Team:HokkaidoU Japan/Project/Test

From 2010.igem.org

Type III Secretion System

What

   Type III Secretion Apparatus is a syringe-like organelle which can inject a whole protein molecule from a bacterial cell to a target eukaryotic cell. This apparatus is one of the members of Type III Secretion System (T3SS), which is essential for the pathogenicity of many pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella and Yersinia.


Why

   Currently, methods to introduce proteins directly into cells are complicated, although there are several entrenched transfection methods to introduce nucleic acid into cells. Moreover, introduction of DNA changes cell genetic makeup permanently, but introduction of proteins chage the cell state temporary and afterwards the injected protein will be degraded leaving no permanent information in the target cell. In this regard, introduction of RNA ~

   In nature Type III Secretion Apparatus is used to secrete proteins that help the bacteria infect eukaryotic organisms however, this tecnology has huge potential. For example, the bacteria which can inject Yamanaka factors will be iPS cells generator E. coli.

How

References

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  2. Galán JE, Wolf-Watz H. 2006. Protein delivery into eukaryotic cells by type III secretion machines. Nature. Vol.444:567-573. Review. PubMed
  3. Hansen-Wester I, Chakravortty D, Hensel M. 2004. Functional transfer of Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 to Salmonella bongori and Escherichia coli. Infect Immun. Vol.72:2879-2888. PubMed
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  8. Wilson JW, Coleman C, Nickerson CA. 2007. Cloning and transfer of the Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 type III secretion system for studies of a range of gram-negative genera. Appl Environ Microbiol. Vol.73:5911-5918. PubMed
  9. Yu XJ, McGourty K, Liu M, Unsworth KE, Holden DW. 2010. pH sensing by intracellular Salmonella induces effector translocation. Science. Vol.328:1040-1043. PubMed
  10. Yu XJ, Liu M, Holden DW. 2004. SsaM and SpiC interact and regulate secretion of Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 type III secretion system effectors and translocators. Mol Microbiol. Vol.54:604-619. PubMed