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iGEM 2010 ETH Zurich
Information processing on the basis of the E. lemming

Inspired by the video game lemmings we want to navigate an E. coli bacterium across the perilous downs of a micro fluidic chamber. The player observes his bacterium on the screen of a microscope and directs it into any desired direction using a joystick.
Our project is divided in two important parts: creating the E. lemming and establishing controller software as an interface between player and microscope.
The E. lemming relies on a modified chemotactic pathway, which is tunable by light pulses. Mathematical models predicted the best layout of the pathway which was then implemented into E. coli. To learn more about the E. lemming see the "E. lemming" section.
The controller software assesses the position and the direction the bacterium swims to and processes the input of the player into appropriate light pulses. To learn more about controller software please see the Information Processing section.

E. lemming

Figure 1. Setup to control E. coli movements. An automatized microscope images the E. lemming. A connected computer system detects and tracks the cells. The direction of movement of the E. lemming is compared to the desired direction defined by the user, e.g. with a joystick. If the direction of movement deviates too much from the desired direction, the digital controller induces tumbling by sending a red light pulse. Otherwise, tumbling is repressed by sending a far-red light pulse.

The core idea of our project is to control chemotaxis of E. coli by means of light! We'll realize this by hijacking and perturbing the tumbling / directed flagellar movement apparatus. By coupling directed flagellar movement regulating proteins to a novel synthetic light-sensitive spatial localization system, their activity can be controlled reversibly. A light-sensitive dimerizing complex fused to this regulating proteins at a spatially fixed location is induced by light pulses and therefore localization of the two molecules can be manipulated. Tumbling / directed flagellar movement rates are monitored by image processing algorithms, which are linked to the light-pulse generator. This means that E. coli tumbling is induced or suppressed simply by pressing a light switch! This synthetic network enables control of single E. coli cells: We'll make them move like mindless "Lemmings" in the direction they are forced to go!