vyctoryohttp://2010.igem.org/Team:BIOTEC_Dresden/EthicsTeam:BIOTEC Dresden/Ethics2010-10-26T18:45:36Z<p>Vyctoryo: </p>
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<body><br />
<br />
<html><br />
<body><br />
<div id="content_prim"><br />
<h2>Ethics</h2><br />
</p> Nowadays the production and use of genetically modified organisms (GMO’s) let them be plants, animals or anything else are viewed with big precaution by most societies. There are multiple reasons why people are not accepting this products some of them accompanied by sound scientific arguments, whereas others by wrong understanding and fears fuelled by mass-media. </p><br />
</p>On one hand the people having nothing in common with biological sciences do not always know all the scientific background behind the problem, on the other hand, “bio people” in knowledge of the problem may be considered biased because their profession is their source of income, respect, it is also their belief and future. As society and science looks for compromise, there is a big effort all over the world to create the legislative frame which will ensure the careful manipulation of GMO’s in environment, medicine, industry. </p><br />
</p>Synthetic biology is also about genetic manipulation – combining genes or fragments of genes from all kinds of life forms, modifying them in order to produce enhanced organisms able to be used for the sake of the mankind. Regardless of how noble the aims can be, it is necessary to consider the ethical questions arising from it.</p><br />
</p>In the middle of all this fuss about gene manipulation here comes a synthetic biology competition among STUDENTS !! which offers the chance to apply into practice ambitious concepts derived from their imagination (which is sometimes OK and sometimes NOT ). This is an issue that may bother society, that’s why there stays a special requirement to accurately consider the ethical and safety aspects of each individual IGEM project.</p><br />
</p>In order to get a feeling of how society views genetic engineering, synthetic biology, the competition and our project in particular we conducted a small survey among young people of age 22-30, of German or other origin (ratio of about 1:1). </p><br />
<br />
</p>You can follow us through the questions... and comments (Time for FUN) </p><br />
<br />
</p> <B>1. ''' Do you regard genetic engineering as an absolute necessity for scientific research?'''</B> </p> <br />
</p>-YES -NO</p> <br />
</p>About 90% answered yes which is actually the only right answer. Biology can’t move forward without making mutants. At least this is the current state</p><br />
</p> <B>2. Grade the areas below according to the need for approaches involving genetic engineering (you can use marks from 1 to 5, repeating marks allowed): </B> </p> <br />
</p>medicine (research and therapy)</p><br />
</p>environmental applications (e.g. fighting pollution, extracting salts from soil other)</p><br />
</p>farming</p><br />
</p>industry and energy</p><br />
</p>other (you can also give your own application area)</p><br />
</p>Scores distributed approximately equally with most for medicine and least for farming. For us, It is hard to decide which ones are the most important but we are also for health and long life (pure egoists)</p><br />
</p><B> 3. Is there an order for you in terms of ethics regarding gene manipulation performed on bacteria, plants, animals (except humans)? If yes give a score for each group (1 is least ethical).</B></p><br />
</p>-YES -NO</p><br />
</p>-Bacteria -Plants A-nimals </p><br />
</p>Least ethical for animals but nobody cares how would a bacteria feel like. </p><br />
</p><B>4. Could you list one or two main potential risks (for health, environment) arising from the use of genetically modified organisms. </B></p><br />
</p>for health:</p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p>for environment:</p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p>Most of the answers were too general and focused around the words “uncontrolled”, “unpredictable” and “side effects”. Did Hollywood have its contribution? </p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p></p><br />
<br />
<B> </B><br />
<br />
</p><br />
</div><br />
</body><br />
</html><br />
<br />
[[Category:BIOTEC Dresden/Safety]]<br />
{{Biotec_Dresden/Bottom}}</div>Vyctoryohttp://2010.igem.org/Team:BIOTEC_Dresden/EthicsTeam:BIOTEC Dresden/Ethics2010-10-26T18:38:40Z<p>Vyctoryo: </p>
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<br />
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<body><br />
<div id="content_prim"><br />
<h2>Ethics</h2><br />
</p> Nowadays the production and use of genetically modified organisms (GMO’s) let them be plants, animals or anything else are viewed with big precaution by most societies. There are multiple reasons why people are not accepting this products some of them accompanied by sound scientific arguments, whereas others by wrong understanding and fears fuelled by mass-media. </p><br />
</p>On one hand the people having nothing in common with biological sciences do not always know all the scientific background behind the problem, on the other hand, “bio people” in knowledge of the problem may be considered biased because their profession is their source of income, respect, it is also their belief and future. As society and science looks for compromise, there is a big effort all over the world to create the legislative frame which will ensure the careful manipulation of GMO’s in environment, medicine, industry. </p><br />
</p>Synthetic biology is also about genetic manipulation – combining genes or fragments of genes from all kinds of life forms, modifying them in order to produce enhanced organisms able to be used for the sake of the mankind. Regardless of how noble the aims can be, it is necessary to consider the ethical questions arising from it.</p><br />
</p>In the middle of all this fuss about gene manipulation here comes a synthetic biology competition among STUDENTS !! which offers the chance to apply into practice ambitious concepts derived from their imagination (which is sometimes OK and sometimes NOT ). This is an issue that may bother society, that’s why there stays a special requirement to accurately consider the ethical and safety aspects of each individual IGEM project.</p><br />
</p>In order to get a feeling of how society views genetic engineering, synthetic biology, the competition and our project in particular we conducted a small survey among young people of age 22-30, of German or other origin (ratio of about 1:1). </p><br />
<br />
</p>You can follow us through the questions... and comments (Time for FUN) </p><br />
<br />
</p>1. ''' Do you regard genetic engineering as an absolute necessity for scientific research?'''</p> <br />
</p>-YES -NO</p> <br />
</p>About 90% answered yes which is actually the only right answer. Biology can’t move forward without making mutants. At least this is the current state</p><br />
</p> <B>2. Grade the areas below according to the need for approaches involving genetic engineering (you can use marks from 1 to 5, repeating marks allowed): </B> </p> <br />
</p></p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p></p><br />
<br />
<br />
</p><br />
</div><br />
</body><br />
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[[Category:BIOTEC Dresden/Safety]]<br />
{{Biotec_Dresden/Bottom}}</div>Vyctoryohttp://2010.igem.org/Team:BIOTEC_Dresden/EthicsTeam:BIOTEC Dresden/Ethics2010-10-26T18:38:05Z<p>Vyctoryo: </p>
<hr />
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<div id="content_prim"><br />
<h2>Ethics</h2><br />
</p> Nowadays the production and use of genetically modified organisms (GMO’s) let them be plants, animals or anything else are viewed with big precaution by most societies. There are multiple reasons why people are not accepting this products some of them accompanied by sound scientific arguments, whereas others by wrong understanding and fears fuelled by mass-media. </p><br />
</p>On one hand the people having nothing in common with biological sciences do not always know all the scientific background behind the problem, on the other hand, “bio people” in knowledge of the problem may be considered biased because their profession is their source of income, respect, it is also their belief and future. As society and science looks for compromise, there is a big effort all over the world to create the legislative frame which will ensure the careful manipulation of GMO’s in environment, medicine, industry. </p><br />
</p>Synthetic biology is also about genetic manipulation – combining genes or fragments of genes from all kinds of life forms, modifying them in order to produce enhanced organisms able to be used for the sake of the mankind. Regardless of how noble the aims can be, it is necessary to consider the ethical questions arising from it.</p><br />
</p>In the middle of all this fuss about gene manipulation here comes a synthetic biology competition among STUDENTS !! which offers the chance to apply into practice ambitious concepts derived from their imagination (which is sometimes OK and sometimes NOT ). This is an issue that may bother society, that’s why there stays a special requirement to accurately consider the ethical and safety aspects of each individual IGEM project.</p><br />
</p>In order to get a feeling of how society views genetic engineering, synthetic biology, the competition and our project in particular we conducted a small survey among young people of age 22-30, of German or other origin (ratio of about 1:1). </p><br />
<br />
</p>You can follow us through the questions... and comments (Time for FUN) </p><br />
<br />
</p>1. ''' Do you regard genetic engineering as an absolute necessity for scientific research?'''</p> <br />
</p>-YES -NO</p> <br />
</p>About 90% answered yes which is actually the only right answer. Biology can’t move forward without making mutants. At least this is the current state</p><br />
</p> </B>2. Grade the areas below according to the need for approaches involving genetic engineering (you can use marks from 1 to 5, repeating marks allowed): </B> </p> <br />
</p></p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p></p><br />
<br />
<br />
</p><br />
</div><br />
</body><br />
</html><br />
<br />
[[Category:BIOTEC Dresden/Safety]]<br />
{{Biotec_Dresden/Bottom}}</div>Vyctoryohttp://2010.igem.org/Team:BIOTEC_Dresden/EthicsTeam:BIOTEC Dresden/Ethics2010-10-26T18:36:24Z<p>Vyctoryo: </p>
<hr />
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<br />
<html><br />
<body><br />
<div id="content_prim"><br />
<h2>Ethics</h2><br />
</p> Nowadays the production and use of genetically modified organisms (GMO’s) let them be plants, animals or anything else are viewed with big precaution by most societies. There are multiple reasons why people are not accepting this products some of them accompanied by sound scientific arguments, whereas others by wrong understanding and fears fuelled by mass-media. </p><br />
</p>On one hand the people having nothing in common with biological sciences do not always know all the scientific background behind the problem, on the other hand, “bio people” in knowledge of the problem may be considered biased because their profession is their source of income, respect, it is also their belief and future. As society and science looks for compromise, there is a big effort all over the world to create the legislative frame which will ensure the careful manipulation of GMO’s in environment, medicine, industry. </p><br />
</p>Synthetic biology is also about genetic manipulation – combining genes or fragments of genes from all kinds of life forms, modifying them in order to produce enhanced organisms able to be used for the sake of the mankind. Regardless of how noble the aims can be, it is necessary to consider the ethical questions arising from it.</p><br />
</p>In the middle of all this fuss about gene manipulation here comes a synthetic biology competition among STUDENTS !! which offers the chance to apply into practice ambitious concepts derived from their imagination (which is sometimes OK and sometimes NOT ). This is an issue that may bother society, that’s why there stays a special requirement to accurately consider the ethical and safety aspects of each individual IGEM project.</p><br />
</p>In order to get a feeling of how society views genetic engineering, synthetic biology, the competition and our project in particular we conducted a small survey among young people of age 22-30, of German or other origin (ratio of about 1:1). </p><br />
<br />
</p>You can follow us through the questions... and comments (Time for FUN) </p><br />
<br />
</p>1. ''' Do you regard genetic engineering as an absolute necessity for scientific research?'''</p> <br />
</p>-YES -NO</p> <br />
</p>About 90% answered yes which is actually the only right answer. Biology can’t move forward without making mutants. At least this is the current state</p><br />
</p> </b>2. Grade the areas below according to the need for approaches involving genetic engineering (you can use marks from 1 to 5, repeating marks allowed): </b> </p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p></p><br />
<br />
<br />
</p><br />
</div><br />
</body><br />
</html><br />
<br />
[[Category:BIOTEC Dresden/Safety]]<br />
{{Biotec_Dresden/Bottom}}</div>Vyctoryohttp://2010.igem.org/Team:BIOTEC_Dresden/EthicsTeam:BIOTEC Dresden/Ethics2010-10-26T18:35:09Z<p>Vyctoryo: </p>
<hr />
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<script type="text/javascript" src="http://endo.bio.tu-dresden.de/igem/scripthost/fancybox/jquery.easing-1.3.pack.js"></script><br />
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<div id="content_prim"><br />
<h2>Ethics</h2><br />
</p> Nowadays the production and use of genetically modified organisms (GMO’s) let them be plants, animals or anything else are viewed with big precaution by most societies. There are multiple reasons why people are not accepting this products some of them accompanied by sound scientific arguments, whereas others by wrong understanding and fears fuelled by mass-media. </p><br />
</p>On one hand the people having nothing in common with biological sciences do not always know all the scientific background behind the problem, on the other hand, “bio people” in knowledge of the problem may be considered biased because their profession is their source of income, respect, it is also their belief and future. As society and science looks for compromise, there is a big effort all over the world to create the legislative frame which will ensure the careful manipulation of GMO’s in environment, medicine, industry. </p><br />
</p>Synthetic biology is also about genetic manipulation – combining genes or fragments of genes from all kinds of life forms, modifying them in order to produce enhanced organisms able to be used for the sake of the mankind. Regardless of how noble the aims can be, it is necessary to consider the ethical questions arising from it.</p><br />
</p>In the middle of all this fuss about gene manipulation here comes a synthetic biology competition among STUDENTS !! which offers the chance to apply into practice ambitious concepts derived from their imagination (which is sometimes OK and sometimes NOT ). This is an issue that may bother society, that’s why there stays a special requirement to accurately consider the ethical and safety aspects of each individual IGEM project.</p><br />
</p>In order to get a feeling of how society views genetic engineering, synthetic biology, the competition and our project in particular we conducted a small survey among young people of age 22-30, of German or other origin (ratio of about 1:1). </p><br />
<br />
</p>You can follow us through the questions... and comments (Time for FUN) </p><br />
<br />
</p>1. ''' Do you regard genetic engineering as an absolute necessity for scientific research?'''</p> <br />
</p>-YES -NO</p> <br />
</p>About 90% answered yes which is actually the only right answer. Biology can’t move forward without making mutants. At least this is the current state</p><br />
</p>'''2. Grade the areas below according to the need for approaches involving genetic engineering (you can use marks from 1 to 5, repeating marks allowed)''': </p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p></p><br />
<br />
<br />
</p><br />
</div><br />
</body><br />
</html><br />
<br />
[[Category:BIOTEC Dresden/Safety]]<br />
{{Biotec_Dresden/Bottom}}</div>Vyctoryohttp://2010.igem.org/Team:BIOTEC_Dresden/EthicsTeam:BIOTEC Dresden/Ethics2010-10-26T18:34:03Z<p>Vyctoryo: </p>
<hr />
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<script type="text/javascript" src="http://endo.bio.tu-dresden.de/igem/scripthost/fancybox/jquery.easing-1.3.pack.js"></script><br />
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<html><br />
<body><br />
<div id="content_prim"><br />
<h2>Ethics</h2><br />
</p> Nowadays the production and use of genetically modified organisms (GMO’s) let them be plants, animals or anything else are viewed with big precaution by most societies. There are multiple reasons why people are not accepting this products some of them accompanied by sound scientific arguments, whereas others by wrong understanding and fears fuelled by mass-media. </p><br />
</p>On one hand the people having nothing in common with biological sciences do not always know all the scientific background behind the problem, on the other hand, “bio people” in knowledge of the problem may be considered biased because their profession is their source of income, respect, it is also their belief and future. As society and science looks for compromise, there is a big effort all over the world to create the legislative frame which will ensure the careful manipulation of GMO’s in environment, medicine, industry. </p><br />
</p>Synthetic biology is also about genetic manipulation – combining genes or fragments of genes from all kinds of life forms, modifying them in order to produce enhanced organisms able to be used for the sake of the mankind. Regardless of how noble the aims can be, it is necessary to consider the ethical questions arising from it.</p><br />
</p>In the middle of all this fuss about gene manipulation here comes a synthetic biology competition among STUDENTS !! which offers the chance to apply into practice ambitious concepts derived from their imagination (which is sometimes OK and sometimes NOT ). This is an issue that may bother society, that’s why there stays a special requirement to accurately consider the ethical and safety aspects of each individual IGEM project.</p><br />
</p>In order to get a feeling of how society views genetic engineering, synthetic biology, the competition and our project in particular we conducted a small survey among young people of age 22-30, of German or other origin (ratio of about 1:1). </p><br />
<br />
</p>You can follow us through the questions... and comments (Time for FUN) </p><br />
<br />
</p>1. Do you regard genetic engineering as an absolute necessity for scientific research?</p> <br />
</p>-YES -NO</p> <br />
</p>About 90% answered yes which is actually the only right answer. Biology can’t move forward without making mutants. At least this is the current state</p><br />
</p>2. Grade the areas below according to the need for approaches involving genetic engineering (you can use marks from 1 to 5, repeating marks allowed): </p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p></p><br />
<br />
<br />
</p><br />
</div><br />
</body><br />
</html><br />
<br />
[[Category:BIOTEC Dresden/Safety]]<br />
{{Biotec_Dresden/Bottom}}</div>Vyctoryohttp://2010.igem.org/Team:BIOTEC_Dresden/EthicsTeam:BIOTEC Dresden/Ethics2010-10-26T18:31:47Z<p>Vyctoryo: </p>
<hr />
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<script type="text/javascript" src="http://endo.bio.tu-dresden.de/igem/scripthost/fancybox/jquery.easing-1.3.pack.js"></script><br />
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</head><br />
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<html><br />
<body><br />
<div id="content_prim"><br />
<h2>Ethics</h2><br />
</p> Nowadays the production and use of genetically modified organisms (GMO’s) let them be plants, animals or anything else are viewed with big precaution by most societies. There are multiple reasons why people are not accepting this products some of them accompanied by sound scientific arguments, whereas others by wrong understanding and fears fuelled by mass-media. </p><br />
</p>On one hand the people having nothing in common with biological sciences do not always know all the scientific background behind the problem, on the other hand, “bio people” in knowledge of the problem may be considered biased because their profession is their source of income, respect, it is also their belief and future. As society and science looks for compromise, there is a big effort all over the world to create the legislative frame which will ensure the careful manipulation of GMO’s in environment, medicine, industry. </p><br />
</p>Synthetic biology is also about genetic manipulation – combining genes or fragments of genes from all kinds of life forms, modifying them in order to produce enhanced organisms able to be used for the sake of the mankind. Regardless of how noble the aims can be, it is necessary to consider the ethical questions arising from it.</p><br />
</p>In the middle of all this fuss about gene manipulation here comes a synthetic biology competition among STUDENTS !! which offers the chance to apply into practice ambitious concepts derived from their imagination (which is sometimes OK and sometimes NOT ). This is an issue that may bother society, that’s why there stays a special requirement to accurately consider the ethical and safety aspects of each individual IGEM project.</p><br />
</p>In order to get a feeling of how society views genetic engineering, synthetic biology, the competition and our project in particular we conducted a small survey among young people of age 22-30, of German or other origin (ratio of about 1:1). </p><br />
<br />
</p>You can follow us through the questions... and comments (Time for FUN) </p><br />
<br />
</p>1. Do you regard genetic engineering as an absolute necessity for scientific research?</p> <br />
</p>-YES -NO</p> <br />
</p></p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p></p><br />
<br />
<br />
</p><br />
</div><br />
</body><br />
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<br />
[[Category:BIOTEC Dresden/Safety]]<br />
{{Biotec_Dresden/Bottom}}</div>Vyctoryohttp://2010.igem.org/Team:BIOTEC_Dresden/EthicsTeam:BIOTEC Dresden/Ethics2010-10-26T18:30:51Z<p>Vyctoryo: </p>
<hr />
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</head><br />
<body><br />
<br />
<html><br />
<body><br />
<div id="content_prim"><br />
<h2>Ethics</h2><br />
</p> Nowadays the production and use of genetically modified organisms (GMO’s) let them be plants, animals or anything else are viewed with big precaution by most societies. There are multiple reasons why people are not accepting this products some of them accompanied by sound scientific arguments, whereas others by wrong understanding and fears fuelled by mass-media. </p><br />
</p>On one hand the people having nothing in common with biological sciences do not always know all the scientific background behind the problem, on the other hand, “bio people” in knowledge of the problem may be considered biased because their profession is their source of income, respect, it is also their belief and future. As society and science looks for compromise, there is a big effort all over the world to create the legislative frame which will ensure the careful manipulation of GMO’s in environment, medicine, industry. </p><br />
</p>Synthetic biology is also about genetic manipulation – combining genes or fragments of genes from all kinds of life forms, modifying them in order to produce enhanced organisms able to be used for the sake of the mankind. Regardless of how noble the aims can be, it is necessary to consider the ethical questions arising from it.</p><br />
</p>In the middle of all this fuss about gene manipulation here comes a synthetic biology competition among STUDENTS !! which offers the chance to apply into practice ambitious concepts derived from their imagination (which is sometimes OK and sometimes NOT ). This is an issue that may bother society, that’s why there stays a special requirement to accurately consider the ethical and safety aspects of each individual IGEM project.</p><br />
</p>In order to get a feeling of how society views genetic engineering, synthetic biology, the competition and our project in particular we conducted a small survey among young people of age 22-30, of German or other origin (ratio of about 1:1). </p><br />
<br />
</p>You can follow us through the questions... and comments (Time for FUN) </p><br />
<br />
</p>1. Do you regard genetic engineering as an absolute necessity for scientific research?</p> <br />
</p>YES NO</p> <br />
</p></p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p></p><br />
</p></p><br />
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</p></p><br />
</p></p><br />
<br />
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</p><br />
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</body><br />
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<br />
[[Category:BIOTEC Dresden/Safety]]<br />
{{Biotec_Dresden/Bottom}}</div>Vyctoryohttp://2010.igem.org/Team:BIOTEC_Dresden/EthicsTeam:BIOTEC Dresden/Ethics2010-10-26T18:29:37Z<p>Vyctoryo: </p>
<hr />
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<h2>Ethics</h2><br />
</p> Nowadays the production and use of genetically modified organisms (GMO’s) let them be plants, animals or anything else are viewed with big precaution by most societies. There are multiple reasons why people are not accepting this products some of them accompanied by sound scientific arguments, whereas others by wrong understanding and fears fuelled by mass-media. </p><br />
</p>On one hand the people having nothing in common with biological sciences do not always know all the scientific background behind the problem, on the other hand, “bio people” in knowledge of the problem may be considered biased because their profession is their source of income, respect, it is also their belief and future. As society and science looks for compromise, there is a big effort all over the world to create the legislative frame which will ensure the careful manipulation of GMO’s in environment, medicine, industry. </p><br />
</p>Synthetic biology is also about genetic manipulation – combining genes or fragments of genes from all kinds of life forms, modifying them in order to produce enhanced organisms able to be used for the sake of the mankind. Regardless of how noble the aims can be, it is necessary to consider the ethical questions arising from it.</p><br />
</p>In the middle of all this fuss about gene manipulation here comes a synthetic biology competition among STUDENTS !! which offers the chance to apply into practice ambitious concepts derived from their imagination (which is sometimes OK and sometimes NOT ). This is an issue that may bother society, that’s why there stays a special requirement to accurately consider the ethical and safety aspects of each individual IGEM project.</p><br />
</p>In order to get a feeling of how society views genetic engineering, synthetic biology, the competition and our project in particular we conducted a small survey among young people of age 22-30, of German or other origin (ratio of about 1:1). </p><br />
<br />
</p>You can follow us through the questions... and comments (Time for FUN) </p><br />
<br />
</p>1. Do you regard genetic engineering as an absolute necessity for scientific research? <br />
YES NO </p><br />
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[[Category:BIOTEC Dresden/Safety]]<br />
{{Biotec_Dresden/Bottom}}</div>Vyctoryohttp://2010.igem.org/Team:BIOTEC_Dresden/EthicsTeam:BIOTEC Dresden/Ethics2010-10-26T18:28:34Z<p>Vyctoryo: </p>
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<h2>Ethics</h2><br />
</p> Nowadays the production and use of genetically modified organisms (GMO’s) let them be plants, animals or anything else are viewed with big precaution by most societies. There are multiple reasons why people are not accepting this products some of them accompanied by sound scientific arguments, whereas others by wrong understanding and fears fuelled by mass-media. </p><br />
</p>On one hand the people having nothing in common with biological sciences do not always know all the scientific background behind the problem, on the other hand, “bio people” in knowledge of the problem may be considered biased because their profession is their source of income, respect, it is also their belief and future. As society and science looks for compromise, there is a big effort all over the world to create the legislative frame which will ensure the careful manipulation of GMO’s in environment, medicine, industry. </p><br />
</p>Synthetic biology is also about genetic manipulation – combining genes or fragments of genes from all kinds of life forms, modifying them in order to produce enhanced organisms able to be used for the sake of the mankind. Regardless of how noble the aims can be, it is necessary to consider the ethical questions arising from it.</p><br />
</p>In the middle of all this fuss about gene manipulation here comes a synthetic biology competition among STUDENTS !! which offers the chance to apply into practice ambitious concepts derived from their imagination (which is sometimes OK and sometimes NOT ). This is an issue that may bother society, that’s why there stays a special requirement to accurately consider the ethical and safety aspects of each individual IGEM project.</p><br />
</p>In order to get a feeling of how society views genetic engineering, synthetic biology, the competition and our project in particular we conducted a small survey among young people of age 22-30, of German or other origin (ratio of about 1:1). </p><br />
<br />
</p>You can follow us through the questions... and comments (Time for FUN) </p><br />
<br />
</p><br />
</div><br />
</body><br />
</html><br />
<br />
[[Category:BIOTEC Dresden/Safety]]<br />
{{Biotec_Dresden/Bottom}}</div>Vyctoryohttp://2010.igem.org/Team:BIOTEC_Dresden/EthicsTeam:BIOTEC Dresden/Ethics2010-10-26T18:27:39Z<p>Vyctoryo: </p>
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<div id="content_prim"><br />
<h2>Ethics</h2><br />
</p> Nowadays the production and use of genetically modified organisms (GMO’s) let them be plants, animals or anything else are viewed with big precaution by most societies. There are multiple reasons why people are not accepting this products some of them accompanied by sound scientific arguments, whereas others by wrong understanding and fears fuelled by mass-media. </p><br />
</p>On one hand the people having nothing in common with biological sciences do not always know all the scientific background behind the problem, on the other hand, “bio people” in knowledge of the problem may be considered biased because their profession is their source of income, respect, it is also their belief and future. As society and science looks for compromise, there is a big effort all over the world to create the legislative frame which will ensure the careful manipulation of GMO’s in environment, medicine, industry. </p><br />
</p>Synthetic biology is also about genetic manipulation – combining genes or fragments of genes from all kinds of life forms, modifying them in order to produce enhanced organisms able to be used for the sake of the mankind. Regardless of how noble the aims can be, it is necessary to consider the ethical questions arising from it.</p><br />
</p>In the middle of all this fuss about gene manipulation here comes a synthetic biology competition among STUDENTS !! which offers the chance to apply into practice ambitious concepts derived from their imagination (which is sometimes OK and sometimes NOT ). This is an issue that may bother society, that’s why there stays a special requirement to accurately consider the ethical and safety aspects of each individual IGEM project.</p><br />
</p>In order to get a feeling of how society views genetic engineering, synthetic biology, the competition and our project in particular we conducted a small survey among young people of age 22-30, of German or other origin (ratio of about 1:1). </p><br />
<br />
</p>You can follow us through the questions...</p><br />
<br />
</p><br />
</div><br />
</body><br />
</html><br />
<br />
[[Category:BIOTEC Dresden/Safety]]<br />
{{Biotec_Dresden/Bottom}}</div>Vyctoryohttp://2010.igem.org/Team:BIOTEC_Dresden/EthicsTeam:BIOTEC Dresden/Ethics2010-10-26T18:25:08Z<p>Vyctoryo: </p>
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<h2>Ethics</h2><br />
</p> Nowadays the production and use of genetically modified organisms (GMO’s) let them be plants, animals or anything else are viewed with big precaution by most societies. There are multiple reasons why people are not accepting this products some of them accompanied by sound scientific arguments, whereas others by wrong understanding and fears fuelled by mass-media. </p><br />
</p>On one hand the people having nothing in common with biological sciences do not always know all the scientific background behind the problem, on the other hand, “bio people” in knowledge of the problem may be considered biased because their profession is their source of income, respect, it is also their belief and future. As society and science looks for compromise, there is a big effort all over the world to create the legislative frame which will ensure the careful manipulation of GMO’s in environment, medicine, industry. </p><br />
<br />
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[[Category:BIOTEC Dresden/Safety]]<br />
{{Biotec_Dresden/Bottom}}</div>Vyctoryohttp://2010.igem.org/Team:BIOTEC_Dresden/EthicsTeam:BIOTEC Dresden/Ethics2010-10-26T18:23:06Z<p>Vyctoryo: </p>
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<h2>Ethics</h2><br />
</p> Nowadays the production and use of genetically modified organisms (GMO’s) let them be plants, animals or anything else are viewed with big precaution by most societies. There are multiple reasons why people are not accepting this products some of them accompanied by sound scientific arguments, whereas others by wrong understanding and fears fuelled by mass-media. </p><br />
<br />
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</p><br />
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[[Category:BIOTEC Dresden/Safety]]<br />
{{Biotec_Dresden/Bottom}}</div>Vyctoryohttp://2010.igem.org/Team:BIOTEC_Dresden/EthicsTeam:BIOTEC Dresden/Ethics2010-10-26T18:21:26Z<p>Vyctoryo: New page: {{Biotec_Dresden/Header}} <html> <head> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://endo.bio.tu-dresden.de/igem/scripthost/fancybox/jquery.easing-1.3.pack.js"></script> <script type="tex...</p>
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<h2>Ethics</h2><br />
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[[Category:BIOTEC Dresden/Safety]]<br />
{{Biotec_Dresden/Bottom}}</div>Vyctoryohttp://2010.igem.org/Team:BIOTEC_Dresden/BrainstormingTeam:BIOTEC Dresden/Brainstorming2010-10-25T01:11:15Z<p>Vyctoryo: </p>
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<h2>Brainstorming</h2><br />
<p>At the end of March the team has started to meet regularly to discuss and develop potential ideas for an iGEM project. This phase was accompanied by literature research, endless discussion with pizza, various presentations, talks from groupleaders and conversations with experts. </p><br />
<h3>Phase 1 - Collection of ideas</h3><br />
<p>Here you can find some of the ideas we came up with: </p><br />
<ul><br />
<li> Bacterial Sequencing</li><br />
<li> Camouflage Bacteria</li><br />
<li> “Poo be gone” system </li><br />
<li> Bacterial sensor to differentiate between viral and bacterial infections</li><br />
<li> Bacterial Metamorphosis </li><br />
<li> Bacteriophage system that detects and specifically destroys tumor </li><br />
<li> Yeast producing extracellular matrix </li><br />
<li> Liposomes to collect and retain toxic substances in cigarette smoke while smoking</li><br />
<li> Remodeling the dicer enzyme for producing longer and thus more specific siRNAs </li><br />
<li> Recovery of iron oxide from waste water </li><br />
<li> Bacterial scaffolding system for organizing functional materials for photo splitting of water </li><br />
<li> Recycling of carbon dioxide into hydrocarbons for fuel production </li><br />
<li> Development of biosensors with heritable, long-term, erasable memory using the prion concept </li><br />
</ul><br />
<br />
<br />
<h3>Phase 2 - Top ideas</h3><br />
<p>Some of the ideas we had developed were researched in more detail to evaluate whether the project is accomplishable in 3 month. </p><br />
<h4>Antimold</h4><br />
<p> To target mold a foil-like material should deliver enzymes and substances to inhibit and prevent further growth of mold. Additionally a restoring of the original wall color was desired. </p><br />
<h4>Pops</h4><br />
<p>The idea of measuring PoPS (polymerase per second) <i>in vivo</i> or <i>in vitro</i> was discussed extensively. A novel approach using FRET should have been developed to analyse the activity of different promoters and gene regulatory elements. </p><br />
<h4>Extracting phosphate from waste water</h4><br />
<p>Wastewater is a rich source of phosphates yet is not been used for efficient recovery. The shortage of phosphate rock led to an increase in price of 600 % in the years 2007 and 2008. A yeast based approach using different bacterial and eukaryotic phosphate transport systems was thought to effectively collect phosphate from wastewater. </p><br />
<p>Finally, closing discussion at the end of June our project was selected to be SensorBricks.</p><br />
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{{Biotec_Dresden/Bottom}}</div>Vyctoryohttp://2010.igem.org/BIOTEC_Dresden/Notepad/1_October_2010BIOTEC Dresden/Notepad/1 October 20102010-10-04T23:12:16Z<p>Vyctoryo: </p>
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<div>'''Assembly of the amplifier-reporter part'''<br />
<br />
Part 45 (gel purified after restriction) was ligated into the linearized vector containing part 46 using the standard assembly method.<br />
The final aim is to ligate the product with part one in the order 1-45-26 to produce the amplifier-reporter:<br />
<br />
ptetR RBS LuxR Stop1 Stop2 luxRp-------RBS RFP---------RBS-luxI-Stop1-Stop2 <br />
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Ligation product showed the expected length in a restriction analysis also sequencing results expected.</div>Vyctoryohttp://2010.igem.org/BIOTEC_Dresden/Notepad/1_October_2010BIOTEC Dresden/Notepad/1 October 20102010-10-04T23:11:52Z<p>Vyctoryo: </p>
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<div>'''Assembly of the amplifier-reporter part'''<br />
<br />
Part 45 (gel purified after restriction) was ligated into the linearized vector containing part 46 using the standard assembly method.<br />
The final aim is to ligate the product with part one in the order 1-45-26 to produce the amplifier-reporter:<br />
<br />
ptetR RBS LuxR Stop1 Stop2 luxRp RBS RFP RBS-luxI-Stop1-Stop2 <br />
<br />
Ligation product showed the expected length in a restriction analysis also sequencing results expected.</div>Vyctoryohttp://2010.igem.org/BIOTEC_Dresden/Notepad/1_October_2010BIOTEC Dresden/Notepad/1 October 20102010-10-04T23:11:12Z<p>Vyctoryo: New page: '''Assembly of the amplifier-reporter part''' Part 45 (gel purified after restriction) was ligated into the linearized vector containing part 46 using the standard assembly method. The fi...</p>
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<div>'''Assembly of the amplifier-reporter part'''<br />
<br />
Part 45 (gel purified after restriction) was ligated into the linearized vector containing part 46 using the standard assembly method.<br />
The final aim is to ligate the product with part one in the order 1-45-26 to produce the amplifier-reporter:<br />
<br />
ptetR RBS LuxR Stop1 Stop2 luxRp RBS RFP RBS-luxI-Stop1-Stop2 <br />
<br />
Ligation product showed the expected length in a restriction analysis also sequencing results expected.</div>Vyctoryohttp://2010.igem.org/BIOTEC_Dresden/Notepad/3_October_2010BIOTEC Dresden/Notepad/3 October 20102010-10-04T22:51:52Z<p>Vyctoryo: </p>
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<div>'''Assembly of the amplifier-reporter part'''<br />
<br />
Restriction, gel purification and afterwards o/n ligation reactions were established to assemble part 1 (served as insert) with the previously ligated parts 45 and 46 (served as vector) in the following order 1-45-46.</div>Vyctoryohttp://2010.igem.org/BIOTEC_Dresden/Notepad/3_October_2010BIOTEC Dresden/Notepad/3 October 20102010-10-04T22:50:56Z<p>Vyctoryo: New page: '''Assembly of the amplifier-reporter part''' Restriction, gel purification and afterwards o/n ligation reactions were established to assemble part 1 (served as insert) with the already ...</p>
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<div>'''Assembly of the amplifier-reporter part'''<br />
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Restriction, gel purification and afterwards o/n ligation reactions were established to assemble part 1 (served as insert) with the already ligated parts 45 and 46 (served as vector) in the following order 1-45-46</div>Vyctoryohttp://2010.igem.org/BIOTEC_Dresden/Notepad/23_August_2010BIOTEC Dresden/Notepad/23 August 20102010-08-27T18:15:56Z<p>Vyctoryo: </p>
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Samples from the parts 44, 45, 46, 47 (and later part 39) were miniprepped and concentration determined. A PCR and gel analysis were carried out.<br />
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{{Biotec_Dresden/Bottom}}</div>Vyctoryohttp://2010.igem.org/BIOTEC_Dresden/Notepad/22_August_2010BIOTEC Dresden/Notepad/22 August 20102010-08-27T18:04:22Z<p>Vyctoryo: </p>
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Colony PCR with parts 44, 45, 46, 47 and o/n culturing.<br />
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{{Biotec_Dresden/Bottom}}</div>Vyctoryohttp://2010.igem.org/BIOTEC_Dresden/Notepad/20_August_2010BIOTEC Dresden/Notepad/20 August 20102010-08-27T18:01:11Z<p>Vyctoryo: </p>
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Parts 39, 44, 45, 46 and 47 were transformed<br />
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{{Biotec_Dresden/Bottom}}</div>Vyctoryohttp://2010.igem.org/BIOTEC_Dresden/Notepad/18_August_2010BIOTEC Dresden/Notepad/18 August 20102010-08-18T21:16:48Z<p>Vyctoryo: </p>
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The PCR products from the backbone amplification experiment were digested with DpnI restriction enzyme for 4 hours after which heat inactivation was performed.<br />
<br />
This was followed by a second purification with the pcr purification kit, by concentration determination with nanodrop (today: in the range 60-80 not much lower than before digestion) and finally by running the samples on an agarose gel (although detectable, the bands seemed rather weak and were accompanied by a smear)<br />
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{{Biotec_Dresden/Bottom}}</div>Vyctoryohttp://2010.igem.org/BIOTEC_Dresden/Notepad/18_August_2010BIOTEC Dresden/Notepad/18 August 20102010-08-18T21:08:47Z<p>Vyctoryo: </p>
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The PCR products from the backbone amplification experiment were digested with DpnI restriction enzyme for 4 hours followed by heat inactivation.<br />
<br />
Digestion was followed by a second purification with the pcr purification kit, concentration determination with nanodrop (today: in the range 60-80 not much lower than before digestion) and finally by running the samples on an agarose gel (although detectable, the band seemed rather weak and was accompanied by a smear)<br />
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{{Biotec_Dresden/Bottom}}</div>Vyctoryohttp://2010.igem.org/BIOTEC_Dresden/Notepad/17_August_2010BIOTEC Dresden/Notepad/17 August 20102010-08-18T20:29:53Z<p>Vyctoryo: </p>
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The images below show the outcome of the AHL assay. It ca be seen that the GFP reaches a plateau after approximately 45 minutes.Since the lower AHL concentrations of 200 and 400 nM show the same behavior as the higher concentrations we decided to repeat the assay using AHL concentration of 0.1 to 400 nM. <br />
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[[Image:BiotecDresden_GFPoverAHL.png|350px|GFPoverAHL]]<br />
[[Image:BiotecDresden GFPoverT.png|350px|GFPoverTime]]<br />
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PCR amplification of the backbone was carried out (samples run on agarose gel) followed by purification of the products.<br />
Concentration was determined using Nanodrop. Clearly distinct bands at the same position were noticed for the samples tested.<br />
However, a marker with higher molecular weight should be used in future for correctly estimating the size of the product. <br />
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